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Railway 
Provident  Institutions 


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Comptroller 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company 


PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   U.  S.  A. 

f  Of  THE 

f   UNIVERSITY 

1905 


OF 


Railway 
Provident  Institutions 


in 


English-Speaking 
Countries 


Being  a  consolidation  of  Reports  submitted  to  the  Permanent  International  Commission  of  the 
International  Railway  Congress  at  Brussels,  Belgium,  Europe,  under  date  of  July  1st  and 
October  22d,  1904,  respectively,  conformably  with  appointment  in  April,  1902  (while  holding 
the  office  of  Assistant  Comptroller  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company),  as  "Reporter  for 
Countries  Using  the  English  Language,"  in  connection  with  the  Seventh  Session  of  the  Inter- 
national Railway  Congress,  to  be  held  in  Washington,  D.  C,  U.  S.  A.,  in  May,  3—13   1905. 


M.    RIEBENACK 

Comptroller 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company 

philadelphia,  pa.,  u.  s.  a. 
*<TbTa  *  =•■■  ■-. 

OF  THE 

NIVERSITY 

OF 

1905 


h- 


^V 


Copyright,  1905,  by  M.  Riebenack 


Railway  Provident  Institutions 

IN 

ENGLISH-SPEAKING    COUNTRIES. 


PREFACE. 

This  publication  embodies  the  substance  of  two  reports  duly  submitted, 
in  the  capacity  of  "Reporter  for  Countries  Using  the  English  Language," 
during  the  year  1904,  to  the  Permanent  International  Commission  of  the 
International  Railway  Congress,  at  Brussels,  Belgium,  Europe,  for  use  at  the 
seventh  session  of  the  Congress,  to  be  held  at  Washington,  D.  C,  U.  S.  A., 
May  3-13,  1905. 

Reporters  are  appointed  by  the  Commission,  for  the  different  countries,  to 
investigate  and  report  upon  specially  assigned  subjects,  which  are  presented 
and  discussed  during  Congressional  sessions.  The  Congress  meets  every  two 
years  (recent  meetings  have,  however,  been  held  every  five  years),  and  the 
first  session,  held  at  Brussels  in  August,  1885,  was  attended  by  257  dele- 
gates, and  was  convened  to  celebrate  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the 
inauguration  of  the  Belgian  Railways.  The  last,  or  sixth,  session  was 
held  in  the  "Palais  des  Congres"  of  the  Paris  International  Exhibition, 
September  20-October  1,  1900,  and  was  attended  by   1,249  delegates. 

The  "  General  "  and  "  Supplemental "  reports  which  I  submitted  to  the  Com- 
mission on  the  above-mentioned  subject  were  compiled  under  certain  restric- 
tions as  to  space  and  time  imposed  by  that  body,  which  inevitably  precluded 
other  than  limited  exploitation  for  the  various  provident  features  discussed 
therein.  Numerous  changes  and  additions  have  been  introduced  in  this 
reprint,  with  the  view  of  eliminating  as  much  as  possible  any  elements  of 
ambiguity,  and  minimizing  possible  errors  of  statement. 

M.  RIEBENACK. 


Railway   provident    institutions 


English-Speaking  countries 


GENERAL    SUBJECT 

INDEX 

FEATURE 

PAGES 

Commencing                 Closing 

Preface. 

General  Introductory, 

General  Provident  Statistics  for  American  Railways, 
A. — Insurance  and  Relief  Provision,      .... 

a. — Life  and  Accident  Insurance, 

b. — Mutual  Insurance, 

c. — Endowment  Insurance, 

d.— Railway  Relief  Department,       .... 

e. — Employes'  Relief  Association, 

United  States, 

Canada,        

Great  Britain, 

Asia,         

Africa, 

Australasia, 

B.— Pension  or  Retirement  Provision,     .... 

United  States, 

Canada, 

Great  Britain, 

Asia, 

Africa, 

Australasia, 

C— Superannuation  Provision, 

United  States, 

Canada,     

Great  Britain, 

Africa, 

Australasia, 


1 

10 

12 

16 

17 

127 

17 

25 

25 

29 

30 

31 

31 

77 

77 

82 

17 

82 

82 

89 

89 

118 

118 

122 

123 

125 

126 

127 

129 

178 

129 

149 

149 

150 

150 

177 

177 

177 

178 

178 

178 

178 

179 

214 

179 

181 

182 

183 

183 

210 

210 

213 

213 

214 

GENERAL  SUBJECT  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


PAGES 


Commencing 


D. — Hospital  Service, 

United  States, 

Mexico, 

Panama, 

Sandwich  Islands  (Hawaii), 

Great  Britain, 

Asia, 

Africa, 

E. — Savings  Funds, 

United  States, 

Great  Britain, 

Asia, 

Africa, 

F.— Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Scheme,      •     •    • 

United  States, 

Great  Britain, 

G. — Young  Men's  Christian  Association  R.W.Brs., 

United  States, 

Mexico, 

H.— Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms, 

United  States, 

Mexico, 

Panama, 

Great  Britain, 

Asia, 

Africa, 

I.— Literary  Institutes, 

Great  Britain, 

Asia, 

Africa, 

Australasia, 

J.— Loan  Provision, 

United  States, 

Great  Britain, 

K. — Public  or  Private  (Outside)  Provision,   .     • 

United  States, 

Great  Britain, 

Australasia, 


215 

215 
221 
222 
223 
223 
226 
229 

233 
233 

238 
241 
241 

245 
245 
250 

253 

253 
260 

261 
261 
262 
263 
263 
265 
265 

267 
267 

271 
271 
273 

275 
275 
277 

279 
279 

284 
300 


GENERAL  SUBJECT  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


PAGES 


Commencing 

Closing 

301 

302 

301 

302 

302 

302 

303 

308 

303 

308 

309 

314 

309 

311 

311 

314 

315 

316 

315 

316 

317 

343 

318 

337 

338 

341 

342 

342 

342 

343 

343 

343 

345 

349 

345 

349 

351 

354 

351 

354 

355 

357 

L. — Leave  Allowance, 

Asia, 

Australasia, 

M.— Miscellaneous  Provision, 

General, 

N.— Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods,      •     . 

United  States, 

Great  Britain, 

O.— Palace  or  Sleeping  Car  Companies,      .     .     . 

United  States, 

P.— Express  Companies(  United  States  and  Canada), 

a. — Insurance  Provision, 

b. — Pension  Provision, 

c. — Superannuation  Provision,        .... 
d. — Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Provision, 
e. — Library  and  Reading  Room  Provision,     .    . 

Q. — Railway  Mail  Service, 

United  States, 

R.— Welfare  Work, 

United  States, 

Conclusion, 

ADDENDA. 

1. — Reportorial  Remarks  before  Section  4  of  In- 
ternational Railway  Congress,  Washington, 
D.  C,  May  10,  1905,      

2.— United  States : 

a.— Fraternal  Society  of  American  Association  of 
General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agents, 

b. — Free  Traveling  Newspaper  Library,  Southern 
Pacific  Company  ("  Sunset  Route  "),     .    . 

3. — Australasia: 

a. — Life  Assurance,  South  Australian  State  Rail- 
ways,   

b. — Public  Service  Superannuation  Fund,     .    .    . 

c. — Public  Service  Provident  Fund, 

d. — South  Australian  Railways  Hospital  Fund,     . 

4. — Asia  : 

a. — Libraries,  Great  Indian  Peninsula  Railway, 
b.— Reading-Rooms,  Great  Indian  Peninsula  Rail- 
way,      


15 

17 

17 

18 

18 

23 

23 

28 

28 

29 

29 

29 

29 

31 

31 

31 

14 


OF  THE 

:NIV£RSfTY 

OF 


International  Railway  Congress 

Seventh  Session,   Washington,    D.  C,    May,   1905 


QUESTION   XVI    (IV  OF  SECTION  4)— PROVIDENT   INSTITUTIONS 


Reporter  for  Countries  Using  the  English  Language 

M.      RIEBENACK 

'Assistant  Comptroller,    Pennsylvania   Railroad  Company 

Broad  St.  Station,   Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


Being  a  combined  report,  consisting  of  a  consolidation  of  "  General "  and  ' '  Supplemental "  Reports,  submitted 
as  of  July  i  and  October  22,  1904,  respectively,  conformably  with  appointment  in  April,  1902,  while  holding 
the  office  of  Assistant  Comptroller  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company. 


Introductory  comment. 


Scope  of  investigations. 


To  the  Permanent  International  Commission  of  the  Inter- 
national Railway  Congress,  Brussels,  Belgium. 
Gentlemen: — Pursuant  to  appointment  communicated 
through  your  General  Secretary,  under  date  of  April  12, 
1902,  your  Reporter  has  the  honor  to  submit  herewith 
results  of  investigations  conducted  on  Question  XVI  (IV 
of  Section  4) — Provident  Institutions,  Account  of 
Railways  in  Countries  Using  the  English  Language. 

The  line  of  investigation  carried  out  has  been,  as  will  be 
perceived,  quite  comprehensive,  it  having  been  the  aim  to 
include  in  the  term  "provident  institutions"  all  its 
recognizedly  important  relations  to  railways  coming 
within  the  purview  of  the  assignment.  This  was  done 
solely  with  the  idea  of  laying  before  the  Congress 
a  veritable  compendium  on  all  salient  factors  generally 
conceded,  by  English-speaking  nations,  to  be  the  chief 
avenues  through  and  by  which  the  railway  companies  are 
enabled  to  get  on  closer  and  more  intimate  terms  with  their 
employes — the  chief  sources  from  which  are  drawn  the 
most  desirable  and  acceptable  common  grounds  of  activity 
between  employer  and  employe;  and  which  are  at  once 
the  manifest  and  inevitable  means  of  directly  improving 
and  bettering  the  condition  of  the  employe  generally — so 
firmly  uniting  and  binding  his  highest  interests  with  those 
of  his  employer  as  to  create  and  adequately  sustain  a 
happy  co-operation  between  these  two  inseparable  interests. 

♦Appointed    Comptroller,  Pennsylvania    Railroad   Company,   effective    as  of 
February  i,  1905. 

(1) 


General  Introductory. 


In  other  words,  the  several  provident  undertakings  and  in- 
stitutions whose  characteristics  were  made  the  subject  of 
investigations  in  this  instance,  are  one  and  all  so  thoroughly 
interwoven  in  the  plan  of  railway  endeavor  for  ameliora- 
tion of  existing  improvidence  among  railway  employes,  in 
English-speaking  countries,  as  to  be  indispensable  in  any 
report  compiled  and  published  as  an  exposition  of  modern 
methods  of  railways  in  providing  for  the  uplifting,  better- 
ment, and  general  care  of  their  employes  and  workingmen. 


General  character 
of  expenditures. 


Many  roads  not  conducting  either  insurance  or  pension 
features  for  the  benefit  of  their  men,  expend  quite  as  much 
money,  comparatively,  for  other  provident  undertakings, 
as,  for  example,  "Hospitals,"  "Railway  Branches  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,"  "Libraries,"  "Reading 
Rooms,"  and  other  forms  of  beneficence.  The  expenditure 
so  voluntarily  incurred  is  intended  to  serve  the  identical 
ends  as  that  assumed  by  other  railways  conducting  other 
and  differing  benevolent  movements  for  their  men. 


Wider  and  better  data  for 
Congressional  consideration. 


The  character  of  data  solicited,  and  largely  obtained, 
under  the  line  of  investigation  pursued  by  your  Reporter, 
while  really  encyclopaedic  in  scope  and  variety,  is,  notwith- 
standing, merely  such  as  will  enable  the  membership  of  the 
Railway  Congress  to  enjoy  a  fuller  conception  of  railway 
endeavor,  in  countries  dominated  by  the  English-speak- 
ing people,  toward  providing  contentment,  competence, 
and  safety  for  their  employes,  than  has  hitherto  been 
possible,  for  the  reason  that  past  Congressional  effort  has 
been  restricted  in  this  relation. 


Scope  of  investigation 
tabulated. 


The  territory  comprehended  in  the  pursuit  of  reportorial 
information  was  practically  world-wide,  railway  officials 
stationed  in  all  quarters  of  the  habitable  globe  having 
been  furnished  with  the  printed  questions.  The  territorial 
scope  is  presented  in  the  subjoined  table,  which  also  ex- 
hibits, in  appropriately  headed  columns,  figures  indicative 
of  "initiative  action"  and  "resultant  consequences"  as 
related  to  interchanged  correspondence: 


General  Introductory. 


America. 


Europe. 


Asia. 


Africa. 


Australasia. 


Country 

D 

a  o 
<  z 

o  <-> 

°  2 

D 

0    O 

Roads   Mak- 
ing No  Re- 
sponse 

America  : 
United  States         

140 
3 

4 

1 

1 



63 

6 

Republic  of  Mexico  

4 

Central  America       

7 
5 

Republic  of  Panama     

*Sandwich  Islands          

1 

♦Philippine  Islands 

1 

Total               

149 

87 

Europe : 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  .. 

34 

4 

2 

Total           

34 

4 

2 

Asia: 
India  and  Borneo 

6 

5 

Total           

6            1 

5 

Africa  : 
British  Colonial  Roads 

3 

1 

Total              

3 

1 

Australasia  : 
British  Colonial  Roads    

1 

5 

Total           

1 

5 

Grand  Total    

193 

100 

. 

*  Dependencies  of  the  United  States  of  America 


General  Introductory. 


General  results  secured. 


The  foregoing  table  discloses  that  out  of  a  total  of  300 
roads  addressed  on  the  general  subject,  193  roads,  or  64  per 
centum,  are  represented  by  reporting  data. 


Results  in  United  States. 


Comparative 
statistics  for  U.  S. 


Results  from  canvass  of  the  situation  in  the  United  States 
were  especially  good.  These  clearly  suggest  that  what  has 
been  achieved  stands  for  merely  the  frontispiece  of  a  great 
volume  in  which  will  be  eventually  presented  provident 
undertakings,  in  some  form,  for  every  railway  operating 
on  American  soil.  The  seed  already  sown  has  taken  firm 
hold  and  is  now  manifestly  possessed  of  extraordinary 
fructifying  tendencies.  Two  hundred  and  three  (203)  roads 
were  supplied  with  sets  of  the  printed  reportorial  questions. 
Replies  were  received  from  140  roads,  representing  in  round 
numbers  an  aggregate  mileage  of  175,000  miles,  or  85  per 
centum  of  the  total  mileage  of  the  country,  with  approxi- 
mately 1,000,000  employes,  or  about  76  per  centum  of  the 
total  number  of  railway  employes  accredited  to  the  country. 
The  character  of  results  developed  embraces  the  following 
status : 


Condensed  table  of 
results  for  U.  S. 


Roads  submitting  replies  on  provident  schemes..  120 
Roads  advising  that  provident  schemes  are  not 

conducted 20 

Roads  making  no  responses 63 

203 


Small  non-replying 
roads  not  factors. 


The  number  of  non-replying  roads  was  largely  anticipated, 
the  Reporter  having  estimated  that  few,  if  any,  American 
roads  with  less  than  200  miles  of  operated  line  would  be 
identified  with  any  of  the  several  provident  plans  mapped 
out  in  the  printed  lists.  Eliminating  these  small,  non- 
participating  roads  (a  considerable  percentage  of  which 
are,  it  may  be  observed,  members  of  the  large  System  roads 


General  Introductory. 


5 


from  which  replies  were  received,  and,  therefore,  are 
practically  included  in  such  System  responses)  as  elements 
for  material  consideration  in  this  place,  and  it  may  be 
safely  announced,  that  quite  90  per  centum  of  American 
railway  mileage  is  comprehended  in  the  replies  elicited, 
while,  abstractly  speaking,  all  the  standard  representative 
roads  of  the  country  are  registered. 


Canadian  results. 


Data  for  Canadian  railways  include  the  Canadian 
Pacific,  the  Grand  Trunk,  and  the  Intercolonial  Railway 
Systems,  with  an  aggregate  mileage  of  13,600  miles,  and 
employes  to  the  number  of  about  70,000.  These  rank 
as  the  largest  and  may  be  considered  the  representative 
roads  in  Canada. 


Mexican  results. 


On  account  of  the  Republic  of  Mexico  replies  were  re- 
ceived from  the  Mexican  Central  Railway,  with  3,154  miles 
of  line,  and  18,730  employes,  and  the  National  Lines  of 
Mexico  (a  System  constituted  by  merger  and  consolidation  of 
respectively  the  National  Railroad  Company  of  Mexico,  with 
1,612.19  miles,  the  Mexican  International  Railroad  Company , 
with  880  miles,  and  the  Interoceanic  Railway  of  Mexico,  with 
736  miles  of  roadway),  with  3,228.19  miles  of  lines  and  16,008 
employes.  These  two  roads  represent  about  76  per  centum 
of  the  total  railway  mileage,  and  are  the  standard  lines 
operating  in  the  Republic. 


West  Indies  and 
Central  America. 


Railways  in  the  West  Indies  and  Central  America  were 
addressed  experimentally,  the  Reporter  being  conversant 
with  the  fact  that  railway  investment  and  operation  in 
these  countries  are  not  on  an  extended  scale,  while, 
moreover,  their  geographical  locations,  falling  within  the 
tropical  zone,  are  obviously  not  conducive  to  the  successful 
working  of  the  most  important  provident  enterprises.  As 
shown  in  the  foregoing  recapitulative  table,  replies  were 
received  from  none  of  the  roads  addressed  in  these  coun- 
tries, and  the  Reporter  refrained  from  vigorous  prosecution 
of  investigation  thereon,  for  the  reasons  stated. 


Other  countries. 


General  Introductory. 


Replies  received  from  other  railways,  located  beyond 
the  limits  of  the  American  continent,  were  very  gratifying. 
They  came  from  the  better  known  and  more  prominent  lines 
in  their  respective  countries,  which  circumstance  insures  a 
reporting  basis  in  every  way  truly  representative  of  the 
railway  practice  in  the  countries  involved. 


Specially  secured  data. 


In  addition  to  responses  elicited  by  direct  distribution 
of  specially  prepared  sets  of  printed  questions,  considerable 
important  information  was  derived  from  investigations 
prosecuted  along  general  lines,  which  resulted  in  the  gath- 
ering of  data  bearing  upon  provident  practices  of  many 
railways,  in  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  that 
would  otherwise  have  been  without  representation  in 
report  to  the  Congress. 


Associated  outside  interests. 


From  the  standpoint  of  their  close  and  continuous 
operative  association,  it  was  deemed  proper  and  advisable 
to  examine  into  and  report  upon  the  provident  institutions 
and  movements  conducted  by  or  in  connection  with  the 
following  railway  auxiliaries,  viz.: 

a. — Express  Companies ; 

b. — Palace  or  Sleeping  Car  Companies; 

c. — Railway  Mail  Service. 


Classification  of 
undertakings. 


The  replies  at  hand  include  all  the  provident  features 
originally  contemplated  and  presented  by  the  Reporter, 
and  demonstrate  that  the  principal  agencies  and  methods 
obtaining  with  railways  dominated  by  English-speaking 
people,  looking  to  the  relief  and  betterment  of  their  employes, 
are  as  follows: 


A. — Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 
B. — Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


General  Introductory. 


C. — Superannuation  Provision. 

D. — Hospital  Service  (including  Railway  Hospitals, 
Contract  Hospitals,  Emergency  Stations,  Dispen- 
saries, Ambulance  Classes  and  Crews,  and  Hospital 
Cars) . 

E. — Savings  Funds. 

F. — Co-operative   Capital   Stock    Purchasing   Scheme 

(a  plan  providing  for  employes  becoming  full  stock- 
holders, and  also  invested  with  characteristics  of  the 
ordinary  savings  fund) . 

G. — Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway 
Branches  (including  reference  to  contributions  by 
roads  not  directly  identified  with  such  branches). 

H. — Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms  (including  those 
conducted  in  connection  with  Y .  M.  C.  A .  Branches 
and  those  provided  and  controlled  by  individual 
railways) . 

I. — Literary  Institutes  (in  vogue  for  the  most  part 
with  railways  of  Great  Britain,  and  invested  with 
characteristics  corresponding  very  nearly  to  those 
common  to  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association). 

J. — Loan  Provision. 

K. — Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision  (com- 
prehending for  the  most  part  endowment  provision 
by  private  individuals  on  behalf  of  railway  em- 
ployes) . 

L. — Leave  Provision  (covering  practice  of  East  Indian 
railways  as  to  granting  leaves  of  absence,  with  and 
without  pay,  on  the  basis  of  periods  of  continuous 
service) . 

M. — Miscellaneous  Provision  (including  minor  provi- 
dent effort,  such  as  Rest  Rooms,  Dining  Clubs,  etc.). 


General  Introductory. 


N. — Railway  Brotherhoods  (stick  as  Brotherhood  oj 
Locomotive  Engineers,  Order  of  Railway  Conduc- 
tors, Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen,  etc.). 

O. — Welfare  Work  (in  vogue  with  large  industrial 
enterprises  in  the  United  States,  including  express 
companies,  street  railway  companies,  etc.,  and 
comprehending,  on  a  small  scale,  many  of  the 
provident  movements  common  to  the  steam  rail- 
ways) . 


Absence  of 
charitable  features. 


Each  of  the  above-mentioned  features  will  be  discussed 
in  this  report,  and  in  the  order  enumerated.  As  their 
titles  suggest,  one  and  all  of  the  features  are  absolutely 
disassociated  from  and  unidentified  with  so-called  eleemosy- 
nary and  charitable  movements  and  benevolent  effort  of  a 
religious  or  semi-religious  nature.  In  the  greater  propor- 
tion, the  employes  directly  benefited  are  active  and  contin- 
uous contributors  and  subscribers  for  the  benefits  conferred. 


Industrial  advancement 
at  stake. 


Origin  of  movement. 


America  and  Great 
Britain  pioneers. 


This  array  of  provident  undertakings  is  properly  illustra- 
tive of  the  liberal  provisions  made  by  railway  management 
during  the  past  century,  as  well  as  in  the  one  in  which  we 
are  now  living.  It  is  a  great  and  ever-increasing  movement 
toward  what  may  be  styled  "industrial  advancement," 
whose  origin  was  the  desire  of  industrial  concerns  requiring 
for  their  adequate  operation  large  forces  of  employes,  with 
differing  lines  of  employment,  to  subserve,  maintain,  and 
develop  corporate  entity  throughout  its  varied  ramifications. 
The  railways  of  America  and  Great  Britain  were  among 
the  first  of  the  great  labor-employing  industrial  enter- 
prises to  perceive  and  act  upon  the  question  of  concentrating 
the  interests  of  their  employes  within  the  purview  and 
jurisdiction  of  corporate  oversight  and  control,  by  affording, 
largely  through  disbursements  from  their  own  revenues, 
avenues  leading   to   the   establishment   of   a   standard   of 


General  Introductory. 


Sociological  status. 


Railway  effort 
generally  copied. 


Strengthens  common  ties. 


Composite  characteristics. 


Effect  produced 
on  employes. 


individual  efficiency.  In  short,  they  have  firmly  grasped  the 
utilitarian  side  of  the  sociological  problem  in  its  ethical  appli- 
cation to  political  economy  as  related  to  railway  employes, 
and  it  will  not  be  amiss  to  remark  in  this  place  that  the 
pace  set  by  the  railways  is  fast  being  equaled  and  patterned 
after  by  large  trade,  manufacturing,  and  other  forms  of 
general  industrial  enterprises.  The  railways  began  and  are 
still  moving  on  the  principle  that  there  is  indissoluble 
mutuality  of  interest  between  employer  and  employe — 
that  these  interests,  although  not  identical,  are,  neverthe- 
less, based  fundamentally  and  practically  upon  the  uni- 
versally conceded  grounds  of  reciprocity,  as  applied  to  the 
primary  law  of  cause  and  effect.  And  this  broad  conception 
of  the  subject  has  necessarily  engendered  a  more  liberal  and 
intelligent  diffusion  of  provident  undertakings,  one  and  all 
aimed  at  producing  close  and  loyal  ties  between  the  manage- 
ment, who  are  the  guardians  of  corporate  capital  and  its 
mutations,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  employes,  who  keep 
the  corporate  machinery  in  requisite  operative  and  revenue- 
producing  condition,  on  the  other.  The  real  keystone  of 
the  arch  of  provident  institutions  is  the  composite  pro- 
duced by  the  provision  made  and  successfully  sustained  at 
railway  expense,  for  sick,  injured,  and  aged  employes, 
and  designated  beneficiaries  in  the  event  of  their  death,  in 
conjunction  with  the  various  opportunities  for  mental,  physi- 
cal, and  spiritual  betterment,  and  general  relaxation  and 
recreation  of  the  employes,  while  in  good  health  and  other- 
wise possessed  of  capacity  for  their  enjoyment.  These  pro- 
visions, so  evidently  actuated  by  truly  humane  purpose,  have 
inevitably  resulted  in  improved  mental,  moral,  and  physical 
conditions,  thus  developing  a  reciprocal  feeling  between 
capital  and  labor,  and  at  the  same  time  energy  has  been 
vitalized  and  ambition  stimulated  among  the  rank  and 
file  of  railway  employes.  They  affect  directly  the  comfort 
and  well-being  of  the  men,  thereby  insuring  to  a  much 
greater  degree  than  is  commonly  supposed  an  esprit  de  corps 
in  the  personnel  of  the  service,  which  can  be  safely  counted 
upon  to  defend  at  all  times  the  interests  and  welfare  so 
emphatically  and  advantageously  their  own. 


10 


General  Introductory. 


Amplitude  in  queries. 


Previous  study  of  and  contact  with  prominent  auxiliaries 
of  the  general  subject  induced  the  conviction  that  consider- 
able amplitude  in  variety  and  number  of  questions  pro- 
pounded would  be  required  to  elicit  from  the  railways 
coming  within  the  reportorial  assignment,  (whose  practices 
in  this  relation  are  very  dissimilar),  adequate  data  for  the 
purposes  contemplated.  This  assumption  has  been  fully 
upheld  in  the  light  of  collected  and  collated  information, 
as  not  only  do  the  several  practices  of  different  countries 
on  the  same  provident  undertakings  exhibit  striking  contrast, 
but  also  the  forms  in  which  the  replies  are  presented  display 
pronounced  differences. 


Plan  of  reporting  adopted. 


Realizing  the  utter  impossibility  of  crystallizing  the  great 
mass  of  gathered  and  analyzed  data  into  a  uniform  and 
systematized  whole,  it  has  been  deemed  advisable  to  accord 
the  matter  treatment  herein  by  the  exploitation  of  cardinal 
features  pertaining  to  each  of  the  undertakings  discussed, 
consolidating,  wherever  possible,  similarity  of  practice  on 
particular  features  by  railways  in  the  same  country,  and 
only  indulging  any  measure  of  detailed  recital  where  such 
practices  embrace  important  points  of  difference.  This 
manner  of  procedure  is  not  only  rendered  practically  impera- 
tive by  the  vast  amount  of  reportorial  matter  calling  for 
mention,  but  is  also  further  especially  emphasized  by  the 
restriction  upon  verbiage  to  be  encompassed  by  report,  as 
prescribed  by  your  Commission. 


Report  based  on  year  1903. 


Unless  otherwise  indicated,  information  gazetted  in 
report  relates  to  conditions  and  operations  during  the  year 
1903. 


Order  of  subject  treatment. 


The  several  provident  features  will  be  taken  up  in  the 
order  hereinbefore  announced,  and  each  feature  discussed 
by  "Countries,"  in  the  order  shown  in  the  foregoing  table. 
Where  a  representative  provident  undertaking  is  susceptible 
of  subdivision,  consequent  upon  varying  measures  adopted 
by  different  roads,  each  subdivision  will  be  discussed  in  the 
order  named  herein. 


General  Provident  Statistics  for  American  Railways. 


Statistics  on 

Dumber  of  en 
American  Raj 


Statistics  : 

For  general  reviewal  and  comparative  purposes,  and  particularly  to  provide  juxtaposition  for  figures  announced  herein  on  account  of  the  operative  results  of  sundry  provident  undertakings,  there  are 
submitted  below  tabular  statistical  data  for  all  American  roads  in  this  relation,  viz.  : 
Table  showing   Numerical    Strength   of   Employes,    by   Occupations,   of   American   Railways,  Directly    Interested   in  "Insurance  or  Relief,"  "Pension  oh  Retirement,"  and  "Superannuation"  Provident  Undertakings,  either    on  Behalf 
of  or  in  Connection  with  such  Employes,  same  being  accompanied  by  Summarized  Table  presenting  Total  Mileage  and  Number  of  Employes  for  all  American  Railways  in  this  Connection. 


United  States. 


Ann  Arbor  Railroad — 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad 


tBaltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  System.. 
Bangor  &  Aroostook  Railroad... 


Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad 

Boston  &  Albany  Railroad 

Boston  &  Maine  Railroad 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh  Railway- 


Central  Railroad  Company  of  New  Jersey. 

IjChicago  ife  Alton  Railway. 

a  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad 

Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway 

i    in  :i  >.»  I'm  iington  &  Quincy  Railway 

Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railway 

Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Pacific  Railway. 
{-Cleveland  Terminal  &  Valley  Railroad 

Cumberland  Valley  Railroad 


Delaware.  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad.-. 
Houston  it  Texas  Central  Railroad 


Illinois  Central  Railroad..... 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad... 
Long  Island  Railroad 


Maine  Central  Railroad... 


New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad 

Norfolk  &  Western  Railway 


OregoB  Railroad  and  Navigation  Company- 
( tregon  Short  Line  Railroad .... 


{Pennsylvania  Railroad  System  (East  and  West).. 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway.. 

Portland  A:  Rumford  Falls  Railway 


UQuincy,  Omaha  &  Kansas  City  Railway. 

ronio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway 

Southern  Pacific  Company  (Pacific  System) 

Southern  Pacific  Company  (Sunset  Route) 

Texas  &  Pacific  Railway 

Union  Pacific  Railroad 


Canadian  Pacific  Railway 

Grand  Trunk  Railway  Systen 
{Intercolonial  Railway. 


412.0 
2(17.0 
389.0 
2,281.77 
500.5 

lis  VII 

750.0 
J  192  13 
8,324.0 
1,015.09 

335.92 


163.15 

965.30 

690.0 

4,301.10 

1,398.0 
391.70 


3,  1 1".-. I. >i 

1,722.0 


687.4 
5,831.0 

1,621.0 

1,827.0 
2,933.7 


12,359.0 


',,    in   1  ,1  I 

Office 
Clerks 


30 
437 


409 

158 

TUT 

1,567 

292 

160 


62 
604 
212 
1,094 
589 

1S1 

143 


300 

184 
1,031 
1,131 

242 
245 


10,737 


1,450 
814 


2,270 


1,411 


98 
78 
892 
3,540 
140 

2,772 

173 
3,506 
3,116 

747 
168 


209 
1,766 

165 
3,232 

1,886 

404 

443 
6,587 


2,195 
27 


112 

2,159 

693 

570 

834 


5,627 


62 
5S0 


51 
144 
282 
1,168 
225 

463 

176 

1,759 

1,494 

271 

227 


771 

152 

1,332 

734 
176 


300 
549 


1 ,359 
1,319 


2,678 


55 

151 

310 

1,109 

234 

520 

176 

2,004 

1,584 

309 

252 

~69 

850 

156 

1,407 

816 

197 


86 
1,004 

497 

349 
563 


48 
115 
169 
1,021 
132 

326 


59 

410 
154 
788 
408 


1,028 

10 


310 

184 

348 


1 ,493 
1,306 


t  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  System,  vide  infra  p  40 

IStoJES1*  ',"'    We/'    ot   ^burgh    (each   system   being   operated    as  a  distinct   organizati 

[ihvay  of  (  anada  did   not  furnish   classification  of  employes  by   occupations 
|i  loose  roads  did  not  furnish  classification  of  employes  by  occupations. 


100 
207 
476 
2,640 
362 

891 

255 

2,739 

2,055 

518 

295 

124 


:;,cs3 
973 


97 

1,997 

7111 

473 
1,032 


20 
60 
370 

641 
283 

287 

127 
1,068 
940 
250 
282 

32" 

363 

216 

1,158 

797 
97 

107 

6,927 
327 

138 
240 


363 

551 


67 

420 


167 
1,061 

88 

243 

116 

1,702 

2,382 

308 

264 

30" 

494 

199 

2,1115 

400 
219 


2.170 
799 


7:111 
155 


2,246 

1,7  11 


471 
1,853 


2,324 


233 
1,931 


150 

619 

621 

1,259 

1,072 

1,200 

335 
4,258 
7,157 

771 


254 
3.11S 

641 

2,674 

3,377 
465 


127 

1 ,257 

1,527 

181 

107 

54' 

306 

128 

916 


255 
3,153 
1,860 


289 

47C, 


415 
665 
576 
3,418 
932 

2,400 

638 
5,723 
6,246 

739 
1,453 

""""(352 

3,438 

1,950 

10,119 

3,030 

52 

S95 

8,597 
3,685 

924 
1,630 


517 
8,732 
3,414 

2,321 

3,672 


Telegraph 

and  Di^- 


Eraployes 
Account 
Floating 
Equipnieni 


34 

8S2 


152 

1,698 

249 


311 
1,727 


32 

1,371 

239 

1,528 

772 
529 


2,028 
9 


587 
482 


1 52 
208 


170 
104 
5G1 
423 


114 

27 


163 

2,172 


84 

122 

1,050 

2,650 

361 

800 

1,941 

2,815 

5,138 

1S4 

621 


17,707 

643 

1,516 

3,002 
2,001 


3,743 
1,008 


279 

170 


5,669 

1,1)99 


5,319 

4,498 


9,712 
1,195 


1,294 
3,016 


and  conducting  its  own   provident  undertakings)  is  shown  at   p.  60. 


10 


General  Introductory. 


Amplitude  in  queries. 


Previous  study  of  and  contact  with  prominent  auxiliaries 
of  the  general  subject  induced  the  conviction  that  consider- 
able amplitude  in  variety  and  number  of  questions  pro- 
pounded would  be  required  to  elicit  from  the  railways 
coming  within  the  reportorial  assignment,  (whose  practices 
in  this  relation  are  very  dissimilar),  adequate  data  for  the 
purposes  contemplated.  This  assumption  has  been  fully 
upheld  in  the  light  of  collected  and  collated  information, 
as  not  only  do  the  several  practices  of  different  countries 
on  the  same  provident  undertakings  exhibit  striking  contrast, 
but  also  the  forms  in  which  the  replies  are  presented  display 
pronounced  differences. 


Plan  of  reporting  adopted.  Realizing  the  utter  impossibility  of  crystallizing  the  great 

mass  of  gathered  and  analyzed  data  into  a  uniform  and 
systematized  whole,  it  has  been  deemed  advisable  to  accord 
the  matter  treatment  herein  by  the  exploitation  of  cardinal 
features  pertaining  to  each  of  the  undertakings  discussed, 
consolidating,  wherever  possible,  similarity  of  practice  on 
particular  features  by  railways  in  the  same  country,  and 
only  indulging  any  measure  of  detailed  recital  where  such 
practices  embrace  important  points  of  difference.  This 
manner  of  procedure  is  not  only  rendered  practically  impera- 
tive by  the  vast  amount  of  reportorial  matter  calling  for 
mention,  but  is  also  further  especially  emphasized  by  the 
restriction  upon  verbiage  to  be  encompassed  by  report,  as 
prescribed  by  your  Commission. 

Report  based  on  year  1903.  Unless    otherwise    indicated,    information    gazetted    in 

report  relates  to  conditions  and  operations  during  the  year 
1903. 


Order  of  subject  treatment. 


The  several  provident  features  will  be  taken  up  in  the 
order  hereinbefore  announced,  and  each  feature  discussed 
by  "Countries,"  in  the  order  shown  in  the  foregoing  table. 
Where  a  representative  provident  undertaking  is  susceptible 
of  subdivision,  consequent  upon  varying  measures  adopted 
by  different  roads,  each  subdivision  will  be  discussed  in  the 
order  named  herein. 


Statistics  on 
number  of  « 
American  R 


the  operative  results  of  sundry  provident  undertakings,  there  are 


Table  shc"  and  "Superannuation"  Provident  Undertakings,  either    on  Behalf 
t  all  American  Railways  in  this  Connection. 


Ann  Arb 

Atlantic 

fBaltimon 
Bangor  J 
Bessemer^ 
Boston  <Sj 
Boston 
Buffalo, 

Central 
||Chicago 
Chicago 
i  Ihicago 
Chicago 
Cincinna 
Cincinna 
fClevelam 
Cumberl: 

Delaware 

Houston 

Illinois  C 

Lehigh  "V 
Long  Esl 

Maine  C< 

New  Yoi 
Norfolk 

OresjoN  1 


Section 
Foremen 


Other 
Trackmen 


Switchm'n, 

Flagmen 

and 

Watchmen 


55 

534 

267 
3,157 

83 

58 

89 

698 

100 

415 
665 
576 
3,418 
932 

153 

2,400 

127 

1,257 

1,527 

181 

107 

638 
5,723 
6,246 

739 
1,453 

54 

652 

306 

3,438 

128 

1,950 

916 

10,119 

439 
103 

3,030 
52 

165 

895 

788 
305 

8,597 
3,685 

1R9 

QOA 

34 

882 


15 

71 

152 

1,698 

249 

375 

311 

1,727 

1,809 

1S4 

280 


Telegraph 
Operators 
and  Dis- 
patchers 


Employes 

Account 

Floating 

Equipment 


All  Other 
Employes 

and 
Laborers 


32 

1,371 

239 

1,528 

772 
529 

219 

2,171 
289 


45 

120 

393 

14 

?8 

123 

68 

428 

32 

105 

240 

500 

83 

32 

784 

2 

984 

157 

135 

74 

176 

120 

104 

561 

42 

423 

3 

51 

308 

89 

85 

714 

884 

441 

i  it 

fi_<57 

163 

2,172 


84 

122 

1,050 

2,650 

361 

800 

1,941 

2,815 

5,138 

184 

621 


17,767 

643 

4,516 

3,002 
2,001 

618 

3,743 
1 ,008 


Total 

Number 

Employes, 

all  Classes 


1,563 
17,512 


1,370 
2,676 
5,400 
23,205 
4,454 

11,953 

4,988 

32,295 

38,350 

5,449 

5,338 

-------- 

33,307 
5,391 

34,249 

18,621 
5,415 

4,172 

49,852 

15,394 


14 


General  Provident  Statistics  for  American  Railways. 


Recapitulative  Table,  showing,  in  Summarized  Form, 
Total  Mileage  and  Number  of  Employes  for  all 
American  Railways  interested  in  above-mentioned 
Provident  Undertakings,  conformably  with  Replies 
addressed  to  Reporter. 


Country  and  Road 

Mileage 

No.  Employes 

United  States. 
As  per  above  table  (vide  pp.  I9,  13) 

57,417.78 
3,330.30 

424,615 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad _ 

46.378 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad. 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railway 

991.32               8,222 
915.00                7.339 

Cleveland  Terminal  &  Valley  Railroad 
*Pennsylvania  System  (East) 

88.38 

5,297.53 

5,061.45 

250.00 

1,088 
110,729 

Pennsylvania  System  (West)  

54,096 

Quincy,  Omaha  &  Kansas  City  Railway- 

800 

Total,  United  States 

73,351.76 

653,267 

Canada. 
As  per  above  table  {vide  pp.   12,  13) 

12,359.00 
1,342.00 

62,652 

5,525 

13,701.00 

68,177 

Total  for  all  American  roads... . 

87,052.76 

721,444 

*  Total  mileage  for  Pennsylvania  System  (East),  5,297.53  miles,  arrived  at 
by  deducting  aggregate  mileage  of  Cumberland  Valley  and  Long  Island  Rail- 
road Companies  (affiliated  lines),  554,91  miles,  shown  in  preceding  detailed 
statement,  vide  pp.  12,  13.  Total  number  of  employes,  110,729,  arrived  at  by 
adding  aggregate  of  employes  in  service  of  Baltimore,  Chesapeake  &  Atlantic 
Railway  and  Philadelphia  &  Camden  Ferry  Companies  (affiliated  lines),  402,  not 
shown  in  said  detailed  statement. 


General  Provident  Statistics  for  American  Railways. 


15 


Statistics,  all  roads  in  United 
States. 


In  conjunction  with  the  total  mileage  and  number  of 
employes  afforded  in  the  next  preceding  table,  there  is 
given  immediately  hereunder  a  table  showing  statistics  in 
the  same  relation  for  all  railroads  in  the  United  States  for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1903: 


Class 


Employes  by  class. 


Number 
Employes 


General  Officers 

Other  Officers. 

General  Office  Clerks. 

Station  Agents 

Other  Stationmen. 

Enginemen 

Firemen 

Conductors.. 

Other  Trainmen 

Machinists - 

Carpenters - 

Other  Shopmen. 

Section  Foremen 

Other  Trackmen 

Switchmen,  Flagmen,  and  Watchmen.... 
Telegraph  Operators  and  Dispatchers.... 
Employes  account  Floating  Equipment 
All  other  employes  and  laborers. 

Total 


4,842 

5,201 

42,218 

34,892 

120,724 
52,993 
56,041 
39,741 

104,885 
44,819 
56,407 

154,635 
37,101 

300,714 

49,961 

30,984 

7,949 

168,430 


1,312,537 


Mileage. 


Total  mileage  of  roads  in  the  United  States,  205,000  miles. 


Uses  of  tables. 


Comparison  of  these  two  tables  discloses  that  the  railways 
of  the  United  States  embraced  in  report  to  the  Congress, 
for  "insurance,"  "pension,"  and  "superannuation"  under- 
takings, represent  respectively  35.8  per  centum  of  the  total 
mileage,  and  49.7  per  centum  of  the  total  number  of  em- 
ployes, of  the  roads  of  the  entire  country,  while  the  com- 
bined disbursements  for  the  features  named  run  well  up 
into  the  millions  of  dollars  annually. 

These  tables  also  serve  directly  to  demonstrate  the  full 
resources  upon  which  the  railway  provident  undertakings 
may  draw  or  operate  in  the  conduct  of  organizations  whose 


16 


General  Provident  Statistics  for  American  Railways. 


Statistics  on  division  of 
labor. 


Table  of  English  moneys. 


object  is  the  general  protection  and  betterment  of  railway 
employes. 

By  way  of  further  outlining  the  relative  standing  of 
persons  engaged  in  transportation  and  commerce  in  con- 
nection with  the  various  lines  of  industry  in  the  labor  field 
(those  engaged  in  what  are  known  as  the  "professions" 
not  being  included),  there  will  be  offered  statistics  recently 
published  thereon,  under  which  the  situation  is  divided 
into  three  departments,  with  the  following  classification 
and  percentages,  viz.: 


Countries. 

Agriculture, 
Horticul- 
ture AND 
Forestry 

Manufac- 
tures and 
Mining 

Commerce 
and  Trans- 
portation 

United  States 

Percentage 
35.9 
8.0 
12.0 
44.6 
37.5 
58.2 
58.6 
59.4 
37.4 
44.3 
21.1 
30.7 
48.0 
49.8 
49.6 

Percentage 
24.1 
58.3 
60.4 
32.6 
37.4 
22.3 
12.6 
24.5 
40.7 
33.6 
41.6 
33.7 
24.9 
20.9 
22.9 

Percentage 
16.3 

England  and  Wales— 

13.0 

Scotland 

12.4 

Ireland  - 

5.0 

Germany. 

10.6 

Austria 

7.3 

Hungary- 

3.3 

Italy 

7.4 

Switzerland— 

10.7 

France.. 

9.4 

Belgium.. 

11.7 

Netherlands 

17.2 

Denmark.. 

11.8 

Sweden 

7.5 

Norway 

11.7 

For  the  purpose  of  affording  convenient  information  re- 
specting values  of  English  money  of  various  denominations, 
in  general  use,  of  which  mention  is  made  throughout 
report,  the  following  table,  based  on  equivalent  in  coining 
rate  of  the  United  States,  is  presented : 


Denomination 


£, Pound  Sterling,or 

Sovereign 

Five  Pounds 

Two  Pounds. 

Half -Sovereign 

Crown 

Half -Crown 


Equivalent  in 

Coining  Rate 

of    United 

States 


Denomination 


Equivalent  in 

Coining  Rate 

of  United 

States 


$4,866 
24.332 
9.733 
2.433 
1.08.7 
0.54.4 


Florin 

ShiUing 

Sixpence __ 
Fourpence.. 
Threepence 
Twopence ... 
Penny 


$0.43.5 
0.21.7 
0.10.8 
0.07.2 
0.05.4 
0.03.6 
0.01.8 


Insurance. 


America. 

Insurance  sub-classified. 


A. — Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 
America. 

Sub-classification : 

a. — Life    and    Accident   Insurance — regular   or   com- 
mercial. 
b. — Mutual  Insurance. 
c. — Endowment  Insurance.* 
d. — Railway  Relief  Department. 
e. — Employes'  Relief  Association. 


United  States. 


United  States. 


Commercial  insurance 
arrangement. 


Life  and  Accident  Insurance. 
Bangor  &  Aroostook  Railroad  Company. 

(412  miles;  1,370  employes.) 

While  this  Company  conducts  no  regular  insurance  feature 
on  behalf  of  its  employes,  it  arranges  annually  for  a  careful 
canvass  among  the  men,  as  a  whole,  by  representatives  of 
commercial  insurance  companies. 


Inauguration. 


Kind  of  insurance. 


Premium  for 
"hazardous"  classes 


Chicago  &  Alton  Railway  Company. 

(915  miles;  7,339  employes.) 

This  Company  instituted  in  1899  a  plan  to  aid  its  employes 
in  securing  life  and  accident  insurance. 

Contract  entered  into  with  a  prominent  insurance  com- 
pany issuing  both  life  and  accident  policies. 

Company  bears  one-half  the  premium,  on  accident 
insurance,  for  conductors,  baggagemen,  brakemen,  firemen, 
switchmen,  yard  foremen,  and  other  employes  usually 
classified   as  "hazardous  risks." 


*  See  definition  of  term  "  Endowment,"  vide  infra,  "Note,"  p.  283. 

(17) 


18 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


"Non-hazardous"  classes. 


Term  policy  issued. 


Premium  account 
of  term  policy. 


Arrangement  to  terminate. 


Inauguration. 


Examination. 


Maximumladmission  age. 


Premium  rates. 


For  employes  in  the  "non-hazardous"  classes,  and  who 
are  consequently  accorded  low  rates  of  premium,  it  bears 
30  per  centum  of  the  premium. 

In  connection  with  the  accident  insurance  there  is  pro- 
vision for  issuance  of  a  "term"  policy  to  such  employes 
as  may  desire  it,  insuring  for  a  term  not  exceeding  five  (5) 
years,  against  death  from  natural  causes. 

In  aid  of  employe  carrying  a  term  policy,  the  Company 
bears  one-half  the  premium  for  the  first  year,  the  employe 
paying  the  premium  for  the  remaining  years  of  the  term. 
The  term  life  policy  is  issued  only  to  such  as  hold  an  accident 
policy. 

The  President  of  the  Railway  Company  advised  the 
Reporter  that  this  arrangement  is  about  to  terminate, 
the  Insurance  Company  having  notified  of  its  inability  to 
longer  carry  it  out. 

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad  Company. 

(750  miles;  4,988  employes.) 

Company  conducts  its  own  system  of  accident  insurance, 
issuing  its  own  form  of  policy  providing  for  certain  benefits 
in  case  of  accident,  as  well  as  death  benefits  payable  to 
beneficiaries  of  deceased  employes,  the  plan  having  been 
instituted  in  June,  1893. 

No  medical  examination  required  for  admission  to 
membership. 

Persons  65  years  or  more  of  age,  excepting  those  attaining 
that  age  in  the  service,  are  debarred  from  participation. 

Rates  of  premium  are  as  follows: 

Officemen,  Stationmen,  Passenger  Con- 
ductors, Towermen,  and  Flagmen..*^%  of  wages. 

Freight  Trainmen  and  Switchmen. 2%  of  wages. 

All  others 1%  of  wages. 


*  %  =  Per  centum. 


Insurance  and  Relief   Provision. 


19 


Following  are  the  sample  forms  of  application  blank  and 
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20 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Benefits 


Free  attendance. 
Prosthetic  agencies. 


Benefits  are  for: 

Accident:  One-half  of    usual  wages    not  exceeding  50 
weeks,  the  total  not  to  exceed  $1,000. 

Death:  One-half  of  usual  wages  for  one  year  (less  such 
amounts  as  may  have  been  already  paid  to  the  insured), 
and  funeral  expenses  and  physician's  bills  (not  exceed- 
ing $100),  the  total  not  to  exceed  $1,000. 

Free  surgical  attendance  by  Company  surgeons. 

Artificial   limbs  and   other   prosthetic   agencies  not   in- 
cluded in  insurance  contract. 


No  sick  benefits. 
Deficits. 


Administration. 


Sick  benefits  not  paid. 

Company  makes  good  fund  deficiencies,  and  assumes 
absolute  responsibility  for  and  support  and  security  of  the 
fund. 

Managed  by  the  Railway  Company  through  a  special 
representative. 


Inauguration. 


Scheme. 


Basis  of  payments. 


Health  Insurance. 


Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Pacific  Railway  Company. 

(335.92  miles;  5,338  employes.) 

Company  conducts  no  regular  insurance  feature  of  its 
own,  but  in  August,  1897,  inaugurated  a  plan  of  encouraging 
its  employes  to  take  out  insurance  in  a  regular  accident  and 
death  insurance  company. 

Comprehends  accident  insurance,  and  makes  payments 
for  death  and  disability. 

Indemnity  and  risk  based  on  occupations,  exposures,  and 
hazards. 

Health  Insurance  written  exclusively  in  connection  with 
Accident  Insurance,  for  which  weekly  indemnities  do  not 
exceed  three-fourths  of  weekly  accident  indemnity;  the 
health  contract  covering  time  of  actual  confinement  in 
the  house  in  excess  of  the  first  three  (3)  days;  limit  of 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


21 


Policies  written. 


benefits  26  weeks;  and  limit  of  weekly  indemnity  $12.50 
per  week ;  the  rates  being  $6.00  per  year  for  each  $5.00  per 
week  sick  benefit  applied  for. 

Forms  of  policies  written,  and  payments  thereunder,  are : 

a. — Regular  Policy,  52  weeks,  accident  only,  with  a 
minimum  death  indemnity  of  $500,  and  weekly 
indemnity  of  $5.00,  and  a  maximum  death  indemnity 
of  $5,000,  and  weekly  indemnity  of  $25.00;  this 
policy  carrying  the  highest  premiums. 

b. — Regular  Policy,  with  one-third  off,  carrying  same 
minimum  and  maximum  allowances  as  "a"  hereof, 
but  at  rates  one-third  lower,  and  covering  same 
period,  52  weeks. 

c. — Non-Contestable  Policy,  104  weeks,  with  same 
minimum  and  maximum  allowances  as  "a"  and 
"6"  hereof,  and  at  lower  rates. 

d. — Non-Contestable  Policy,  104  weeks,  with  same 
allowances  as  "c"  hereof,  but  at  lower  premium 
rates. 


Sick  benefits. 

No  examination. 
Collections. 

Basis  of  handling  scheme. 


Same  classification  of  policies  are  issued  for  weekly 
indemnity  only,  with  minimum  and  maximum  payments 
of  respectively  $5.00  and  $25.00. 

Medical  examination  not  required. 

Deduction  of  premiums  is  made  monthly  from  the  pay- 
rolls. 

Insurance  Company  practically  secures  its  full  premiums, 
as  it  figures  the  cost  of  soliciting  would  amount  to  about 
41  per  centum  and  it  is  relieved  entirely  of  this  work;  the 
Railway  is  put  to  no  expense  for  the  soliciting  feature,  it 
being  taken  care  of  by  railway  officers  in  connection  with 
their  other  duties;  the  Railway  is  put  to  an  expense  of  about 
$50.00  or  $60.00  a  month  for  its  4  per  centum  of  the  pre- 


22 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Period  of  insurance. 


Territory  covered. 


Maximum  of 
monthly  indemnity. 


Number  employes. 
Insurance  written. 


Prohibitive  ages. 


Financing. 


miums,  while  the  insured  employe  receives  the  benefit  of  a 
full  insurance  for  55  per  centum  of  quoted  and  standard 
rates. 

The  insurance  is  active  only  so  long  as  the  insured  em- 
ploye earns  sufficient  to  pay  the  monthly  premiums. 

The  insurance  policy  covers  only  injuries  received  within 
the  United  States  (not  including  its  parts  beyond  the 
seas),  Canada  and  Mexico. 

Monthly  indemnity  must  not  exceed  three-fourths  of  the 
employe's  average  income. 

At  close  of  1903  there  were  517  employes  in  the  various 
grades,  carrying  insurance  aggregating  $780,100  for  death 
and  $7,097  for  monthly  indemnity. 

Minimum  and  maximum  participating  ages  are  respect- 
ively 18  and  60  years,  these  being  prohibited  risks. 

Annual  receipts,  $12,633.48,  made  up: 

Employes $11,761.92 

Railway  subscriptions 871.56 


General. 


Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company. 

(4,301.10  miles;  34,249  employes.) 

The  Railway  Company  has  simply  made  arrangements 
with  strong  accident  insurance  companies  whereby  the 
most  favorable  rates  are  obtained  for  its  employes  on  the 
entire  system. 


Inauguration. 


Norfolk  &  Western  Railway  Company. 

(1,722  miles;  15,394  employes.) 

Company  has  in  operation  a  plan  of  life  and  accident 
insurance,  under  contract  with  regular  commercial  insurance 
companies,  in  which  its  employes  of  all  classes  insure  for 
protection  against  injury  and  death,  the  arrangement 
having  been  instituted  in  1882. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


23 


Premiums. 
Classification. 


Ordinary  allowances. 


Highest  risks. 


Table  of  indemnity 
based  on  wages. 


Special  premiums. 


Annual  premiums — level  insurance. 

Classification  for  insurance  risk  embraces:  "Select," 
"Preferred,"  "Extra  Preferred,"  "Ordinary,"  "Medium," 
"Special,"  "Hazardous,"  "Extra  Hazardous,"  "Special 
Hazardous,"  "Extra  Special  Hazardous." 

$500  insurance  and  $2.50  weekly  indemnity,  and  $1,000 
insurance  and  $5.00  weekly  indemnity,  are  respectively  the 
minimum  and  maximum  risks  for  the  foregoing  classes; 
the  premiums  operating  on  a  graduated  scale,  from  "Select," 
minimum,  upward  to  "Extra  Special  Hazardous,"  maxi- 
mum; that  is,  all  classes  may  participate  in  these  benefits. 

Highest  risks,  with  corresponding  graduated  premiums, 
$6,000  insurance  and  $30.00  weekly  indemnity,  and  $10,000 
insurance  and  $50.00  weekly  indemnity;  these  risks  being 
confined  to  "Select,"  "Preferred,"  "Extra  Preferred"  and 
"Ordinary"  classes. 

Maximum  amount  of  indemnity  to  wages  subject  to  limit 
for  occupation: 


Monthly  Wages 

Weekly  Wages 

Maximum  Indemnity 

$15.00 

$3.50 

$2.50 

18.00 

4.00 

3.00 

21.00 

5.00 

3.50 

23.00 

5.50 

4.00 

26.00 

6.00 

4.50 

30.00 

7.00 

5.00 

35.00 

8.00 

6.00 

45.00 

10.00 

7.50 

48.00 

11.00 

8.00 

52.00 

12.00 

9.00 

60.00 

13.50 

10.00 

75.00 

17.00 

12.50 

90.00 

20.00 

15.00 

100.00 

23.50 

17.50 

115.00 

27.00 

20.00 

130.00 

30.00 

22.50 

145.00 

33.50 

25.00 

Special  combinations  and  premiums  are  made  for  the 
different  grades  of  employes. 


24 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Premium  concession. 


Collections. 


Membership. 


Premium  concessions  are  based  on  privileges  extended  to 
the  insurance  companies  to  do  business  with  the  employes. 

Railway  collects  the  premiums  for  the  insurance  com- 
panies, by  deduction  on  pay-rolls. 

Number  of   participating  employes  as  of   February    1, 
1904,  was  3,865. 


Accident  insurance. 


Portland  &  Rumford  Falls  Railway  Company. 

(68  miles;  332  employes.) 

Company  conducts  no  regular  form  of  insurance  or  relief 
scheme  for  its  employes,  but  has  an  arrangement  by  which 
it  insures  all  its  employes  against  accident  in  a  specified 
insurance  company,  where  they  do  not  prefer  to  insure  in 
other  companies,  the  Company  paying  the  insurance  in  full. 


Inauguration. 


Premiums. 
Death  indemnity. 
Weekly  indemnity. 
Solicitation. 

Collection. 


Texas  &  Pacific  Railway  Company. 

(1,827  miles;  8,177  employes.) 

Company  has  arrangements  with  various  accident  insur- 
ance companies  whereby  its  employes  are  insured  at  reason- 
able rates  and  under  as  favorable  terms  as  possible,  the 
plan  having  been  started  about  1881. 

Premiums  average  about  $10.20  to  $61.20  per  annum. 

Death  indemnities  range  from  $500  to  $5,000. 

Weekly  indemnities  range  from  $5.00  to  $25.00  per  week. 

Solicitation  done  by  representatives  of  insurance  com- 
panies, to  whom  Railway  Company  furnishes  free  trans- 
portation for  the  purpose. 

Premiums  deducted  on  pay-rolls  of  Railway  Company  in 
four  monthly  installments,  the  insured  signing  a  deduc- 
tion order,  which  is  turned  over  to  Railway  Company  by 
Insurance  Company  for  collection. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


25 


Railway  allowance. 


Number  insured. 


Commercial  insurance. 


Railway  Company  allowed  5  per  centum  on  all  premiums 
collected. 

Average  number  of  participating  employes,  1,250. 

Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company. 

(2,933.7  miles;  15,338  employes.) 

While  this  Company  conducts  no  regularly  organized 
insurance  or  relief  department  for  its  employes,  it  put  into 
operation  January  1,  1901,  a  plan  enabling  the  men  to 
secure  accident-insurance  policies  at  reasonable  rates,  the 
Company  assuming  one-third  of  the  premiums  for  those  in 
the  most  hazardous  occupations  and  one-fourth  of  the  pre- 
miums in  other  grades. 


Mutual  Insurance. 


Inauguration. 


Ann  Arbor  Railroad  Company. 

(291.9  miles;  1,563  employes.) 

In  June,  1899,  the  officers  and  employes  of  the  Company 
organized  an  Employes'  Relief  Association,  which  was  later 
abandoned,  and  the  present  plan  established,  entitled 
"The  Ann  Arbor  Railroad  Employes'  Relief  Association," 
and  the  business  conducted  after  the  manner  of  other 
mutual  insurance  associations. 


Separate  scheme. 
Officers. 

Election  of  Officers. 


Conducted  as  a  separate  department. 

The  officers  are  a  President,  a  Vice-President,  a  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  an  Assistant  Secretary-Treasurer,  and  an  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  eleven  (11)  members. 

Officers  and  Executive  Committee  are  elected  by  delegates 
representing  the  Transportation,  Roadway,  and  Equipment 
Departments  of  the  Railroad  Company;  the  proxies  of  the 
delegates  consisting  of  receipts  for  premiums  paid  by 
employes  in  the  active  service  of  the  Company  for  the 
month  immediately  preceding  the  meeting. 


26 


Insurance  and  Reuef  Provision. 


Financing. 

Total  membership. 
Premium  basis. 


Minimum  premiums  and 
benefits — accident. 


Maximum  premiums  and 
benefits — accident. 


Company  assumes  no  responsibility,  the  Association  being 
operated  on  basis  of  premiums  paid  by  employes  partici- 
pating in  benefits. 

Membership  in  1903  was  850. 

Monthly  premium  assessment  plan,  premiums  being 
based,  for  accident  benefits,  on  hazardous  nature  of  risk, 
and  divided  into  four  grades  of  weekly  indemnity  pay- 
ments, with  five  grades  of  death  benefit  allowances. 

Minimum  premium,  for  Station  Agents  and  Clerks,  25 
cents  per  month,  with  weekly  indemnity  of  $5.00  and  death 
benefit  of  $1,000. 

Maximum  premiums  and  allowances: 

For  Enginemen  and  Firemen,  $1.62  per  month;  weekly 
indemnity,  $10.00;  death  benefit  allowance,  $2,000. 

For  Freight  Brakemen  and  Switchmen,  $1.74  per  month, 
weekly  indemnity,  $7.00;  death  benefit  $700;  there 
is  only  one  assessment  grade  and  scale  of  payments 
for  Freight  Brakemen  and  Switchmen. 

Accident  Table. 

Following  is  table  exhibiting  rates  of  monthly  assessment, 
and  weekly  indemnity  and  death  benefits,  on  account  of 
accident,  including  injury,  accidental  death,  or  sickness: 


Grades 

Monthly  Rates  of  Contribution 

Passenger  Conductors.. 

$0.38 

$0.56 

$0.75 

Freight  Conductors 

1.62 

Passenger  Brakemen. 

.50 

$0.68 

.75 

1.00 

Freight  Brakemen 

$1.74 

Enginemen  and  Firemen  _ 

.81 
.25 
.50 

.50 

1.20 
.37 

.75 

1.62 

Station  Agents  and  Clerks 

.34 
.63 

$0.43 

.50 

Shopmen 

1.00 

Sectionmen. 

$0.43 

Switchmen. 

1.74 

Weekly  Indemnity 

$5.00 

$5.00 

$7.00 

$7.50 

$10.00 

S7.50 

$10.00 

Death  Benefits. 

$500.00 

$1,000.00 

$700.00 

$1,000.00 

$1,000.00 

$1,500.00 

$2,000.00 

Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


27 


Duties  of  Executive 
Committee. 


It  is  the  duty  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  authorize 
payment  of  indemnity  due  members  for  injury,  or  their 
heirs  for  death,  to  settle  or  adjudicate  all  claims  for  injury 
or  death  of  members,  to  provide  hospital  privileges  and 
benefits  for  members,  and  to  set  aside  and  invest  such  part 
of  the  surplus  each  year  as  in  its  judgment  is  equitable  or 
necessary.  The  Committee  also  reports  all  legislation  and 
disbursements  to  the  annual  meeting,  and  also  decides  the 
question  of  withholding  assessments  or  rebating  a  propor- 
tion of  the  surplus. 


Sick  benefits. 


Premiums  and  indemnities. 


Sick  benefits  based  on  level  rates,  without  death-benefit 
allowance,  divided  into  three  classes:  Premium  35  cents 
per  month,  with  weekly  indemnity  of  $5.00;  50  cents  per 
month,  weekly  indemnity  $7.50;  and  70  cents  per  month, 
weekly  indemnity  $10.00. 


Fixed  payments. 

Return  of  undivided  profits. 


Payments  are  fixed,  the  rate  being  adjusted  to  actual 
cost  as  computed  for  some  ten  years,  and  employe-members 
leaving  the  service  are  allotted  their  share  of  the  undivided 
profits.  Where  a  member  leaves  the  service  of  the  Rail- 
road Company  he  is  refunded  such  proportion  of  the  pre- 
miums he  has  paid  in  as  the  total  premiums  paid  in  less  the 
total  expense  would  be  proportionately  due  each  member. 


Funeral  benefit. 


Funeral  benefit  of  $100  paid  in  case  of  death  from  causes 
other  than  accident.  If  member  is  insured  in  both  accident 
and  sick  department,  $50.00  is  taken  from  each  fund;  but 
if  insured  in  only  one  department,  the  full  $100.00  is  paid 
from  the  fund  of  that  department  in  which  insured. 


General  Fund. 
Reserve  Fund. 


One  General  Fund  provided  for  association  purposes. 
This  General  Fund  is  preserved  by  an  authorized  Reserve 
Fund  fixed  at  $6,000,  with  the  interest  accrued  thereon. 


Collections. 


Premiums  deducted  on  monthly  pay-rolls. 


28 


Insurance  and  Reuef  Provision. 


Receipts. 


Total  receipts  to  January  1,  1904,  $41,616.75. 
Receipts  during  1903  amounted  to  $11,686.20,  made  up: 
Premiums — Accident  Department...  $8,274.60 
Premiums — Sickness  Department....     3,411.60 
Average    receipts   per   annum,    based    on    an    operative 
period  of  four  years  and  seven  months,  ending  December 
31,  1903,  about  $9,080.00. 


Disbursements. 


Total  disbursements  to  January  1,  1904,  $36,806.19. 
Disbursements    during    1903    amounted    to    $5,596.44, 
made  up: 

General  Expenses $592.20 

Accident  Department 2,741.40 

Sickness  Department 2,262.84 

Average  disbursements  per  annum,  based  on  operative 
period  above  indicated,  about  $8,000.00. 


Inauguration. 


Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railway  Company. 

(1,015.09  miles;  5,449  employes.) 

Employes  conduct  the  "C,  H.  &  D.  Railway  Company's 
Employes'  Mutual  Benefit  Association,"  organized  October 
4,  1876,  which  maintains  a  fund  for  the  relief  of  members 
during  disablement  by  accident,  and  to  provide  for  their 
dependents  in  case  of  death. 


Assessment  plan. 


Assessment  plan,  with  provision  for  extra  assessments 
when  needed. 


Age  limit. 


Maximum  age  for  membership,  45  years. 


Death  assessment 
and  allowance. 


Per  capita  assessment  on  death  of  member  is  $1.00  for 
class  A  and  $2.00  for  class  B,  the  death  allowance  for  A 
being  $500  and  for  B  $1,000. 


Benefit  period. 


Benefits  extend  for  26  weeks. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


29 


Minimum  benefit  period. 
Accident  benefits. 

Accident  benefits. 


Where  indemnity  exceeds 
endowment. 


Mortality  rate. 
Out-of-service  membership. 


No  benefit  allowed  for  less  than  seven  (7)  days'  disability. 

Accident  benefits  range  from  $5.00  per  week  in  class  A, 
in  case  of  injury,  up  to  $1,000  in  class  B,  for  loss  of  both 
legs,  both  eyes,  or  both  arms,  or  one  leg  and  one  arm. 

Table  of  Weekly  Indemnities  and  Accident  Benefits : 

Weekly  indemnity,  Class  A,  $5.00. 
Weekly  indemnity,  Class  B,  $10.00. 

Accident  Benefits. 


Class  A 

Class  B 

a 
< 

o 

0 
H 

t^ 
fc. 
O 
m 
to 
o 

h4 

K 
O 

For  Loss  of  Both  Legs, 
Both  Eyes  or  Both 
Arms,  or  One  Leg  and 
One  Arm 

w 
>> 
W 
w 
is 
O 
h 
O 

DO 
■9 

0 

J 

BJ 
O 

S 

Pi 
< 
« 
O 
O 
M 
H? 

o 

X 
00 

O 
►J 
# 

o 

For  Loss  or  Both  Legs, 
Both  Eyes  or  Both 
Arms,  or  One  Leg  and 
One  Arm 

w 

>> 
W 

N 
§ 
O 
h 
O 
09 
■ 
O 

» 

o 

$250.00 

$500.00 

$100.00 

$500.00 

$1,000.00 

$200.00 

And  in  case  of  death,  whether  by  disease  or  accident, 
$500.00,  in  Class  A,  and  $1,000.00,  in  Class  B,  is  paid  to 
the  heirs. 

When  a  member  receives  an  amount  for  indemnity  in  one 
payment  equal  to  an  endowment,  he  ceases  to  be  a  member, 
and  his  name  is  stricken  from  the  rolls. 

Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  12.4. 

Member  leaving  service  of  Railroad  Company  may  con- 
tinue his  membership  by  paying  all  calls  within  the  required 
time,  unless  discharged  for  drunkenness  or  theft. 


Number  member*. 


Total  membership,  1,610. 


30 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Endowment  Insurance. 


Andrew  Carnegie 
Relief  Fund. 


Beginning  of  railroad 
membership. 


Endowment  Insurance. 
Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad  Company. 

(207  miles;  2,676  employes.) 

The  Company  (as  a  distinctive  member  of  the  Carnegie 
Steel  Company  of  New  Jersey,  discussed  hereinafter  under 
"K — Public  or  Private  (Outside)  Provision")  is  a  member 
of  the  "Andrew  Carnegie  Relief  Fund,"  promoted  and 
maintained  under  an  endowment  fund  of  $4,000,000, 
donated  by  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  which  fund  provides 
accident  and  death  benefits  and  pension  allowances,  and 
became  effective  as  of  January  1,  1902. 

The  Railroad  Company  was  absorbed  by  the  Carnegie 
interests,  thereby  becoming  a  constituent  member  thereof, 
on  December  22,  1896. 


Participants. 


All  classes  of  employes  are  benefit  participants. 


Fund  maintenance. 


Employes  are  not  required  to  contribute  in  any  way 
toward  maintenance  of  the  fund,  benefits  or  allowances 
being  gratuities  growing  out  of  the  basis  of  fund  creation. 


Accident  benefits. 


Accident  benefits : 

Single  men,  75  cents  per  diem  for  a  maximum  period  of 

52  weeks,  and  half  rates  thereafter. 
Married  men,  $1.00  per  diem  for   a   maximum   period 

of  52  weeks,  with  an  additional  benefit  of  10  cents 

for  each  child  under  16  years  of  age  on  date  of 

injury;  half  rates  after  52  weeks. 


Death  benefits. 


Death  benefits: 

Maximum  payment  in  any  case,  $1,200. 
a. — $500  to  widow  of  deceased. 
b. — $100  additional  for    each  child  under  16  years  of 

age  on  date  of  death. 
c. — $500  for  relatives  of  unmarried  employe,  provided 
he  was  sole  support  of,  or  a  regular  contributor 
to  support  of,  such  relative  or  relatives. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


31 


investment  of  fund.  Principal  sum  of  endowment  invested  in  bonds  of  the 

Steel  Company,  and  all  increment  arising  from  operations 
is,  under  terms  of  agreement,  applied  to  the  purposes  of 
the  trust  conditions. 

Deficits.  Provision  for  meeting  fund  deficiencies  by  ratable  reduc- 

tion in  allowances. 

Total  disbursements.  Total  disbursements  for  railway  employes  since  inaugura- 

tion, $9,168.75,  made  up: 

Accident  benefits $4,788.75 

Death  benefits 4,380.00 


Annual  disbursements. 


Origin  of  Relief 
Department  in 
United  States. 


Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 


Similarity  of  administration. 


Characteristics. 


Average  disbursements  per  annum,  $4,584.37. 

Railway  Relief  Department. 
The  purely  representative  Relief  Department,  so  styled, 
established  and  conducted  as  a  distinctive  branch  of  the 
railway  corporation  with  which  identified,  had  its  origin, 
in  the  United  States,  with  the  organization  of  the  Relief 
Department  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  on 
February  15,  1886.  The  employes  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad  Company  had  previously,  on  May  1 ,  1880,  established 
a  Relief  Association,  operated  independently  of  the  Com- 
pany, and  which  was  succeeded  by  the  present  Company 
Relief  Department,  established  April  1,  1889.  Investigation 
and  examination  show  that  the  relief  schemes  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Companies 
have  served  as  the  models  for  like  undertakings  instituted 
subsequently  by  roads  in  different  parts  of  the  country, 
and  this  element  of  similarity,  both  in  general  scheme  out- 
lining and  operative  detailing,  makes  unnecessary  extended 
detailed  recital  in  this  relation  of  the  prominent  administra- 
tive features  of  the  several  Relief  Departments  encompassed 
by  reportorial  results,  and  there  will,  therefore,  only  be 
presented  such  aspects  of  these  departments  as  evidence 
marked  differentiations  from  those  common  to  the  two 
organizations  herein  specified. 

Relief  Funds  may  be  properly  styled   "mutual  benefit 
associations,"  as  under  their  operations  each  member  prac- 


32 


Insurance  and  Reuef  Provision. 


Voluntary  membership. 


tically  contributes  for  the  joint  welfare  of  himself  and  fel- 
low members,  and  with  company  co-operation  the  duration 
of  mutual  assistance  is  unlimited.  Membership  is  purely 
voluntary.  As  a  matter  of  fact  "compulsory"  membership 
is  prohibited  by  the  United  States  Arbitration  Act  of  June 
1,  1898.  It  is  sometimes  held  that  membership  is  nomi- 
nally voluntary  but  practically  compulsory.  This  view 
undoubtedly  arises  from  the  circumstance  that  the  com- 
panies, in  accordance  with  the  principle  observed  by  all 
large  business  undertakings  requiring  the  constant  employ- 
ment of  large  numbers  of  men,  exercise  the  generally  con- 
ceded right  to  decide  upon  the  physical  fitness  and  general 
qualifications  of  applicants  for  positions  in  their  service. 
In  carrying  out  this  principle  the  discriminations  made 
between  applicants  may  appear  to  the  uninformed  to  indi- 
cate a  disposition  to  enforce  "compulsory"  membership. 
This  is,  however,  an  entirely  erroneous  conclusion,  as  such 
a  course  is  of  paramount  importance  with  railroads  for 
safeguarding  the  interests  of  the  public  as  well  as  their 
own. 


Membership  status. 


Basis  of  fund  stability. 


The  question  of  joining  the  fund  is  laid  before  new  em- 
ployes without  the  slightest  pressure  one  way  or  another. 
There  are  no  cases  on  record  to  the  Reporter's  knowledge 
where  an  employe  has  been  dismissed  from  service  simply 
because  he  refused  to  become  a  member  of  the  Relief  Fund, 
or  rejected  for  employment  on  account  of  his  declining,  if 
employed,  to  become  a  member  of  the  organization.  It  is 
entirely  optional  with  the  employe  after  he  has  become  a 
member  of  the  Relief  Fund  to  resign  from  it  at  any  time  he 
may  see  fit,  and  his  status  with  the  company  as  an  employe 
is  not  affected  by  such  action  on  his  part. 

The  stability  of  relief  departments  is  based  altogether 
on  the  extent  to  which  the  railroad  companies  assume 
responsibility  for  their  operations  and  are  willing  to  guar- 
antee their  financial  obligations.  The  members  are  thus 
doubly  protected,  first  by  their  own  contributions  and 
next  by  the  promise  and  ability  of  the  companies  to  make 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


33 


up  any  deficiency  which  may  occur.  There  is,  therefore,  a 
direct  mutual  interest  between  the  members  and  the  com- 
panies. There  is  no  encroachment  on  other  plans  of  relief 
or  insurance  which  may  have  enlisted  the  support  of  em- 
ployes. 


Purposes  of  contributions. 


Death  benefit  an 
incidental  feature. 


Return  of  contributions 
precluded. 


Members'  rights  in  fund 
and  at  law  for  accident 
disablement. 


Contributions  are  intended  primarily  for  the  purpose  of 
assuring  sick  or  disabled  members  of  a  designated  monthly 
income  at  a  time  when  most  needed,  and  in  providing  this 
income  promptly. 

The  payment  of  death  benefits  is  an  incidental  feature 
of  the  plan,  whose  presence  stands  for  a  logical  constituent 
of  the  chief  factors — sickness  and  accident — from  the  fact 
that  it  insures  deceased  members  respectable  burial,  and 
intervenes  to  prevent  the  possible  immediate  impoverish- 
ment of  their  families. 

No  provision  is  made  for  the  return  to  members  of  the 
relief  fund,  leaving  either  the  service  or  the  fund,  of  any 
proportion  of  their  contributions,  for  the  reason  that  during 
their  connection  therewith  they  have  been  protected 
against  sickness  and  accident  at  a  minimum  cost,  and  to 
make  repayments  would  necessitate  an  increase  in  rates, 
which  would  entail  added  expense  to  all  the  members. 
It  is  also  a  fact  that  the  laws  of  some  States  prohibit  the  con- 
tinuance of  fund  death  benefits  after  employes  leave  the 
service  of  the  interested  corporation,  as  being  an  infringe- 
ment on  and  violation  of  existing  legislation  for  the 
government  of  insurance  practice. 

An  important  point  in  connection  with  the  operation  of 
relief  funds  is  the  question  of  a  member's  right  to  have 
recourse  to  action  at  law  against  the  interested  railroad 
companies  in  lieu  of  accepting  accident  benefits  extended 
by  the  funds.  To  understand  this  point  it  must  be  borne 
in  mind,  primarily,  that  the  applicant  for  fund  membership 
enters  into  an  agreement  with  the  fund  to  accept,  in  the 
event  of  sustaining  disablement  injury  while  in  the  ser- 
vice and  in  the  performance  of  service  duties,  the  accident 
benefits  specifically  prescribed  in  fund  regulations.  This 
is  a  distinct  agreement,  with  a  good  and  valid  considera- 


34  Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 

— 

tion,  made  between  proper  contracting  parties,  and,  there- 
fore, invested  with  due  legal  status.  By  becoming  volun- 
tarily a  party  to  the  agreement,  the  applicant  should  live 
up  to  its  terms,  any  overt  or  serious  violation  of  which 
should,  and  does,  result  in  relinquishment  by  the  violating 
party  of  the  benefits  that  would  otherwise  have  accrued  to 
him  thereunder.  The  companies  by  reason  of  guarantee- 
ing that  all  obligations  of  the  funds  will  be  met,  also  pay- 
ing their  deficiencies,  and  contributing  the  entire  amount 
necessary  in  the  conduct  of  their  operations,  clearly  assume 
responsibilities  which  warrant  them  in  asking  employe 
applicants  to  enter  into  the  agreement  referred  to.  By 
entering  into  such  contract  the  member  is  invested  with 
a  fixed  and  certain  rate  of  compensation,  while  the  com- 
panies are  always  in  position  to  determine  the  extent  of 
their  financial  obligation,  and  accord  each  case  prompt 
and  systematic  treatment.  The  object  contemplated  by 
the  agreement  is  the  safeguarding  of  both  the  funds  and 
the  associated  or  interested  railroad  companies,  by  the 
introduction  of  provisions  that  are  plainly  set  forth  and  as 
well  serve  equally  the  best  interests  of  both  parties  to  the 
contract.  This  manner  of  fund  agreement  does  not  deprive 
the  member  from  instituting  legal  proceedings  instead  of 
taking  the  rate  of  compensation  offered  by  the  fund.  It 
does  provide,  however,  that  where  the  member  disregards 
his  plain  obligations  under  its  terms,  he  thereupon  forfeits 
his  rights  to  fund  benefits,  and  the  question  of  company 
compensation  will  then  depend  wholly  upon  the  merits 
of  the  case  from  a  purely  legal  standpoint. 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad  Company. 

(4,138.87  miles;  17,512  employes.) 

inauguration.  Relief   feature   instituted   April    1,    1899.     The    present 

department,  styled  the  "Atlantic  Coast  Line  Relief  Depart- 
ment," is  the  outcome  of  merger  of  the  Plant  System 
Relief  and  Hospital  Department,  established  July  1,  1896, 
into  the  Relief  Department  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line 
Railroad  Company,  under  amended  regulations  effective 
December  1,  1902. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


35 


Participants. 
Membership  age. 
Fund  security. 
Total  membership. 


All  classes  of  employes  eligible  to  membership. 
Maximum  age  for  membership,  45  years,  6  months. 
Company  assumes  full  responsibility  for  the  Fund. 

Membership  in  1903  was  8,129,  or  about  62   per  centum 
of  total  working  force. 


Distribution  of  membership.         Distribution  of  membership  among  the  several  grades  is 
as  follows: 

Class.  Percentage. 

General  Office  and  Station  employes 23 

Trainmen,  Yardmen,  and  Telegraphers. 23 

Enginemen  and  Firemen 12 

Machine  and  Car-shop  employes 25 

Track  Department  employes 17 


Fund  classification. 


Additional  benefits. 


Accident  benefits. 


Sickness  benefits. 


Hospital  treatment. 


For  purposes  of  Fund  contributions  and  payments  member- 
ship is  divided  into  five  classes,  and  these  classes,  as  well 
as  membership  contributions  and  benefit  payments,  corre- 
spond with  those  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Relief 
Department  (vide  infra),  with  certain  exceptions  as  herein- 
after set  forth. 

Contributions  may  be  made  for  from  one  to  fifteen 
additional  death  benefits,  according  to  class. 

Benefits  paid  for  each  day  of  disability  classed  as  due  to 
accident  for  a  period  not  longer  than  fifty-two  (52)  weeks, 
and  at  half  rates  thereafter  during  continuance  of  disability. 

Benefits  paid  for  each  day,  except  the  first  six  (6)  days, 
of  disability  classed  as  due  to  sickness,  for  a  period  not 
longer  than  fifty-two  (52)  weeks,  at  the  same  rates  as  for 
accident  benefits ;  with  provision  by  the  Department  for  free 
medical  treatment  of  the  member,  in  one  of  the  hospitals 
under  its  control,  in  cases  of  disability,  classed  as  due  to 
sickness  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  medical  examiners  of 
the  Department,  may  require  such  treatment  thereat,  and 
when  approved  by  the  superintendent  or  chief  surgeon. 


36 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Members'  families  given 
hospital  treatment. 


Dependent  members  of  the  families  of  members  of  the 
Fund  are  received  in  the  Department  hospitals  for  medical 
or  surgical  treatment,  and  for  this  privilege  reasonable 
rates  are  made  and  permits  granted  by  the  superintendent 
or  chief  surgeon. 


Table  of  death  benefits  and 
additional  death  benefits 


Table  of  Contributions  and  Death  Benefits. 
Following  table  shows  the  total  monthly  contribution 
for  a  member  of  any  class,  the  amount  of  total  death 
benefit,  and  the  number  of  additional  death  benefits  of  the 
first  class  included  therein,  the  columns  under  "Ages" 
referring  to  the  age  at  which  membership  in  the  Relief 
Fund  began: 


Pat     per    Month 
Less  than  $35.00 

Pat     ^er    Month 
$35.00  or  More, 
but    Less  than 
$55.00 

Pay     per     Month 
$55.00  or  More, 
but    Less  than 
$75.00 

Pay     per     Month 
$75.00  or  More, 
but    Less  than 
$95.00 

Pat     per     Month 
$95.00  or  More 

1st  Class 

2nd  Class 

3rd  Class 

4th  Class 

5th  Class 

Benefits 
50  Cts.  per  Day 

Benefits 
$1.00  per  Day 

Benefits 
$1.50  per  Day 

Benefits 
$2.00  per  Day 

Benefits 
$2.50  per  Day 

H 

z 

z 
o 

3E 

oK 
es  w 

2  < 

S  a 

Ages 

■< 

Z 
O 

U  H 

"<  z 
a  w 
offl 

PS  K 

a  E-< 
P3  ■< 
S  w 
pQ 

Ages 

a 
< 
z 

0 

<  z 

s£ 

«  M 

a  h 
M  «! 

a« 
pQ 
iz; 

Ages 

< 
z 

0 

Es 

g£ 
<  z 

&£ 

p:  x 
a  h 
«  <! 
?  a 
pQ 
iz; 

Ages 

0 

z 

0 

&  H 

a  ^ 

&£ 

Pi  X 
a  fr> 

pQ 
iz; 

Ages 

« 

PQ 
n 

H 

-< 
H 

Q 
j 

■< 

E« 
O 

H 

« 

B 

og 

<! 

E<  a 

OjH 

H  91 
O  PS 

o£ 

Z£ 

Tf    PS 

go 
o 

« 
a 
> 

w  Pi 
h  a 
oJh 

iz; 

E*  «3 
O  PS 

*t 

g* 

<o 
o 

t»o 
o 

PS 

a 

og 

h  a 
0[x 

iz; 

H  to 
O  Pi 

iz;  < 
«  w 

Z^ 

■<© 

Pig 

;>o 
o 

Pi 
a 

> 

O  « 
«( 

h  a 

0>i 

iz; 

fn   0) 
O   PS 

^j 
g*M 

«© 

^  *Z 

•*  Pi 

«B 

ax 

>o 
o 

pi 
a 

> 

og 

h  a 
o;* 

h  03 

O  Pi 
"!§ 

>c 

Tf  PS 

^  a 

£o 
o 

$250 
500 
750 
1,000 
1,250 
1,500 
1,750 
2,000 
2,250 
2,500 
2,750 
3,000 
3,250 
3,500 
3,750 
4,000 
4,250 
4,500 
4,750 
5,000 

0 
1 
2 
3 

$0  75 
1   05 
1  35 
1  65 

$0  75 
1  20 

1  65 

2  10 

0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

$1  50 

1  80 

2  10 
2  40 

2  70 

3  00 
3  30 

$1  50 

1  95 

2  40 

2  85 

3  30 

3  75 

4  20 

0 
1 
2 
3 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

$2  25 
2  55 

2  85 

3  15 
3  45 

3  75 

4  05 
4  35 
4  65 
4  95 

$2  25 

2  70 

3  15 

3  60 

4  05 
4  50 

4  95 

5  40 

5  85 

6  30 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

$3  00 
3  30 
3  60 

3  90 

4  20 
4  50 

4  80 

5  10 
5  40 

5  70 

6  00 
6  30 
6  60 

$3  00 
3  45 

3  90 

4  35 

4  80 

5  25 

5  70 

6  15 

6  60 

7  05 
7  50 

7  95 

8  40 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

$3  75 
4  05 
4  35 
4  65 

4  95 

5  25 
5  55 

5  85 

6  15 
6  45 

6  75 

7  05 
7  35 
7  65 

7  95 

8  25 

$3  75 
4  20 

4  65 

5  10 

5  55 

6  00 
6  45 

6  90 

7  35 

7  80 

8  25 

8  70 

9  15 
9  60 

10  05 
10  50 

Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


37 


Class  for  employe  not  over 
age  45. 


Employe  not  over  45  years  of  age  may,  under  prescribed 
conditions,  become  a  member  in  the  highest  class  allowed 
by  his  pay,  or  in  any  lower  class,  with  or  without  additional 
death  benefits  of  the  first  class  not  greater  in  the  aggregate 
than  three  times  the  death  benefits  of  the  class  he  enters. 


Change  to  higher  class  by 
member  not  over  age  45. 


Member  not  over  45  years  of  age  may,  under  prescribed 
conditions,  change  to  any  higher  class  allowed  by  his  pay, 
or  take  additional  death  benefits  of  the  first  class  to  such 
extent  that  the  aggregate  of  additional  death  benefits 
shall  not  exceed  three  times  the  death  benefit  of  the  class 
in  which  he  is  or  becomes  a  member. 


All  members  may  change. 


Any  member  may  change  to  a  lower  class,  or  relinquish 
all  or  a  part  of  his  additional  death  benefits. 


Reduction  in  class  does  not 
reduce  death  benefit. 


Employe  cannot  remain  a  member  in  a  class  higher  than 
that  allowed  by  his  pay,  but  when  the  pay  of  a  member  is 
reduced  he  shall  not  be  required  to  make  any  change  in  the 
amount  of  his  death  benefit;  and  any  excess  of  death 
benefit  above  that  to  which  he  is  entitled  by  his  new  class 
is  treated  as  additional  death  benefit. 


Out-of-service  membership.  Ariy  member  who  has  been  continuously  in  the  service 

three  (3)  years,  and  a  member  of  the  Relief  Fund  one  (1) 
year  immediately  preceding  termination  of  his  employment 
in  the  Company's  service,  may  continue  his  membership 
thereafter,  but  only  in  respect  of  the  minimum  death  benefit 
which  he  has  held  at  any  time  during  the  last  year,  or  of 
any  smaller  amount,  upon  making  supplementary  applica- 
tion therefor  on  the  prescribed  form  before  termination  of 
employment,  or  within  five  days  thereafter. 

When  a  member  contributing  for  death  benefit  only  after 
termination  of  service  is  again  re-employed,  he  shall  there- 
upon resume  full  membership  if  physically  qualified. 


38 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Terms  used  account  of 
relief  from  service. 


In  indicating  the  relations  to  the  Company's  service  of 
employes  relieved  of  employment  and  pay  therein  the  follow- 
ing terms  are  used: 

"Resigned." — For  those  voluntarily  leaving  the  service 
and  giving  notice  to  employing  officer. 

"Relieved  Account  Reduction  Force." — For  those  re- 
lieved on  account  of  necessary  reduction  of  force. 

"Discharged." — For  those  dismissed  "for  cause." 

"Quit." — For  those  who  leave  without  notice  to  employ- 
ing officer. 

"Furloughed." — For  those  who  have  been  granted  leave 
of  absence  for  a  special  time. 

"Suspended." — For  those  temporarily  relieved  as  a 
penalty  for  offence. 


Commutation  of  allowance 
by  payment  of  lump  sum. 


In  any  case  of  grave  injury  or  chronic  sickness  where  the 
member  desires  to  accept  a  lump  sum  in  lieu  of  the  benefits 
which  might  become  due  to  him  or  on  his  account,  and  in 
full  of  all  obligations  of  the  Department  or  Company  arising 
from  his  membership  or  service,  the  Superintendent  has 
authority  to  make  full  and  final  settlement  with  such 
member  on  such  terms  as  may  be  agreed  upon  in  writing. 


What  acceptance  of 
membership  benefits 
involves. 


Acceptance  by  the  member  of  benefits  for  injury  operate 
as  a  release  and  satisfaction  of  all  claims  against  the  Com- 
pany, and  all  other  companies  associated  therewith,  for 
damages  arising  from  or  growing  out  of  such  injury;  and, 
further,  in  the  event  of  the  death  of  a  member  no  part  of  the 
death  benefit  or  unpaid  disability  benefit  will  be  due  or 
payable  unless  and  until  good  and  sufficient  releases  are 
delivered  to  the  Superintendent  of  all  claims  against  the 
Relief  Department,  as  well  as  against  the  Company,  and  all 
other  companies  associated  therewith,  arising  from  or 
growing  out  of  the  death  of  the  member,  said  releases  having 
been  duly  executed  by  all  who  might  legally  assert  such 
claims;  and,  further,  if  any  suit  is  brought  against  the 
Company,  or  any  other  company  associated  therewith,  for 
damages  arising  from  or  growing  out  of  injury  or  death 
occurring  to  a  member,  the  benefits  otherwise  payable,  and 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


39 


all  obligations  of  the  Relief  Department  and  of  the  Company 
created  by  the  membership  of  such  member  in  the  Relief 
Department,  will  thereupon  be  forfeited  without  any 
declaration  or  other  act  by  the  Relief  Department  or  the 
Company ;  but  the  Superintendent  may,  in  his  discretion, 
waive  such  forfeiture  upon  condition  that  all  pending  suits 
are  first  dismissed. 


Claims  fettled  without 
suit  or  by  compromise. 


If  a  claim  for  damages  on  account  of  injuries  is  settled  by 
the  Company,  or  any  company  associated  therewith,  with- 
out suit,  or  by  compromise,  such  settlement  will  release  the 
Relief  Department  and  the  Company  from  all  claims  for 
benefits  on  account  of  such  injuries. 


Total  receipts. 


Total    receipts    since    inauguration,    $409,385.12,    from 
following  sources: 

From  membership 306,817.86 

From  Company 98,690.23 

From  other  sources  (Hospitals) 3,877.03 


Annual  receipts. 


Average  receipts  per  annum,  all  sources,  $87,725.38. 


Total  disbursements. 


Total    disbursements    since    inauguration,    $386,231.33, 
made  up: 

Membership  benefits: 

Accident $35,576.90 

Sickness 86,219.70 

Death 117,241.92 

$239,038.52 

Operating  expenses 96,863.49 

Other  expenses  (Surgical  and  Hos- 
pitals)       50,329.32 


Annual  disbursements. 


Average     disbursements,     all     expenses,     per     annum, 
$82,763.83. 


40 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  System. 

(4,410  miles;  55,688  employes.) 


Inauguration. 


Early  title. 


Establishment  of 
present  plan. 


The  first  organization  providing  so-called  "relief"  features 
for  railway  employes  was  established  in  connection  with 
this  Company  on  May  1,  1880,  and  was  known  as  the 
"Employes'  Relief  Association  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad  Company."  Membership  was  originally  voluntary 
for  all  persons  in  the  service  prior  to  May  1,  1880  ;  subse- 
quently all  persons  entering  the  service,  except  officers 
whose  salary  amounted  to  $2,000  or  more  annually,  and 
those  whose  duties  were  not  of  a  hazardous  character, 
were  obliged  to  join  the  organization.  The  charter  of 
the  association  in  question,  of  May  3,  1882,  was  repealed 
in  1888,  whereupon  the  Company,  on  March  15,  1889, 
established  a  Relief  Department  as  a  regular  part  of  its 
service,  assuming  the  liabilities  of  the  old  association, 
winding  up  its  existence,  and  taking  into  membership 
about  95  per  centum  of  its  members,  or  about  19,467  out 
of  20,606. 


Financing. 


At  the  start  the  Company  paid  all  operating  expenses  of 
the  association,  but  when  the  pension  feature  was  put  into 
active  operation,  October  1,  1884,  the  Company  expenditure 
was  discontinued,  and  same  is  borne  by  membership  con- 
tributions; the  Company  does,  however,  still  contribute  a 
portion  of  this  amount,  in  the  form  of  an  annual  contribution 
of  $6,000  for  support  of  the  relief  feature,  or,  when  not 
needed  in  that  relation,  for  the  support  of  the  pension 
adjunct;  and  also  contributes  $10,000  annually  for  the 
physical  examination  of  employes. 


Superannuation  and 
annuities  originally 
contemplated. 


The  original  organization  contemplated  the  operation 
of  superannuation  and  annuity  features  in  conjunction 
with  the  ordinary  relief  scheme,  but  the  plan  not  meeting 
with  success,  it  was  superseded-  by  the  present  pension 
feature. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


41 


Three  distinct 
features  involved. 


As  now  constituted,  the  Relief  Department  includes  three 
distinct  sections — namely,  the  Relief  feature,  the  Pension 
feature,  and  the  Savings  feature. 


Company  control. 


The  entire  Department  is  under  the  charge  and  financial 
control  of  the  President  and  Directors  of  the  Company. 
The  Company  assumes  general  charge  of  the  Department ; 
provides  office  room  and  furniture;  gives  the  service  of  its 
officers  and  employes  and  the  use  of  its  facilities;  becomes 
the  custodian  of  its  funds,  with  responsibility  therefor ;  and 
guarantees  the  true  and  faithful  performance  of  the  obliga- 
tions of  the  Department  in  conformity  with  established 
regulations. 


Officered. 


Officers  of  the  Department  are  appointed  by  the  President. 


Administration. 


Administrative  and  managerial  functions  are  distributed 
as  follows: 

a. — Committee  on  the  Relief  Department,  composed  of 
directors  or  officers  of  the  Company,  appointed  by 
the  President,  which  has  charge  of  the  operations  of 
the  Department,  and  may  make  any  changes  in  exist- 
ing regulations  it  may  deem  necessary.  New  regula- 
tions will  be  operative  only  when  approved  by  the 
President  and  directors  of  the  Company. 


-Advisory  Committees,  two  (2)  in  number,  one  (1) 
for  lines  and  divisions  east,  and  one  (1)  for  the  lines 
and  divisions  west,  of  the  Ohio  River.  Each  com- 
mittee consists  of  seven  (7)  members,  including  the 
chairman.  The  General  Manager  east  of  the  Ohio 
River  is,  ex  officio,  chairman  of  one,  and  the  General 
Manager  west  of  said  river  is,  ex  officio,  chairman  of 
the  other  committee.       The  other  members  of  each 


42  Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


committee  are  elected  annually  by  the  members  of 
the  Relief  feature  employed  on  the  several  lines  or 
divisions  east  and  west  of  the  Ohio  River,  respectively, 
from  among  themselves — two  (2)  by  the  vote  of  those 
employed  in  the  Machinery  Department,  two  (2)  by 
the  vote  of  those  employed  in  the  Transportation 
Department,  and  two  (2)  by  the  vote  of  those 
employed  in  the  Road  Department. 
The  election  is  by  ballot,  each  member  being  entitled 
to  one  (1)  vote  for  the  representative  or  representa- 
tives of  the  Department  in  which  he  is  employed. 
The  ballots  are  returned  to  the  General  Manager,  and 
by  him  forwarded  to  the  Superintendent  of  the  Relief 
Department,  to  be  counted  by  tellers  appointed  by 
the  Committee  on  the  Relief  Department.  Result 
ascertained  by  tellers  is  reported  by  the  Superintend- 
ent to  the  General  Managers,  who  notify  the  mem- 
bers elected. 


c. — Operating  Committee,  consisting  of  three  members 
appointed  and  constituted  by  Committee  on  Relief 
Department,  and  which  passes  upon  applications 
for  loans  from  the  savings  feature,  also  upon 
applications  for  pensions ;  also  in  first  instance  passes 
on  all  appeals  from  Superintendent  of  the  Depart- 
ment. 


Superintendent.  Superintendent    of    Relief    Department,    aided    by    an 

Assistant  Superintendent  and  a  Chief  Clerk,  has  immediate 
charge  of  the  conduct  of  business  of  the  Department. 


Membership  grading.  Membership  is  graded  in  accordance  with  rate  of  monthly 

pay. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


43 


Table  of  contributions 
and  benefits. 


Following  is  a  table  showing  contributions  of  and  benefits 
to  members  of  the  Department : 


Contributions  and  Benefits  of  Members  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 

Relief  Department. 


Disablement  Benefits 

Contributions 
per    Month 

per   Day,  Not  Includ- 
ing   Sundays    and 

Death  Benefits 

Legal  Holidays 

Class  and  Wages 

4J    .  VO 

per  Month 

o 
■> 

s 

u 

s 

_o 
'5! 

"> 

5 

•d 

a 
o 
u 

V 

m 

For  accident  on 
duty 

For  sickness,  fir 
52  weeks,  not  i 
eluding    first 
workdays. 

a 

u 

!° 

'3 
0 
< 

Sickness 

t?:~.«.    c.    Thereaf- 

FweSeks     teruntil 
recovery 

Ordi- 
nary 

Maxi- 
mum 

A  (not  more  than  $35).. 

$1.00 

$0.75 

$0.50  |  $0.25 

$0.50 

$500 

$250 

$1250 

B  (bet.  $35  and  $50) 

2.00 

1.50 

1.00         .50 

1.00 

1000 

500 

1250 

C  (bet.  $50  and  $75) 

3.00 

2.25 

1.50         .75 

1.50 

1500 

750 

1250 

D  (bet.  $75  and  $100)... 

4.00 

3.00 

2.00       1.00 

2.00 

2000 

1000 

1250 

E  (more  than  $100) 

5.00 

3.75 

2.50 

1.25 

2.50 

2500 

1250 

1250 

Two  general  classes.  Above  table  involves  division  of  members  into  two  general 

classes,  viz.: 

1st  Class — Those  engaged  in  operating  trains  or  rolling 

stock. 
2nd  Class — Those  not  engaged  as  indicated  for  1st  class. 


Subdivision  of  classes. 


Further  subdivision  is  made  into  classes  A,  B,  C,  D,  and 
E,  in  accordance  with  average  monthly  pay  as  indicated. 


Restrictions  on 
non-hazardous  membership. 


Officers,  clerks,  telegraphers,  and  others  of  like  occupa- 
tion not  exposed  to  accidents  may  insure  for  natural  death 
benefits  only,  or  for  natural  death  and  sick  benefits;  cost 
of  each  such  benefit  being  25  cents  per  month,  which  is  also 
the  cost  of  additional  natural  death  benefits. 


44 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Nature  of  membership  held. 


Additional  benefits. 


Higher  or  lower  class 
according  to  change  in  pay. 


Class  basis. 


Monthly  contributions 
and  returns. 


Out-of-service  membership. 


All  persons  employed  may  acquire  membership  in  either 
the  natural  death  or  sick  benefit,  or  both,  upon  compliance 
with  the  conditions  thereto  attaching. 

Additional  benefits:  A  member  already  in  the  service 
must  be  under  50  years  of  age  and  able  to  pass  satisfactory 
physical  examination  to  gain  admission  to  a  class  or  grade 
of  benefits  higher  than  that  based  on  his  earnings ;  for  a  new 
member  the  age  limit  is  45  years. 

When  a  member's  pay  is  increased  beyond  the  limit  of  the 
class  in  which  he  contributes,  he  will  enter  the  correspond- 
ingly higher  class;  and  he  may  enter  the  correspondingly 
lower  class  if  his  pay  is  reduced ;  in  either  case  he  must  make 
a  new  application,  without  medical  examination,  to  corre- 
spond with  the  change;  change  of  occupation,  involving 
change  from  first  to  second  class  (division),  or  vice  versa, 
calls  for  new  application  and  change  of  rate  contribution. 

Class  to  which  a  member  is  to  be  assigned  is  ascertained 
by  multiplying  his  average  daily  wages  by  26,  the  average 
number  of  working  days  in  a  month. 

The  amount  to  be  contributed  or  returned  for  a  part  of  a 
month  is  ascertained  on  the  basis  of  thirty  (30)  days  per 
month,  adding  to  make  even  cents  where  fractions  occur. 

Contributions  are  due  on  the  first  day  of  each  calendar 
month,  and  are  ordinarily  made  by  the  appropriation  of 
wages  earned  in  the  preceding  month.  The  first  contri- 
bution is  for  the  unexpired  part  of  the  month  in  which  the 
application  takes  effect  and  for  the  whole  of  the  next 
month. 

Contribution  of  a  member  who  enters  and  leaves  the 
service  in  the  same  month,  is  only  for  the  period  between 
the  date  his  application  takes  effect  and  that  on  which  he 
leaves  the  service. 

A  member  who,  at  the  time  his  employment  ceases,  is  dis- 
abled by  injury  or  sickness,  continues  to  receive  the  bene- 
fits therefor  during  the  period  provided    by  Department 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


45 


Preference  account 
service  employment. 


Transportation  privileges. 


Special  provision  for 
njured  members. 


Age  limits. 


Occupation  age  limits. 


regulations,  and  during  such  period  retains  the  death  benefit 
covered  by  his  application.  After  the  expiration  of  said 
period  he  may  retain  his  natural  death  benefit  only,  by 
making  application  as  provided  within  ten  (10)  days  from 
the  date  of  the  last  payment  of  benefits  on  account  of  such 
injury  or  sickness;  otherwise  his  membership  will  wholly 
cease  from  that  date. 

In  reductions  of  force,  temporary  or  permanent,  preference 
as  to  retention  in  the  service  will  be  given  members  of  the 
Relief  feature,  other  things  being  equal,  over  those  in  the 
same  grades  of  service  who  are  not  connected  with  said 
feature. 

Members  of  the  Fund  in  the  service  of  the  Company, 
their  wives  and  children,  fathers,  mothers,  brothers,  or 
sisters,  wholly  dependent  upon  them  for  support,  are 
entitled  to  travel  over  all  the  lines  of  the  Railroad  Com- 
pany at  one-half  the  rates  charged  the  public  for  trans- 
portation only.  The  children  of  such  members,  under 
sixteen  (16)  years  of  age,  travel  free  over  all  lines  when 
going  to  or  returning  from  daily  school.  Furloughed  or 
suspended  members,  and  pensioners  who  retain  their 
natural  death  benefit,  are  entitled  to  the  same  privileges. 

All  members  injured  in  the  service  of  the  Company,  and 
in  discharge  of  their  duty,  to  such  a  degree  as  to  inca- 
pacitate them  from  earning  a  livelihood  at  their  usual 
occupations,  are  provided  so  far  as  possible  with  such 
positions  in  the  service  as  they  can  efficiently  fill. 

No  person  admitted  to  membership  if  over  45  years  of 
age,  without  approval  of  President  of  Company.  Maxi- 
mum and  minimum  age  limits  are  established  by  the 
Company  for  various  occupations : 

Conductors... 24  to  38  years. 

Brakemen 21  to  30  years — experienced  men,  33. 

Firemen 21  to  28  years — experienced  men,  33. 

Enginemen 24  to  38  years. 

Train  Dispatchers.. 21  to  35  years. 

Operators 18  to  35  years. 

Station  Agents 20  to  40  years. 


46 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Mortality  rate. 


Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  10.56. 


Fund  receipts. 


Total  receipts  since  inauguration,  $9,520,628.80,  made  up: 

Membership..... $8,730,415.40 

Company 344,590.75 

Other  sources 445,622.65 

$9,520,628.80 


Average  and  actual 
annual  receipts. 


Fund  disbursements. 


Average  receipts  per  annum,  $410,962.38. 
Receipts  from  all  sources  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,   1903,  aggregated  $775,646.43,  made  up: 

From  members $712,595.82 

From  Company  towards  oper- 
ating expenses. 10,000.00 

From  Company  for  Relief  fea- 
ture reserve  fund 6,000.00 

Interest      on      securities      and 

monthly  balances 35,115.04 

Bonds  redeemed 10,000.00 

From  miscellaneous 1,935.57 

$775,646.43 

Total  disbursements  since  inauguration,   $8,691,061.88, 
made  up : 

Accident  benefits. ....$1,468,259.96 

Sickness  benefits 2,257,336.38 

Death  benefits 3,781,304.95 

$7,506,901.29 

Operating  expenses 931,373.04 

Other  expenses 252,787.55 

$8,691,061.88 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


47 


Average  and  actual 
annual  disbursement. 


Average  disbursements  per  annum,  $375,153.75. 
Disbursements  for  all  purposes  during  the   fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1903,  aggregated  $732,102.97,  made  up: 


Death  benefits,  accident $178,500.00 

Death  benefits,  natural. _ 152,090.00 

Disablement  benefits,  accident..  129,362.60 

Disablement  benefits,  sickness...  178,867.38 

Surgical  expenses 14,909.81 

Contributions    refunded    mem- 
bers   12,274.68 

Advances  to  members  for  pur- 
chase of  artificial  limbs,  etc 2,564.80 

Operating  expenses.. 68,076.18 


$736,645.45 


Add  outstanding  or- 
ders on  Treasurer, 
June  30,  1902 $24,722.45 

Less  orders  returned 

and  canceled 5,347.53 


19,374.92 

$756,020.37 
Outstanding   orders   on   Treas- 
urer, June  30,  1903 23,917.40 


$732,102.97 


Total  membership. 


Total  membership  June  30,  1903,  41,783,  or  about  90  per 
centum  of  entire  working  force  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad  Company,  the  membership  consisting  exclusively 
of  employes  of  that  Company. 

The  total  membership  is  distributed  between  the 
"hazardous"  and  "non-hazardous"  occupations  in  the 
following  proportions,  viz.: 


Hazardous 28.75  per  centum. 

Non-hazardous 71.25  per  centum. 


48 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Disposition  of  surplus  funds. 


Surplus  funds  of  Relief  feature  at  the  close  of  each  fiscal 
year  are  disposed  of  in  accordance  with  determination  of 
Committee  on  the  Relief  Department;  whether  to  decrease 
the  next  year's  contributions ;  to  increase  the  amount  pay- 
able for  natural  death;  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the 
Pension  feature  or  otherwise  promote  the  interest  of  those 
contributing  thereto. 


Investments. 


Investments  for  the  several  features  of  the  Department 
are  directed  by  the  Committee  on  the  Relief  Department. 


Custody  of  moneys 
and  securities. 


All  moneys  and  securities  of  the  Department,  with  the 
exception  of  the  mortgages  made  to  secure  loans  from  the 
Savings  feature,  are  entrusted  to  the  official  custody  of 
the  Treasurer  of  the  Company,  to  be  held  subject  to  proper 
requisitions.  All  such  securities  are  held  in  the  name  of 
the  Company  "in  trust  for  the  Relief  Department." 

Cheques  issued  by  the  Superintendent  of  the  Relief  De- 
partment will  be  cashed  by  the  Treasurer,  or  any  bonded 
agent  or  cashier  of  the  Company  having  Company's  funds 
in  his  possession,  and  such  cheques  may  be  used  as  cash  or 
vouchers  in  settlement  with  the  Accounting  Department- 


Number  of  employes  by  grades.  Following  is  table  showing  numerical  strength  of  the 
several  grades  of  employes  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  System 
as  of  March  31,  1904,  including  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road Company,  with  3,330.30  miles,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Southwestern  Railroad  Company,  with  991.32  miles,  and 
the  Cleveland  Terminal  &  Valley  Railroad  Company,  with 
88.38  miles : 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


49 


Department 

B.  &0.  R.  R. 

B.  &0.  S.W. 
R.  R. 

C.  T.  &  V. 
R.  R. 

General  Officers  and  Miscellaneous 

(Including  General  Officers,  Clerks  of  General  Offi- 
cers, Purchasing  Agent,  Stationer,  Relief  Depart- 
ment,  Dining  Car  and  Restaurant  Department, 
Elevators,  Warehouses,  etc.)                    

1,586 

621 

19,466 

12,405 
12,300 

109 

165 
3,073 

2,874 
2,001 

Traffic  Department 

(Including  all  employes  in  Freight  and  Passenger 
traffic  offices)                 

Conducting  Transportation  Department 

(Including  all  Agents,  Operators,  Yardmen,  Con- 
ductors, Brakemen,  Engineers,  and  Firemen) 

Maintenance  of  Way  Department 

(Including  Superintendent  of  Maintenance  of  Way 
office,  Signal  Engineer,  Engineer  of  Bridges  and 
Buildings,   Bridge  Hands,  Section  Men,   and  all 
emploves  of  the  Engineer  Department) 

594 

294 

Motive  Power  Department 

(Including  all  Motive  Power  officers  and  clerks, 
and  all  shop  employes)  

200 

Totals 

46,378 

8,222 

1,088 

Number  of  employes  by 
grades,  and  distribution 
in  Relief  Department 
membership. 


Following  table  shows  the  full  numerical  strength  of 
each  grade  of  employes,  with  the  distribution  by  number 
and  percentage  in  Relief  Department  membership,  for 
respectively  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company  and 
the  Cleveland  Terminal  &  Valley  Railroad  Company,  as 
of  March  31,  1904  (the  latter  Company  conducting  its 
own  Relief  Department,  which  is  discussed  herein,  in 
detail,  at  page  54) : 


B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

B.  &  O.  S.  W.  R.  R. 

C  T.  &  V.  R.  R. 

CL>SS 

Total 

Number 

Employes 

Number 
in  Relief 
Fund 

|->  55  Z 

05b  u 

Total 

Number 

Employes 

W  J 

g  W  Q 

£    M 

M    U 

a,£o 

Sap 

o5b  3 

01 

2  3* 
HfcW 

P5« 

W  J 

^  >»  D 

*5b 

Ka2 

J   Z   >r 

M  p  3 
o!b  <J 

Officers,  Agents,  Clerks,  etc. 

Telegraph  OperatorsA 

Conductors,  all  trains 

8,277     4,612  55.72 
1,152        311!  27.00 
1,223     1.17996.40 

'    1,698 
178 
187 
376 
234 
238 
446 
1,991 
2,874 

267 

17 

17 

60 

25 

22 

210 

200 

270 

M)8T 

158 

1 

17 

49 

23 

20 

179 

183 

153 

59.18 

5.88 
100.00 

Brakemen,  all  trains 

3,190 

3,123  97.90 

81.67 

Enginemen,  all  trains 

1,94S 

1,910  98.05 

92.00 

Firemen,  all  trains 

2,080 

3,639 

12,206 

12,325 

1,885 

3,269 

10,965 

8,129 

90.63 

90.91 

Yardmen 

S9.83 
89.83 
65.96 
22.49 

85.24 

Shopmen •. 

Trackmen 

91.50 
56.67 

Floating  Equipment 

338 

76 

TotaL 

46,378  35,459 

76.46 

8,222 

' 

783 

71.97 

50 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Accounting  method.  Under  the  system  of  accounting  for  Department  trans- 

actions, the  Auditing  Department  of  the  Company  keeps 
an  account  with  the  Relief  feature,  to  which  account  is 
credited  all  moneys  collected  on  pay-rolls  and  through 
agents  for  that  feature,  and  against  this  is  charged  the 
cheques  issued  by  the  Department  on  the  Treasurer,  when 
paid. 

Accounts  are  kept  in  the  Department  with  members, 
showing  the  contributions  paid  by  each  and  the  benefits 
the  member  has  received ;  also  an  account  with  the  Treasurer 
corresponding  to  the  account  on  the  Auditor's  books  with 
the  Relief  feature. 

A  General  Ledger  and  Journal,  a  Record  of  Cheques,  and 
a  Member's  Ledger,  or  Register,  are  also  used  by  the 
Department  in  keeping  the  accounts  of  the  Relief  feature. 


Inauguration. 


Classification. 


Contributions. 


Benefit  basis. 


Accident  and 
Sickness  benefits. 


Benefit  periods. 


Chicago,  Burlington  &  Ouincy  Railway  Company. 

(8,324  miles;  38,350  employes.) 

Conducts  the  "Burlington  Voluntary  Relief  Department," 
established  March  15,  1889,  beginning  operations  June  1, 
1889,  and  operated  on  lines  corresponding  with  those  ob- 
taining with  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  vide  infra. 

Classification  of  membership  same  as  with  Pennsylvania 
Railroad;  that  is,  five  (5)  classes,  or  1st,  2nd,  3rd,  4th,  and 
5th  class. 

Contributions  graded  by  class,  same  as  with  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  vide  infra. 

Benefits  determined  on  basis  of  class  membership. 

Scale  of  Accident  and  Sickness  benefits,  per  diem: 

Classes,       ist  2nd  3rd  4th  5th 

Accident $0.50    $1.00    $1.50    $2.00    $2.50 

Sickness 50      1.00      1.50     2.00      2.50 

Benefit  periods: 

For  Accident,  52  weeks  at  full  rates,  and  half  rates 
thereafter  during  disability. 

For  Sickness,  52  weeks  at  full  rates,  and  52  weeks  at 
half  rates;  no  benefits  paid  for  first  six  (6)  days,  except 
in  cases  of  relapse. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


51 


Table  of  Benefits. 

Table  showing  monthly  pay  admitting  to  the  several 
classes,  the  rates  of  contributions  and  disability  benefits, 
and  the  minimum  and  maximum  death  benefit  of  any 
class :  * 


Any  Amount 

$35.00  or  More 

$55.00  or  More 

$75.00  or  More 

$95.00  or  More 

1st  Class 

2nd  Class 

3rd  Class 

4th  Class 

5th  Class 

Benefits 
50  Cts.  per    Day 

Benefits 
$1.00  per    Day 

Benefits 
$1.50  per   Day 

Benefits 
$2.00  per    Day 

Benefits 
$2.50  per    Day 

E 
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$300     0 

SO. 75  S0.75iS0.75 
1.05    1.20     1.35 

600     1 

0 

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$1.50  $1.50  SI. 50 
1.80     1.95    2.10 

900 i    2 

1.35 
1.65 

0 

1 

S2.25 
2.55 

$2.25 
2.70 

$2.25 

1,200     3 

2.10    2.10 

2.70 

2.85 

6 

$3.00 

$3.00 

$3.00 

1.500 
1,800 
2,100 
2,400 

3 

4 
5 
6 

2.40 
2.70 
3.00 
3.30 

2 
3 
4 
5 

2.85 
3.15 
3.45 
3.75 

3.15 
3.60 

3.45 
4.05 

i 

2 
3 
4 

1 
3.30    3.45    3.60     0 

$3.75  $3.75 

$3.75 

3.601    3.901   4.20 
3.90    4.351   4.80 

1 

2 
3 

4.05    4.20    4.35 

4.35;   4.651   4.95 

4.20 

4.80    5.40 

4.65!   5.10    5.55 

2,700 
3,000 
3,300 
3,600 

6 

7 
8 
9 

4.05 
4.35 
4.65 
4.95 

5 

4.50 
4.80 
5.10 
5.40 

4 
5 
6 
7 

4.95    5.55 
5.25    6.00 

6.15 

6 
7 
8 

6.75 

5.55 
5.85 



! 

3,900 
4,200 
4,500 
4,800 

9  '    5.70 

10  6.00 

11  1   6.30 

12  6.60 

8 

9 

10 

11 

6.15 
6.45 
6.75 
7.05 

i 

5,100 
5,400 
5,700 
6,000 

12 
13 
14 
15 

7.35 
7.65 
7.95 
8.25 

! 

1 1 1 

*  In  addition  to  death  benefit  shown  in  this  table,  members  may  take  extra  accident  death  benefits  not 
greater  in  the  aggregate  than  twice  the  death  benefit  of  their  class,  without  regard  to  age  or  physical  condition. 
The  monthly  rate  of  contribution  for  each  extra  accident  death  benefit  is  15  cents.  This  allows  a  member  in  the 
first  class  to  carry  extra  accident  death  benefit  of  $600;  second  class,  $1,200;  third  class,  $1,800:  fourth  class, 
$2,400;  fifth  class,  $3,000.  Under  this  arrangement  a  member  of  the  fifth  class  is  enabled  to  take  death  bene- 
fits aggregating  $9,000.  * 


52 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Commutation  of  allowance 
by  payment  of  lump  sum. 


Where  a  member  receives  accidental  injuries  producing 
the  immediate  severing  of,  or  necessitating,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  medical  officers  of  the  Department,  the  amputation 
of,  a  hand  or  a  foot  at  or  above  the  wrist  or  ankle,  he  may 
receive  daily  benefits  and  payment  of  surgical  bills  as  pro- 
vided by  regulations,  also  an  artificial  limb  when  such  can 
be  worn,  or,  in  lieu  thereof  and  in  full  of  all  claims  or 
demands  of  whatsoever  nature  against  the  Department 
and  the  Company,  and  upon  executing  a  release  to  this 
effect  satisfactory  to  the  Superintendent,  he  may  receive 
the  following-  amounts: 


1st  class $800 

2nd  class _ 1,400 

3rd  class 2,000 

4th  class..... _. 2,600 

5th  class 3,200 

and  twice  these  amounts  in  case  of  loss  of  both  hands  or 
both  feet  or  of  one  hand  and  one  foot. 

In  any  case  of  grave  injury  or  chronic  sickness  where 
the  member  desires  to  accept  a  lump  sum  in  lieu  of  the 
benefits  which  might  become  due  to  him  or  on  his  account, 
and  in  full  of  all  obligations  of  the  Department  or  Com- 
pany arising  from  his  membership  or  service,  the  Super- 
intendent has  authority  to  make  full  and  final  settlement 
with  such  member  on  such  terms  as  may  be  agreed  upon 
in  writing. 


Out-of-service  membership. 


Any  member  who  has  been  continuously  in  the  service 
three  (3)  years,  and  a  member  of  the  Relief  Fund  one  (1) 
year  immediately  preceding  termination  of  his  employ- 
ment, may  continue  his  membership  thereafter,  but  only 
in  respect  of  the  minimum  death  benefit  which  he  has 
held  at  any  time  during  the  last  year,  or  of  any  smaller 
amount,  upon  making  supplementary  application  therefor 
on  the  prescribed  form  before  termination  of  employ- 
ment, or  within  five  (5)  days  thereafter. 


Defrayal  of  funeral  or  other 
urgent  expenses. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


53 


A  part  of  the  death  benefit,  not  to  exceed  $200,  may, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  Superintendent,  be  paid  before 
final  settlement,  to  meet  funeral  or  other  urgent  expenses 
incident  to  the  death  of  a  member. 


Age  limit. 
Mortality  rate. 
Fund  receipts. 


Fund  disbursements. 


Custodianship  of  fund 
moneys. 


Deficits. 


Maximum  age  for  admission,  45  years ;  no  minimum  age. 

Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  8.7. 

Total  receipts  since  institution    to    December  31,   1903, 

$4,368,215.69,  made  up: 

Membership $4,197,912.42 

Company  (deficiencies).        42,532.94 
Other  sources. ._ 127,770.33 

Average  receipts  per  annum,  all  sources,  $337,489.90. 

Total  disbursements  since  institution  to  December  31, 
1903,  $4,592,579.36,  made  up: 

Accident  benefits $1,432,372.94 

Sickness  benefits 1,127,247.00 

Death  benefits 1,167,019.50 

$3,726,639.44 

Operating    expenses    (paid   bv   Com- 
pany)       865,939.92 

Average  disbursements  per  annum,  all  expenses, 
$332,504.71. 

Monevs  received  for  the  Relief  Fund  are  held  by  the  Com- 
pany in  trust  for  the  Department.  The  committee,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  may  invest  money 
not  required  for  current  use.  Securities  for  such  invest- 
ments are  in  the  name  of  the  Company  "in  trust  for  the 
Relief  Department."  To  maintain  a  reasonable  cash 
balance  in  the  Fund,  the  Company  may  sell  or  secure  a 
loan  upon  such  securities;  but  if  there  are  no  securities 
upon  which  money  may  be  realized  or  no  money  in  the 
Relief  Fund,  the  Company  temporarily  advances,  without 
charge  to  the  Fund,  such  money  as  is  necessary  to  meet 
obligations  of  the  Department  as  they  become  due. 


54  Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 

Total  membership.  Membership   December  31,    1903,    22,141,   or   about   58 

per  centum  of  entire  working  force. 

Distribution  of  membership.  The  various  grades  of  employes  participate  in  member- 
ship in  the  following  percentage  proportions  of  their  entire 
numerical  strength : 

Class.  Percentage. 

Locomotive  Engineers 95.97 

Locomotive  Firemen  96.56 

Conductors _ 90.09 

Brakemen... 96.82 

Switchmen 96.39 

Total  Train,  Engine  and  Yardmen....  95.59 

Ail  others _ 48.87 


Inauguration. 


Regulations. 


Separate  department. 


Receipts. 


Disbursements. 


Cleveland  Terminal  &  Valley  Railroad  Company. 

(88.38  miles;  1,088  employes.) 

Conducts  the  "Cleveland  Terminal  &  Valley  Railroad 
Relief  Department,"  organized  November  1,  1895. 

Regulations  and  general  conditions  same  as  those  obtain- 
ing with  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Relief  Department,  vide  supra. 

Separate  department,  but  conducted  by  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Relief  Department,  the  accounts  being  kept  distinct 
from  those  of  latter  organization. 

Total  receipts  during  1903,  representing  purely  member- 
ship contributions,  amounted  to  $17,148.65. 

Total  disbursements  during  1903  amounted  to  $9,304.42, 
made  up  as  follows : 

Accidental  death  $2,000.00 

Natural  death 500.00 

Disablement  from  accident 3,126.67 

Disablement  from  natural  causes.. 3,094.95 

Surgical  expenses 582.80 


Total  membership. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


55 


Membership   at   end   of    1903    was   995,    distributed   as 
follows : 

Hazardous  class 399 

Non-hazardous  class 596 


Inauguration. 


No  examination. 


No  age  conditions. 


Management. 


Membership  contributions. 


Company  contribution. 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  Company. 

(1.39S  miles;  18,621  employes.) 

Conducts  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  "Relief  Fund," 
established  in  January,  1878,  which  makes  provision  for 
members  in  case  of  accident,  and  their  families  in  event  of 
their  death  from  accident,  no  sick  benefits  being  paid. 

No  examination  or  special  procedure  for  admission  to 
Fund  benefits. 

Age  conditions  do  not  apply,  all  employes  being  permitted 
to  contribute  for  and  receive  benefits. 

In  immediate  charge  of  the  General  Manager  of  the 
Railroad  Company  and  a  Treasurer  who  is  an  officer  of 
the  Railroad  Company,  appointed  by  the  President  of  the 
Company,  its  affairs  being  controlled  by  the  Railroad, 
which  assumes  responsibility  and  bears  all  expense  of 
management. 

Contributions  made  on  following  basis :  When  Fund  needs 
replenishing  the  Treasurer  issues  notice  accordingly,  when 
subscription  sheets  are  distributed,  on  which  employes 
sign  their  names  and  specify  the  amounts  which  they 
authorize  to  be  deducted  from  their  wages  on  the  pay-rolls. 
Employes  may  contribute  one  day's  wages  or  less,  under 
each  call  for  contribution,  but  in  no  case  is  the  amount  to 
exceed  $3.00.  These  calls  are  made  at  intervals  of  four  or 
five  months. 

Company  contributes  an  amount  equal  to  the  aggregate 
of  that  paid  by  all  contributors. 


56 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Basis  of  allowances. 


Allowance  period. 


Burial  benefit. 


Distribution  among 
representatives. 


Benefits  are  paid  on  basis  of  contributions  to  credit  of 
members  at  time  of  injury.  Employes  receive  accident 
benefits,  at  rate  of  three-fourths  of  amount  of  contributions 
for  the  "call"  during  which  injured,  for  every  week-day, 
exclusive  of  holidays,  for  a  maximum  period  of  nine  months, 
if  disability  so  long  continues. 

Fifty  dollars  is  appropriated  for  burial  expenses;  and 
monthly,  for  two  years  from  time  of  employe's  decease,  an 
allowance  for  every  working  day,  at  the  daily  rate  of  three- 
fourths  of  amount  of  his  contributions.  The  amount  of 
physicians'  and  surgeons'  bills,  for  services  rendered,  is 
deducted  from  such  appropriation,  and  balance  paid  to 
following  persons,  in  the  order  named,  viz.,  the  widow 
(provided  she  shall  remain  unmarried,  and  provided  also 
that  she  shall  not  have  been  separated  and  living  apart 
from  her  husband  at  the  time  of  his  decease) ;  child  or 
children  under  16  years  of  age;  mother;  father;  brother  or 
brothers  and  sister  or  sisters  under  16  years  of  age. 


Artificial  limbs. 
No  refund. 

Fund  receipts. 


Fund  defrays  the  cost  of  artificial  limbs. 

Contributions  are  not   refunded,   regardless  of  whether 
employes  leave  the  service  voluntarily  or  are  dismissed. 

Total  receipts  since  inauguration,  $938,796.52,  made  up: 

Membership $469,398.26 

Company 469,398.26 


$938,796.52 


Average  annual  receipts. 


Fund  disbursements. 


Average  annual 
disbursements. 


Average  receipts  per  annum,  $36,107.56,  made  up: 

Membership $18,053.78 

Company _ 18,053.78 


$36,107.56 


Total    disbursements    since    inauguration,    $924,236.35, 
made  up  of  payments  for  accident  and  death  claims. 

Average  disbursements  per  annum,  $35,547.55,  for  acci- 
dent and  death. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


57 


Mortality  rate. 


Total  membership. 


Distribution  of  membership. 


Accounting. 


Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  .003 
per  centum. 

Membership  in  1903,  6,505,  or  about  35  per  centum  of 
entire  working  force. 

The  various  grades  of  employes  participate  in  member- 
ship in  the  following  percentage  proportions  of  their  entire 
numerical  strength: 

Class.  Percentage. 

Employes    in    Train    Service,    Enginemen, 

Firemen,  Conductors,  and  Brakemen 80.9 

Employes  in  Maintenance  of  Way  Depart- 
ment   31.3 

Employes   in    Maintenance   of   Equipment 

Department 32.1 

Records  of  membership  are  kept  in  the  office  of  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Fund.  For  each  and  every  "call"  there 
is  a  complete  register  of  all  contributors  made. 

The  Fund  is  subject  to  written  orders  drawn  upon  it 
jointly  by  the  Division  Superintendents  and  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  classes  to  which  the  beneficiaries  belong, 
which  orders  must  be  approved  by  the  General  Manager 
of  the  Company.  The  orders  then  go  to  the  Treasurer  for 
payment. 


Inauguration. 


Management. 


Long  Island  Railroad  Company. 

(391.76  miles;  5,415  employes.) 

Conducts  the  "Long  Island  Railroad  Employes'  Mutual 
Relief  Association,"  organized  January  1,  1886,  which 
provides  for  disablement  and  death  benefits,  and  embraces 
all  classes  of  employes. 

Fund  management  is  vested  in  a  Committee  of  Manage- 
ment, consisting  of  nine  (9)  members  of  the  Association, 
one  of  whom  is  the  President  of  the  Railroad  Company, 
ex  officio,  who  has  the  appointment  of  three  members,  the 
remaining  five  being  elected  by  contributors  to  the  Fund. 


58 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Financing. 


Supported  by  membership  contributions,  the  Railroad 
allowing  interest  on  cash  balances,  and  also  maintaining  an 
office  for  transaction  of  Association  business,  and  paying 
the  Secretary's  salary. 


Basis  of  membership 
contributions. 


Membership    contributions    based    on    salary,    and    are 
deducted,  in  advance,  on  pay-rolls  of  Railroad  Company. 


Scale  of  contributions  and  allowances: 


Scale  of  contributions 
and  allowances. 


Class 

Salary 

Dues  ptr 
Month 

Weekly 

Sick 
Benefits 

Death 

Benefits 

1st 
2nd 

$60  and  over  per  month... 

Between  $40  and  $60  per 

month 

$1.00 

.75 
.50 

$9.00 

6.75 
4.50 

$400.00 
300.00 

3rd 

$40  and  under  per  month.. 

200.00 

Benefit  period. 


Sick  benefits  begin  with  the  eighth  day,  and  continue 
for  six  (6)  months.  For  accident,  not  less  than  seven 
days  nor  more  than  six  (6)  months. 


No  special  benefits.  Members  not  allowed  to  enter  class  calling  for  benefits 

higher  than  those  based  upon  wage  earnings.     No  additional 
death  benefits. 


Custodianship  of  fund 
moneys. 


Moneys  belonging  to  the  Fund  of  the  Association,  not 
needed  for  immediate  use,  are  invested  by  the  Committee 
of  Management  in  such  first-class  securities  as  it  may  deem 
safe  and  best ;  and  all  such  securities  and  moneys  necessary 
to  meet  current  expenses  are  entrusted  to  the  custody  of 
the  Railroad  Company,  to  be  held  subject  to  the  requisi- 
tion of  said  committee. 


Out -of -service  membership. 


Full  membership  may  be  retained  after  leaving  the  ser- 
vice of  Company,  by  payment  of  contributions  therefor. 


Railway  guarantee. 


Fund  receipts. 


Fund  disbursements. 


Mortality  rate. 


Total  membership. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision.  59 

Railroad  Company  guarantees  the  support  and  security 
of  the  Fund  to  the  extent  of  $10,000. 

Total  receipts  since  inauguration,  $382,395.00. 
Average  receipts  per  annum,  $21,244.17. 

Receipts  (including  cash  balance  from   preceding  year) 
for  year  ending  January  31,  1904,  $58,884.32,  made  up: 

From  members $41,565.25 

Interest  allowed  by  Railroad  Com- 
pany on  Association  cash  balance        840.50 
Cash  balance  February  1,  1903 16,478.57 

$58,884.32 

Total  disbursements  since  inauguration,  $367,233.00. 
Average  disbursements  per  annum,  $20,401.83. 
Disbursements   during   year   ending  January   31,    1904, 
$42,186.86,  made  up: 

Disablement    benefits,     account    of 

injuries — $10,373.34 

Disablement    benefits,    account    of 

natural  causes 15,011.37 

Death  benefits,  account  of  injuries...     7,300.00 

Death  benefits,  account  of  natural 

causes 9,300.00 

$41,984.71 

Stationery  and  printing 202.15 

$42,186.86 

Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  about 
14. 

Membership  4,700,  or  about  87  per  centum  of  total  work- 
ing force. 


60 


Insurance  and  Reuef  Provision. 


Associated  roads 
East  of  Pittsburgh. 


Inauguration 
East  of  Pittsburgh. 


First  independent 
relief  organization. 


Associated  roads 
West  of  Pittsburgh. 


Pennsylvania  System  East  and  West  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

(10,913.89  miles;  172,024  employes.) 

System  East  of  Pittsburgh. 

(5,852.44  miles;  117,928  employes.) 

The  System  East  of  Pittsburgh  includes  the  following  com- 
panies associated  in  joint  administration  of  Relief  Depart- 
ment, viz.: 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  including: 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Division, 
United  Railroads  of  New  Jersey  Division, 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad  Division, 
Buffalo  &  Allegheny  Valley  Division,  and 
Northern  Central  Railway  Company; 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore  &  Washington  Railroad  Com- 
pany; 
West  Jersey  &  Seashore  Railroad  Company. 
The   associated   companies   above   named   represent   an 
aggregate  mileage  of  5,208.87  miles,  and  110,327  employes, 
the   remaining   total    system   mileage,    643.57   miles,    and 
employes    numbering     7,601,     being    distributed     among 
affiliated  and  subsidiary  companies. 

Although  the  subject  had  been  urged  upon  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  by  its  em- 
ployes as  far  back  as  1874,  the  department  was  not  finally 
organized  until  February  15,  1886,  with  the  title  "The 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Voluntary  Relief  Department." 

This  was  the  first  absolutely  independent  Relief  organiza- 
tion formed  in  the  United  States  for  railroad  employes,  in 
that  it  is  possessed  of  a  complete  and  distinctive  autonomy, 
wholly  disassociated  from  any  other  provident  feature. 

System  West  of  Pittsburgh. 

(5,061.45  miles;  54,096  employes.) 

The  System  West  of  Pittsburgh  includes  the  following  com- 
panies associated  in  joint  administration  of  Relief  Depart- 
ment, viz.: 

Pennsylvania  Company; 

Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  Chicago   &  St.   Louis  Railway 

Company  ; 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railway  Company; 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


61 


Inauguration 
West  of  Pittsburgh. 


Meaning  of  Associated 
Companies. 


Joint  consideration 
for  plans. 


Objects. 


Accident,  Sickness, 
and  Death  benefits. 


Railroad  Company's 
responsibility  and 
assumption. 


Terre  Haute  &  Logansport  Railway  Company; 

Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad  Company; 

Wavnesburg  &   Washington   Railroad  Company; 

Cincinnati,  Lebanon  &  Northern  Railway  Company ; 

Newport  &  Cincinnati  Bridge  Company; 

Wheeling  Terminal  Railway  Company; 

Cleveland,  Akron  &  Columbus  Railway  Company. 
The  associated  companies  above  named  represent  an 
aggregate  mileage  of  4,137.99  miles,  and  49,066  employes, 
the  remaining  total  system  mileage,  923.46  miles,  and 
employes  numbering  5,030,  being  distributed  among 
affiliated  and  subsidiary  companies. 

The  Relief  Department,  a  practical  facsimile  of  that  of 
the  Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh,  was  organized  July  1,  1889, 
and  entitled  "The  Voluntary  Relief  Department  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh." 

The  railway  companies  above  enumerated  represent  what 
are  known  as  the  associated  companies  in  the  operations  of 
the  Relief  schemes  of  the  entire  System,  their  joint  co- 
operation having  been  duly  provided  for,  from  time  to 
time,  by  their  respective  Boards  of  Directors  on  the  basis 
of  agreements  specially  framed  and  executed  for  the  purpose. 

Unless,  therefore,  results  consequent  upon  physical 
differences  in  operation  of  the  two  parts  of  the  System  shall 
develop  marked  differences  in  showing  for  Relief  features 
common  to  both,  the  Relief  plans  will  be  discussed  herein 
conjointly. 

The  objects  of  the  Department  are  stated  as  being: 
The  establishment  of  a  fund,  to  be  known  as  "The  Relief 
Fund,"  for  the  payment  of  definite  amounts  to  employes 
contributing  thereto,  who,  under  the  Regulations,  may  be 
entitled  to  benefits  therefrom,  when  they  are  disabled  by 
accident  or  sickness,  and  in  the  event  of  their  death  to  the 
relatives  or  other  beneficiaries  designated  in  the  applications 
for  fund  membership. 

The  Railroad  Company  has  general  charge  of  the  Depart- 
ment ;  guarantees  the  fulfillment  of  the  obligations  assumed 
by  it  from  time  to  time ;  takes  charge  of  the  funds,  assuming 


62 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


full  responsibility  for  their  safe-keeping ;  supplies  the  neces- 
sary facilities  for  conducting  departmental  business  (which 
is  conducted  as  a  separate  branch  of  the  service),  and  pays  all 
operating  expenses,  including  salaries  of  the  officers,  Medical 
Examiners  and  clerical  force ;  also  pays  interest  on  monthly 
balances  in  its  hands;  and,  as  Trustee  and  Guarantor  of  the 
Fund,  approves  securities  in  which  investments  are  made. 


Executive  charge. 


Superintendent. 


Executive  officer  of  the  Department  is  the  Superintendent, 
aided  by  an  Assistant  Superintendent,  appointed  by  the 
Board  of  Directors,  who  has  general  control  of  all  business 
pertaining  to  the  department,  subject  to  supervision  of  the 
Company's  General  Manager,  and,  with  the  approval  of 
the  latter,  employs  the  medical  force,  consisting  of  a  Chief 
Medical  Examiner  and  a  corps  of  Medical  Examiners,  and 
the  necessary  clerical  force. 


General  supervision.  General  supervision  of  Department  operations  is  vested 

in  an  Advisory  Committee,  of  which  the  General  Manager  is 

Advisory  Committee.  ex  officio  a  member  and  the  chairman,  and  fourteen  members, 

seven  of  whom  are  elected  by  the  contributing  members 
from  among  themselves  on  the  basis  of  ballots,  by  specially 
created  electoral  divisions,  the  other  seven  being  appointed 
by  the  several  Boards  of  Directors.  Each  member  serves 
for  a  period  of  three  years,  the  elections  being  held  and 
appointments  made  triennially,  in  different  years,  and  in 
such  manner  as  to  provide  for  there  always  being  on  the 
Committee  a  majority  of  members  who  have  served  thereon 
for  a  period  of  time  sufficient  to  afford  them  practical 
familiarity  with  the  workings  of  the  Fund. 


Participants. 


Membership   includes   all    classes    of    employes,    and    is 
voluntary. 


Maximum  age  for 
admission  to  service. 


Maximum  age  for  entrance  to  service  of  associated  com- 
panies is  35  years,  except  where  the  duties  involved  call 
for  professional  or  other  special  qualifications,  when  em- 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


63 


ployment  maybe  given  to  persons  over  that  age,  by  authority 
of  the  Board  of  Directors. 


Procedure  for 
securing  membership. 


Employe  desiring  membership  makes  known  his  wish, 
either  verbally  or  in  writing,  to  the  person  under  whom  he 
is  immediately  employed,  whose  duty  it  is  to  at  once  send 
the  request,  through  the  usual  channel,  to  the  Division 
Superintendent  or  other  proper  officer  in  charge,  who 
will  cause  the  necessary  notice  to  be  transmitted  to  the 
Relief  Department  and  to  the  Medical  Examiner,  and  the 
latter  will  make  the  requisite  physical  examination  and 
prepare  a  formal  application  for  the  applicant  to  sign. 


Maximum  membership  age. 


Any  employe  of  the  associated  companies,  if  not  over  45 
years  of  age,  may,  on  application,  become  a  member  upon 
passing  a  satisfactory  physical  examination. 


Disregard  of  age  limit  or 
physical  condition  at  stait. 


For  a  period  of  six  (6)  months  after  institution  of  the 
Fund,  the  privilege  of  enjoying  membership  was  extended 
to  all  employes  in  the  service,  regardless  of  age  or  physical 
condition. 


Membership  first  year 


At  the  close  of  the  first  year  of  operation,  1886,  there 
were  19,952  members  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Depart- 
ment. 


System  membership.  The  present  System  membership  aggregated  104,151,  as 

of  December  31,  1903. 


64 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Distribution  among 
various  classes. 


Number  of  employes,  by 
grades,  and  distribution  in 
Relief  Fund  membership. 


This  total  membership  has  the  following  percentage 
distribution  among  the  several  grades  of  employes  identified 
with  roads  associated  in  Fund  administration,  viz.: 


Officers;  Agents,  Clerks,  etc 

Telegraph  Operators 

Conductors,  all  trains 

Brakemen,  all  trains. 

Locomotive  Enginemen,  all  trains 
Locomotive  Firemen,  all  trains.... 

Yardmen 

Shopmen 

Trackmen 

Floating  Equipment. 


Lines 

East  of 

Pittsburgh 


IylNES 

West  of 
Pittsburgh 


Per  Cent. 

21 

2 

4 
15 

4 

6 

5 
25 
17 

1 


Per  Cent. 

17 

4 

5 

11 

7 

8 
11 
30 

7 


Lines  East  and  West. 

Following  is  table  showing  the  full  numerical  strength  of 
each  grade  of  employes,  with  distribution  by  number  and 
percentage  in  Relief  Fund  membership,  for  the  Lines  of  the 
System  East  and  West  of  Pittsburgh,  associated  in  Fund 
administration,  the  figures  for  the  Lines  East  representing 
the  status  as  of  December  31,  1903,  and  those  for  the  Lines 
West  as  of  March  31,  1904: 


CLASS 


LINES  EAST 


Total 
Number 
Employes 


Number 

in  Relief 

Fund 


Relief 
Fund 
Per- 
centage 


LINES  WEST 


Total 
Number 
Employes 


Number 

in  Relief 

Fund 


Relief 
Fund 
Per- 
centage 


Officers,  Agents,  Clerks,  etc.. _. 

Telegraph  Operators 

Conductors,  all  trains 

Brakemen,  all  trains 

Locomotive  Enginemen,  all  trains 
Locomotive  Firemen,  all  trains.... 

Yardmen - 

Shopmen 

Trackmen 

Floating  Equipment 

Total 


24,093 
2,702 
3,606 

13,087 
4,483 
4,779 
4,189 

27,642 

24,745 
1,001 


110,327 


15,833 
1,878 
2,969 

11,352 
3,487 
4,381 
3,637 

18,990 

13,301 
679 


66 
70 
82 
87 
78 
92 
87 
69 
54 
68 


7,988 
1,340 
1,508 
3,213 
2,198 
2,328 
3,515 
10,587 
7,586 


4,436 
985 
1,394 
3,027 
2,062 
2,260 
3,018 
8,894 
1,908 


76,507 


69 


40,263 


27,984 


56 
74 
92 
94 
94 
97 
86 
84 
25 


70 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


65 


Membership  contribution. 


Membership  payments  are  fixed  and  uniform  without 
reference  to  occupation;  there  being  five  (5)  classes  of 
membership,  calling  for  the  following  monthly  con- 
tributions, payable  in  advance,  and  deducted  on  pay- 
rolls, viz.: 


Classes. 


1st  class $0.75 

2nd  class 1.50 

3rd  class 2.25 

4th  class 3.00 

5th  class 3.75 


Membership  classification. 


Membership  classification  is  based  on  usual  earnings 
per  month  at  the  time  of  application,  with  the  following 
grading: 


Earnings. 


Lines  East 

Lines  West 

Class 

Monthly  Earnings 

Monthly  Earnings 

1st 

Less  than  $35. 

Not  over  $40. 

2nd 

$35  or  more,  but  less  than  $55. 

Over  $40,  but  not  over  $60. 

3rd 

$55  or  more,  but  less  than  $75. 

Over  $60,  but  not  over  $80. 

4th 

$75  or  more,  but  less  than  $95. 

Over  $80,  but  not  over  $100. 

5th 

$95  or  more. 

Over  $100. 

Changing  to  higher 
or  lower  class. 


Members  may  enter  or  change  to  a  class  not  higher  than 
that  determined  by  their  usual  earnings,  physical  exami- 
nation being  required,  except  on  changing  to  a  lower  class. 
Member  not  over  age  45,  with  five  (5)  years'  continuous 
service  and  one  (1)  year's  membership  in  Fund  (both 
immediately  prior  to  his  supplementary  application),  may 
enter  any  class  higher  than  that  determined  by  his  pay 
upon  passing  a  satisfactory  examination. 


66 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Table  of  benefits. 


Amount  of  accident  and  sick  benefits,  and  death  allow- 
ances, based  on  class  membership,  viz.: 


First 
Class 

Second 
Class 

Third 
Class 

Fourth 
Class 

Fifth 
Class 

ACCIDENT. 

Accident  benefits  per  day,  including  Sundays 
and  holidays: 

First  52  weeks 

$0.50 
.25 

$0.40 
.20 

$250.00 

$1.00 
.50 

$0.80 
.40 

$500.00 

$1.50 
.75 

$1.20 
.60 

$750.00 

$2.00 
1.00 

$1.60 
.80 

$1,000.00 

$2.50 

After  52  weeks 

1.25 

*SICKNESS. 

Sickness  benefits  per  day,  including  Sundays 
and  holidays: 

Not  longer  than  52  weeks,  but  not  in- 
cluding first  3  days 

$2.00 

After  52  weeks " 

1.00 

DEATH. 

Payment  in  event  of  death 

$1,250.00 

Regular  and  additional 
death  benefits. 


Members  are  privileged  to  take  death  benefits,  additional 
to  that  of  their  class,  to  an  amount  not  greater  than  their 
class  death  benefit,  viz.: 


First 
Class 

Second 
Class 

Third 

Class 

Fourth 
Class 

Fifth 
Class 

Class  death  benefit 

$250.00 
250.00 

$500.00 
500.00 

$750.00    $1,000.00 
750.00  |    1,000.00 

$1,250.00 

Additional  death  benefit 

1,250.00 

Total  death  benefits 

$500.00 

$1,000.00 

$1,500.00   $2,000.00 

$2,500.00 

' 

For  each  additional  death  benefit  of  the  first  class  ($250) 
the  rates  of  contribution  are  as  follows: 

For  a  member  not  over  45  years  of  age $0.30 

For  a  member  over  45  and  not  over  60  years 

of  age 45 

For  a  member  over  60  years  of  age 60 

*  Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh  do  not  pay  sickness  benefits  for  first  six  (6)  days, 
nor  do  they  provide  for  payment  of  sickness  benefits  after  52  weeks. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


67 


Where  death  benefit  is  taken  at  a  given  rate,  the  rate  is 
not  increased  on  account  of  increasing  age. 


"Company  Reliefs 
Lines  East. 


Substitute  for 
Company  Relief. 


Lines  East. 

Regulations  originally  provided  for  payment  of  sick 
benefit  for  a  maximum  period  of  52  weeks  of  continuous 
disablement.  Many  cases  developed  calling  for  continued 
relief  measures  after  the  expiration  of  that  period,  and 
these  were  taken  care  of  by  the  Boards  of  Directors,  by 
authorizing  donations  directly  from  Company  revenue. 
This  form  of  relief,  known  as  "Company  Relief,"  was 
started  in  connection  with  the  Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh  in 
October,  1887,  and  terminated  with  the  establishment  of 
the  Pension  Department,  January  1,  1900,  and  during  its 
continuance  there  was  expended  the  aggregate  sum  of 
$363,919.05.  Under  the  present  arrangement  the  sick  are 
carried  by  the  Fund,  at  half  rates,  after  52  weeks,  until 
recovery,  or  until  properly  eligible  to  Superannuation  and 
Pension  allowance. 


"Company  Relief, 
Lines  West. 


Lines  West. 

It  is  still  the  practice  of  the  several  companies  associated 
in  operation  of  the  Relief  Department  of  the  Lines  West  of 
Pittsburgh  and  Erie,  where  members  of  the  Relief  Fund 
continue  disabled  by  sickness  beyond  52  weeks,  thus 
exhausting  their  title  to  sickness  benefits  from  the  Fund, 
and  where  such  members'  service  record  warrants,  to 
Basis>nd  rate  of  allowance,  authorize  payment  of  "Company  Relief."  The  rate  for 
the  first  year,  as  a  rule,  is  one-half  the  amount  to  which 
a  member  was  entitled  from  the  Fund;  if  extended  to 
second  year,  the  rate  being  again  cut  in  two;  this  process 
being  continued  until  the  rate  is  reduced  to  20  cents  a  day, 
in  which  event  it  is  fixed  at  that  figure.  Each  individual 
case  is  treated  on  its  merits,  and,  in  determining  whether 
or  not  "Company  Relief"  shall  be  paid,  the  member's 
length  of  service,  performance  of  meritorious  acts,  and 
financial  condition  are  all  taken  into  consideration  by  the 
Boards  of   Directors.     These  benefits  are  paid  from  the 


68 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Funeral  expenses  not 
regularly  provided  for. 


treasuries  of  the  associated  companies,  who  reimburse  the 
Relief  Fund  for  any  amounts  paid  to  members  on  this 
account. 

Special  or  other  funeral  expenses  are  not  paid  as  independ- 
ent charges  against  the  Fund ;  they  are,  however,  authorized 
by  the  Regulations  as  a  part  of  the  death  benefit  before 
final  settlement,  when  specially  desired  by  the  beneficiaries ; 
all  such  payments  being  treated  as  a  part  of  the  death 
benefit,  and  deducted  therefrom. 


Triennial  periods. 
Mortality  rate. 


Fund  is  operated  on  the  basis  of  triennial  periods. 

Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members: 

Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh 12.6 

Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh 12.0 


Basis  of  receipts,  working 
capital,  and  operating 
expenses. 


The  receipts,  working  capital,  and  operating  expenses 
of  the  Fund  are  derived  from  and  provided  through  the 
following  avenues,  viz.: 

a. — Membership  contributions. 

b. — Company  appropriation,  when  necessary,  to  make 

up  triennial  operative  deficits. 
c. — Income  and  profit  arising  from  investment  of  Fund 

moneys. 
d. — Gifts  or  legacies  made  for  use  of  Fund. 
e. — Free    use   of   building,  transportation,  and    other 
facilities  supplied  by  the  associated  companies  for 
conducting  Department  business. 
/. — Relief  from  all  operating  expenses,  which  are  borne 
exclusively  by  the  associated  companies. 


Disposition  of  fund  surplus. 


In  the  event  of  a  surplus,  at  the  end  of  any  three-year 
period  of  operation,  after  making  due  allowance  for  liabilities 
incurred  and  not  paid,  such  surplus  is  devoted  exclusively 
in  the  promotion  of  a  fund  for  the  benefit  of  superannuated 
members,  or  in  some  other  manner  for  the  sole  benefit  of 
members  of  the  Relief  Fund. 


Determination  of 
financial  conrlition. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


69 


Financial  condition  is  determined  through  quarterly  and 
annual  statements  of  Fund  operations,  showing  the  total 
receipts  from  all  sources,  disbursements,  balances,  and 
surplus  or  deficit,  as  the  case  may  be,  this  information 
being  embodied  in  regular  annual  report  of  the  Company 
to  the  stockholders.  There  is  also  prepared  at  stated 
intervals,  as  a  matter  of  special  detailed  information,  an 
exhibit  of  known  and  contingent  liabilities,  including  in 
the  latter  an  estimated  cost  of  cases  of  disablement  originat- 
ing prior  to  and  continuing  beyond  the  close  of  the  period. 


Total  receipts. 


Total    receipts    since    inauguration    aggregate   $19,950,- 
940.94,  made  up: 


East  of  Pittsburgh. 


West,  of  Pittsburgh. 


Aggregate  receipts. 


Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh. 

From  membership $11,672,717.39 

From  Company 2,544,348.11 

From  other  sources 422,027.04 

Total  receipts,  Lines  East  of  Pitts- 
burgh    $14,639,092.54 

Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh. 

From  membership $4,342,321.95 

From  Company 969,526.45 

Total  receipts,  Lines  West  of  Pitts- 
burgh....-        5,311,848.40 

Aggregate  receipts,  Pennsylvania 
System $19,950,940.94 


Average  annual  receipts. 


Average  receipts  per  annum  for  Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh, 
$813,282.91,  and  for  Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh,  $404,554.73, 
or  an  aggregate  of  $1,217,837.64  for  the  entire  System. 


70 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Total  disbursements. 


Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh. 


Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh. 


Average  annual 
disbursements. 


Fund  Accounts. 


Relief  Fund  Account. 


Total  disbursements  since  inauguration,  $18,595,066.75, 
made  up: 

Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh. 

For  accident $2,246,454.10 

For  sickness. 4,455,618.80 

For  death 4,851,434.88 

For  operating  expenses        1,815,641.54 
For  superannuation  al- 
lowances   148,662.15 

$13,517,811.47 

Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh. 

For  accident $1,162,281.65 

For  sickness.... 1,473,124.60 

For  death 1,687,241.22 

$4,322,647.47 
For  operating  expenses  754,607.81 

$5,077,255.28 

Total   disbursements   for  entire 

System $18,595,066.75 

Average  disbursements  per  annum,  for  Lines  East  of 
Pittsburgh,  $750,989.53,  and  for  Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh, 
$381,260.40,  or  an  aggregate  of  $1,132,249.93  for  the  entire 

System. 

The  following  "General  Ledger"  and  "General  Expense" 
Accounts  are  conducted  in  connection  with  operations  of  the 
Relief  Department  of  the  Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh,  viz.: 

"Relief  Fund"  Account,  which  includes  payments  of 
benefits  on  account  of  disablement  or  death  of  members  of 
the  Relief  Fund;  on  account  of  funeral  expenses  advanced; 
payments  for  surgical  attendance;  and  contributions 
returned  to  members,  chargeable  to  the  current  triennial 
period,  counting  from  and  including  the  year  1886.  This 
account  is  credited  with  contributions  received  from 
members,  and  any  benefits  returned  by  persons  to  whom 
same  have  been  paid. 


Relief  Fund 
Liability  Account. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


71 


"Relief  Fund  Liability"  Account,  which  includes  pay- 
ments of  benefits  on  account  of  disablement  or  death  of 
members  of  the  Relief  Fund ;  on  account  of  funeral  expenses 
advanced ;  payments  for  surgical  attendance ;  and  contribu- 
tions returned  to  members,  chargeable  to  any  triennial 
period  prior  to  the  current  period.  This  account  is  credited 
with  any  benefits  returned  by  persons  to  whom  paid,  and 
Company  payments  necessary  to  make  up  Fund  deficiencies. 


Relief  Fund 
Surplus  Account. 


"Relief  Fund  Surplus"  Account,  which  includes  such 
amount  as  may  stand  to  the  credit  of  "Superannuation 
Fund"  Account  at  the  end  of  any  triennial  period. 


Superannuation 
Fund  Account. 


Relief  Department 
Expenses  Account. 


"Superannuation  Fund"  Account,  which  includes  pay- 
ments of  superannuation  allowances  to  retired  employes 
members  of  the  Relief  Fund.  This  account  is  credited 
with  interest  accrued  on  investments  of  Relief  Fund  surplus, 
and  the  balance  standing  to  the  credit  of  the  "Relief  Fund 
Liability"  Account  at  the  close  of  each  triennial  period, 
such  credit  balance  being  transferred  to  the  "Relief  Fund 
Surplus"  Account. 

"Relief  Department  Expenses"  Account,  which  includes 
all  expenses  incurred  by  the  associated  companies  in  con- 
nection with  operation  of  the  Department,  and  which  are 
not  otherwise  provided  for. 


Advantages  offered  by 
Department  membership. 


The  advantages  of  the  Relief  Department  to  employes 
may  be  thus  recounted: 

a.— Indemnity  in  case  of  disablement  from  accident  or 
sickness,  and  death  from  accident  or  natural  causes, 
at  a  minimum  cost;  the  protection  extended  for 
death  being  particularly  advantageous  to  employes 
occupying  hazardous  positions,  as  many  of  the 
regular-line  life-insurance  companies  will  not  insure 
them,  and  those  that  do  demand  largely  increased 
premiums  over  the  ordinary  risk. 


72 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


b. — Free  surgical  attendance  in  case  of  disablement 
from  accident  while  in  the  performance  of  duty; 
also  the  furnishing  of  artificial  limbs  and  other 
prosthetic  agencies. 

c. — No  payment  for  membership  or  Medical  Examiners' 
fees. 

d. — No  special  dues  or  taxes. 

e. — No  extra  assessments. 

/. — Exemption  from  contribution  during  disablement, 
after  that  made  for  the  month  in  which  the  dis- 
ablement originates. 

g. — Protection  against  possibility  of  forfeiting  title  to 
benefits  for  non-payment  of  dues;  the  practice  of 
collecting  contributions  on  the  pay-rolls  obviating 
this  so  long  as  the  member  is  on  duty. 

//. — No  assessments  for  administration,  all  expenses 
being  borne  by  the  associated  companies. 

*. — Benefits  not  susceptible  to  hypothecation;  death 
benefits  being  devoted  exclusively  to  payments 
to  designated  beneficiaries. 

j. — Relief  from  making  contributions  to  their  fellow-em- 
ployes or  their  families,  in  destitute  circumstances, 
from  protracted  disablement  or  death.  Papers 
soliciting  such  subscriptions,  which  are  now  no 
longer  seen,  were  of  common  occurrence  before 
the  Department  was  established. 


Date  of  institution. 


Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway  Company. 

(1,467.8  miles;  23,721  employes.) 

Conducts  the  "Philadelphia  &  Reading  Relief  Associa- 
tion," organized  October  30,  1888,  and  put  in  effect  Decem- 
ber 1,  1888. 


Contributions  and 
benefits. 


Contributions  and  benefits  correspond  with  those  obtain- 
ing with  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Fund,  vide  supra. 
There  is  paid  an  additional  sum  of  $100  from  the  Surplus 
Fund  for  each  death  regardless  of  class. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


73 


Table  of  Contributions  and  Benefits. 


1st 
Class 


2nd 
Class 


3rd 
Class 


4th 
Class 


5th 
Class 


Highest  Monthly  Pay 

Contributions  per  Month  : 
Class 

Additional  Death  Benefit,  Equal 
to  Death  Benefit  of  Class. 

Not  over  45  years  of  age 

Over  45  years  and  not  over  60 

years  of  age 

Over  60  years  of  age 

Disablement  Benefits  per  Day, 
including  Sundays  and  Hol- 
idays. 
Accident. 

For  52  weeks 

Sickness. 

After  first  7  days,  and  not  longer 
than  52  weeks 

Death  Benefits. 

For  Class 

Additional  Payment  from  Sur- 
plus Fund- 

Additional  Death  Benefits  that 
mav  be  taken 


$35.00 
.75 

.30 

.45 
.60 


.50 

.40 

250.00 
100.00 
250.00 


$55.00    $75.00 


1.50 


.60 

.90 
1.20 


1.00 

.80 

500.00 
100.00 
500.00 


2.25 


.90 

1.35 
1.80 


1.50 

1.20 

750.00 
100.00 
750.00 


$95.00 
3.00 

1.20 

1.80 
2.40 

2.00 

1.60 

1,000.00 

100.00 

1,000.00 


OVER 

$95.00 


3.75 


1.50 

2.25 
3.00 


2.50 

2.00 

1,250.00 

100.00 

1,250.00 


Disposition  of  yearly  surplus. 


Age  limit. 
Benefit  period. 


Regulations  provide  that  if,  at  the  end  of  any  fiscal  year, 
there  should  be  a  surplus,  after  making  due  allowance  for 
liabilities  incurred  and  not  paid,  such  surplus  shall  be  used 
in  the  promotion  of  a  fund  for  the  benefit  of  superannuated 
members  of  the  Association,  or  in  some  other  manner  for 
the  sole  benefit  of  members  of  the  Association,  whether  by 
additional  death  benefits  or  otherwise,  as  shall  be  determined 
by  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  Advisory  Committee. 

Maximum  age  for  admission  to  membership,  45  years. 

Length  of  treatment,  52  weeks.  Exhaustion  of  this 
benefit  period  leaves  the  member  with  title  to  death  benefit 
allowance  only. 


74 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Out-of-service  membership. 


Railway  contributions. 


Determination  of 
financial  condition. 


Total  receipts. 


Annual  receipts. 


Total  disbursements. 


Annual 
disbursements. 


Membership  rights,  also  those  of  beneficiaries,  are  for- 
feited and  invalidated  upon  termination  of  service  with  the 
employing  company,  except  that  if  the  membership  has 
continued  for  a  period  of  three  (3)  years  it  may  remain  in 
respect  to  Death  Benefit  only. 

Railway  Company  and  interested  co-operating  companies 
contribute  to  the  Fund  to  the  extent  of  five  (5)  per  centum 
of  all  sums  contributed  by  employes,  and  also  make  good 
any  Fund  deficiencies  for  benefits  accrued  to  their  respective 
members. 

Basis  for  determining  financial  condition  is  the  annual 
report  compiled  by  Auditors  appointed  by  the  Association 
Advisory  Committee  for  the  purpose. 

Total  receipts  since  inauguration,  $4,049,494.11,  made  up : 

From  membership $3,362,678.05 

From  Company 443,831.68 

From  other  sources 242,984.38 

Average  receipts  per  annum,  from  above  sources,  $269,- 
966.28. 

Receipts  from  all  sources  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  Novem- 
ber 30,  1903,  aggregated  $299,940.11,  made  up: 

From  members _ $262,812.84 

From    Railway    Company, 

5    per    centum    of    sums 

contributed  by  members.  12,995.02 
Interest  on  monthly  bank 

balances  at  3  per  centum 

per  annum 728.01 

Income  from  investments...       23,404.24 

$299,940.11 

Total  disbursements  since  inauguration,  $3,596,729.96 
made  up: 

For  accident $880,574.66 

For  sickness 895,794.16 

For  death 1,436,708.05 

$3,213,076.87 

For  operating  expenses....      $375,077.25 

For  other  expenses 8,575.84 

$383,653.09 

Average  annual  disbursements,   as  above,   $241,765.54 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision.  75 

Disbursements  for  all  purposes  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
November  30,   1903,  aggregated  $292,423.41,  made  up: 


Death  benefits,  accident......     $46,250.00 

Death      benefits,      natural 

causes 64,550.00 

Death     benefits,     accident, 

Surplus  Fund 10,200.00 

Death      benefits,      natural 

causes,  Surplus  Fund 15,100.00 

Death      benefits,       former 

employes 3,500.00 


$139,600.00 


Disablement  benefits,  acci- 
dent      $65, 152.50 

Disablement  benefits,  natu- 
ral causes 70,016.30 

Disablement  benefits,  acci- 
dent, Surplus  Fund... 316.20 

Disablement  benefits,  natu- 
ral causes,  Surplus  Fund.  651.90 


136,136.90 

Total,  Death  and  Disablement $275,736.90 

Salaries      and      expenses     of     Medical 

Examiners  and    clerks... 16,186.51 

Reduction  in  value  of  investment  in 
The  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Coal  and 
Iron  Company's  Coal  Trust  Certifi- 
cates...   500.00 

$292,423.41 


Annual  cash  expenditure  by         The  expenses  of  operating  the  Association  during  1903 

Associated  Companies.  ,     -_,_  „__    ,„         -        ,  .   ,  «..,_    ._,    .-,„ 

aggregated  $33,658.40,  of  which  amount  £>l/,4/1.89  was 
paid  proportionately  by  the  associated  companies,  the 
balance,  $16,186.51,  as  shown  in  above  statement  of  dis- 
bursements for  the  year,  represented  salaries  and  expenses 


76 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


of  the  medical  corps  paid  out  of  the  Relief  Fund.  In 
addition  to  sum  contributed  by  the  associated  companies 
for  operating  expenses,  as  above,  the  Philadelphia  &  Read- 
ing Railway  Company  contributed  to  the  Fund,  as  shown 
in  foregoing  statement  of  receipts,  $12,995.02,  thus  making 
a  cash  outlay  by  the  companies  of  $30,466.91. 


Mortality  rate. 


Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  12.1. 
The  death  rate  during  the  year  ended  November  30,  1903, 
was  13.9  per  1,000  members. 


Total  membership. 


Membership  as  of  November  30,  1903,  was  18,951,  or 
about  80  per  centum  of  full  working  force,  the  average 
membership  for  the  year  having  been  19,009. 


Distribution  of  membership. 


Distribution  of  membership  among  employes,  viz.: 

r  Number   of 
^  A&&-                                            Participants. 

General  Officers 18 

Other  Officers 40 

General  Office  Clerks 542 

Station  Agents 425 

Other  Station  Men 652 

Enginemen 1,152 

Firemen 1,152 

Conductors 925 

Other  Trainmen 2,882 

Machinists 683 

Carpenters 285 

Other  Shopmen 3,699 

Section  Foremen 360 

Other  Trackmen 1 ,446 

Switchmen,  Flagmen,  and  Watchmen 597 

Train  Dispatchers  and  Telegraph  Operators  419 

Employes  account  Floating  Equipment 125 

All  other  employes 3,214 

Members   retaining   death   benefit   feature 

after  termination  of  service 335 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


77 


Accounting. 


All  contributions  to  the  Fund  by  members  (whether  by 
deduction  on  pay-roll  or  by  cash  payment  when  no  wages 
are  earned  on  account  of  furlough  or  suspension),  contribu- 
tion by  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway  Company, 
income  from  investments,  etc.,  are  credited  to  the  respective 
income  accounts;  and  the  death  and  disablement  benefits, 
contributions  returned,  salaries  and  expenses  of  medical 
examiners  and  their  clerks,  and  investments  made,  are 
charged  to  the  respective  expense  accounts,  in  accordance 
with  the  principles  -  of  double-entry  bookkeeping.  All 
moneys  received  for  the  Fund  are  held  by  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway  Company  as  a  separate 
fund  to  the  credit  of  the  Association,  subject  to  drafts  by 
such  Treasurer  only  when  same  are  countersigned  by  the 
Chairman  of  the  Advisory  Committee. 


Statistics  for  Relief  Funds 
in  United  States. 


Statistical  Recapitulation  for  Railway  Relief  Funds  in  the 
United  States. 

The  nine  (9)  purely  Relief  Department  roads  hereinbefore 
discussed  represent  an  aggregate  of  31,000  miles  of  roadway, 
or  about  15  per  centum  of  the  total  railway  mileage  of  the 
United  States,  with  employes  numbering  318,000,  or  about 
24  per  centum  of  the  total  number  of  railway  employes  in 
the  country,  and  an  insurance  membership  of  206,000 
employes,  or  practically  65  per  centum  of  the  total  number 
of  employes  identified  with  the  service  of  the  roads  involved ; 
and  this  membership  percentage  would  be  largely  increased 
were  the  computations  based  on  the  exclusion  of  non- 
membership  employes,  who  are  so  because  of  ineligibility 
for  membership,  owing  to  age  or  physical  disqualifications. 
The  combined  average  annual  disbursements  of  these 
departments  aggregate  about  $2,230,000,  while  their 
combined  disbursements  since  organization  approximate 
$37,150,000. 


Employes'  associations. 


Purely  Employes'  Relief  Association. 

In   many   instances   the   railway   employes   themselves 
have  established  relief  associations  whose  operations  are 


78 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


localized  with  the  roads  with  which  the  men  are  directly 
identified.  These  local  organizations  are  sometimes  abso- 
lutely self-supporting,  and  often  are  the  recipients  of 
substantial  financial  and  other  assistance  from  the  rail- 
ways concerned.  While  the  Reporter  has  advice  of  many 
of  these  plans,  only  a  few  of  the  more  representative  will 
be  accorded  mention : 


Inauguration. 


Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  Company. 

(2,281.77  miles;  23,205  employes.) 

Employes  conduct  "The  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad 
Relief  Association,"  organized  in  April,  1882,  and  incor- 
porated in  March,  1885,  providing  sick  and  death  benefits. 


Administration. 


In  charge  of  a  President,  Vice-Presidents,  Secretary, 
Treasurer,  Board  of  Directors,  Finance  Committee,  and 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Special  Fund. 


Assessment  plan. 


Assessment  plan.  Eleven  assessments  per  annum  per 
capita  for  the  Disability  Fund,  and  one  assessment  in 
June  for  the  Expense  Fund;  and  twelve  assessments  for 
the  Death  Benefit  Fund.  Under  the  by-laws  either  an 
extra  assessment  for  each  fund  may  be  levied  or  regular 
assessments  omitted. 


Minimum  and 
maximum  ages. 


Applicants  for  membership  must  be  between  the  ages  of 
18  and  45  years,  and  must  have  been  in  employ  of  Rail- 
road Company  or  Leased  Lines  not  less  than  six  months 
previous  to  making  application. 


Physical  examination. 


Applicant  for  membership  required  to  pass  satisfactory 
physical  examination  and  pay  fee  therefor. 


Admission  fee. 
Contributory  basis. 


Admission  fee  of  $2.00  for  membership. 
Age  determines  membership  payments. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


79 


Soale  of  assessments. 


Sick  benefits. 


Out-of-service  membership. 


Assessments  for  "Expenses"  and  "Disability  Fund,"  viz.: 

Under  45  years  of  age... $0.50  per  month. 

45  years  and  over 75  per  month. 

Assessments  for  "Death  Benefit"  Fund,  viz.: 

Under  45  years  of  age $1.00 

45  years  and  over 1.50 

Sick  benefits  uniform,  $6.00  a  week,  of  six  working  days, 
for  16  weeks,  if  sickness  so  long  continues,  and  not  over  32 
weeks'  benefits  in  any  year,  with  a  maximum  per  capita 
sick  allowance  of  $500,  when  member  becomes  ineligible 
for  further  receipts  from  Sick  Benefit  Fund.  In  event  of 
death  $1,000  is  paid  to  proper  beneficiary. 

Membership  in  the  Association  may  be  retained  after 
leaving  service  of  Railroad  Company  by  making  the  regular 
contributions  therefor. 


Annual  receipts. 


Receipts    in    1903    amounted    to    $36,949.82,   from    all 
sources. 


Total  disbursements. 

Total  membership. 
Creation  of  Reserve  Fund. 


Total  disbursements  since  inauguration,  in  1885, 
$388,909.74,    for   disability   and   death   benefits  only. 

Membership  at  end  of  1903  was  1,904. 

At  the  annual  meeting  held  at  the  close  of  1903,  the  Rail- 
road Company,  through  its  President,  donated  $5,000  to 
the  Association  to  be  used  as  the  basis  for  creating  and 
maintaining  a  "Reserve  Fund." 


Inauguration. 


Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway  Company. 

(7,392.03  miles;  32,295  employes.) 

Employes  conduct  the  "Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway 
Employes'  Mutual  Aid  Association,"  organized  January  1, 
1897. 


Membership. 


Average  membership,  840;  employment  in  the  Company's 
shops  at  Chicago,  111.,  being  the  basis  of  admission  to 
membership. 


80 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Inauguration. 
Contribution. 

Age  limit. 

Railway  contribution. 

Sick  benefits. 

Death  benefit. 


Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  Company. 

(163.15  miles;  1,784  employes.) 

Employes  conduct  the  "Cumberland  Valley  Railroad 
Relief  Association,"  established  January  1,  1889. 

Uniform  contribution  of  75  cents  per  month;  deducted 
on  pay-rolls;  admission  fee,  $1.00;  extra  assessment  may  be 
called. 

Maximum  age  for  admission  to  membership,  50  years. 

Railway  assumes  expenses  of  Association,  and  since  its 
organization  has  contributed  $4,417.96  for  operating  ex- 
penses. 

Scale  of  benefits  for  accident  and  sickness,  $2.00  for  first 
week  and  $5.00  thereafter,  with  maximum  disbursement 
of  $100  in  any  year. 

Death  benefit,  $300. 


Out-of-service  membership. 


Membership  in  the  Association  may  be  retained  after 
leaving  the  service  of  the  Railroad  Company,  under  pre- 
scribed conditions. 


Total  membership. 


Membership  in  1903,  805. 


Date  of  institution. 


Assessment  plan. 


Maine  Central  Railroad  Company. 

(815.83  miles;  4,172  employes.) 

Employes  operate  the  "Maine  Central  Railroad  Relief 
Association,"  effective  as  of  December  1,  1887. 

Assessment  plan ;  Fund  deficiencies  being  met  by  assess- 
ment. 


Admission  fee  and 
membership  dues. 


Admission  fee  under  age  45,  $2.00;  at  age  45  and  over, 
$4.00.  Monthly  dues  under  age  45,  50  cents;  at  age  45 
and  over,  $1.00.  Ordinarily  a  per  capita  assessment  of 
$1.00  is  levied  upon  death  of  any  member,  proceeds  thereof, 


Insurance  and  Reuef  Provision. 


81 


Age  limits. 
Sick  benefits. 

Out-of-service  membership. 

Total  membership. 
Mortality  rate. 

Reserve  Fund. 


Total  receipts  and 
disbursements. 


Annual  receipts  and 
disbursements. 


not  exceeding  $1,000,  being  paid  to  beneficiaries  of  deceased ; 
condition  of  Fund  may  govern  in  the  levying  or  omission  of 
assessments. 

Membership  minimum  and  maximum  ages,  18  and  50 
years,  respectively. 

No  sick  benefits  for  first  week;  thereafter  $6.00  per  week 
for  not  over  16  weeks  for  same  sickness,  and  not  over  26 
weeks  in  any  calendar  year. 

Title  to  death  benefit  may  be  retained  after  leaving 
service  of  Railroad  Company  by  contributing  therefor. 

Membership  in  1903,  1,714. 

Average  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  seven  and 
eleven-thirteenths  (1\\)- 

Provision  made  for  maintenance  of  Reserve  Fund  of 
$25,000. 

Total  receipts  since  inauguration,  $314,405.32;  total 
disbursements,  $286,684.19,  including  $13,772.69  on  account 
of  operating  expenses. 

Average  annual  receipts  $19,650.33,  and  disbursements 

$17,917.76. 


Inter-ofBce  associations. 


Clerks'  Aid  Society. 


Pennsylvania  System  East  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

(5,852.44  miles;  117,928  employes.) 

Various  inter-office  schemes  are  conducted  by  the  em- 
ployes, among  which  may  be  enumerated  the  following: 

"Clerks'  Aid  Society,"  conducted  on  the  assessment  plan, 
members  contributing  50  cents  per  capita  on  the  death  of  a 
member,  the  entire  proceeds  of  such  collection  going  to 
proper  representatives  of  deceased. 


82 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Penn  Yearly  Association. 


Local  organizations. 


"Penn  Yearly  Beneficial  Association,"  which  provides 
for  sick  allowance,  payments  on  death  of  a  member  or  a 
member's  wife,  and  pro  rata  distribution  of  net  profits  at 
end  of  year. 

A  number  of  purely  local  organizations  are  conducted  by 
the  employes  identified  with  the  various  divisions  and 
branches  of  the  Company's  lines,  also  in  connection  with  its 
affiliated  and  subsidiary  companies. 


Abandoned  relief  scheme. 


Quincy,  Omaha  &  Kansas  City  Railway  Company. 

(250  miles;  800  employes.) 

The  Company  formerly  undertook  the  organization  and 
conduct  of  a  relief  association  for  its  employes,  to  provide 
for  them  in  case  of  accident,  sickness,  or  death,  but  as  the 
plan  met  with  opposition  among  the  men,  it  was  finally 
abandoned  in  the  year  1898. 


Date  of  institution. 


Compulsory  membership. 


Canada. 

Grand  Trunk  Railway  System. 

(4,176  miles;  27,520  employes.) 

Conducts  "The  Grand  Trunk  Railway  Insurance  and 
Provident  Society,"  for  employes  on  its  lines  east  of  Detroit 
and  St.  Clair  Rivers,  same  having  been  established  January 
1,  1889,  and  including  similar  merged  societies  dating  back 
as  far  as  1884. 

Membership  is  compulsory  for  permanent  employes  who 
are  under  40  years  of  age  at  time  of  entering  the  service. 

Employes  under  18  years  of  age  must  join  at  half  the 
sick  allowance  rates,  receiving  half  the  benefits  or  sick 
allowances  during  illness,  and  such  members  may  enter 
any  one  of  the  insurance  classes,  but  in  that  case  are  subject 
to  and  pay  the  full  insurance  of  their  class;  upon  attaining 
age  18,  they  are  subject  to  and  pay  full  sick  allowance  rates, 
and  are  thereafter  entitled  to  full  allowances,  but  may  at 
any  time  previous,  under  prescribed  conditions,  have  the 
option  of  paying  full  sick  allowance  rates  and  of  becoming 
entitled  thereafter  to  full  benefits. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


83 


Sick  benefits. 


Sick  allowance,  after  first  three  days,  50  cents  a  day, 
Sundays  included,  for  six  months,  and  at  rate  of  25  cents 
a  day,  including  Sundays,  for  next  ensuing  six  months,  and 
thereafter  until  Chief  Medical  Officer  of  the  Company 
certifies  that  member  is  incurable  or  unfitted  for  his  usual 
employment,  when  all  further  claims  on  the  sick  fund 
cease;  but  member  may  continue  his  subscriptions  to  the 
insurance  fund  for  full  amount  insured  for  payable  after 
death. 


Commutation  of  insurance 
benefit  by  payment 
of  lump  sum. 


Member  debarred  from  sick  fund  privileges,  by  reason 
of  duly  certified  permanent  disablement  or  unfitness  for 
usual  employment,  may  be  permitted  to  commute  his 
insurance  for  an  immediate  payment  of  one-fiftieth  of  total 
amount  insured,  for  each  completed  year  of  membership 
in  the  class  or  classes  in  which  insured;  and  the  same 
privilege  is  extended  to  any  member  leaving  the  Company's 
service,  not  being  on  the  sick  fund. 


Membership  payments. 


Refunds. 


Classification  of  insurance. 


Basis  of  insurance 
participation. 


Temporary  employes. 


Each  member  pays  40  cents  a  month,  except  conductors, 
engineers,  etc.,  who  pay  50  cents  a  month.  Where  fees 
produce  more  than  enough  to  meet  current  expenses  the 
Committee  of  Management  may  reduce  them,  and  also  may 
restore  them. 

Insurance  is  divided  into  six  classes,  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  and  F, 
the  premium  in  F  being  5  cents,  with  $250  benefit,  and  that 
in  A  being  40  cents,  with  $2,000  benefit,  these  being  respect- 
ively minimum  and  maximum  premiums  and   allowances. 

Every  member  must  join  one  of  the  insurance  classes, 
those  under  45  years  of  age  having  the  option  of  choosing 
any  of  the  classes,  excepting  applicants  for  employment  as 
train  brakemen,  yardmen,  etc.,  whose  insurance  is  limited 
to  class  D,  premium  15  cents,  with  $750  benefit. 

Accident  insurance  provided  for  temporary  employes. 
Contribution  of  two  cents  a  day,  or  part  of  a  day,  actually 
worked,  provides,  after  first  three  days,  50  cents  a  day, 
including  Sundays,  for  six  months,  and  25  cents  a  day  for 


84 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Table  of  insurance  payable 
at  close  of  1903. 


next  six  months,  with  payment  of  $250  to  widow  or  other 
proper  representative  in  case  of  death  occurring  within  one 
year  from  date  of  injury. 

Table  of  Insurance  Payable  in  Each  Class. 


Class 

Number 
insured 
in  each 

class 

Number  of 
deaths  and 
commuted 
Insurances 

Total  of 

assessments 

paid  by 
each  class 

Total  amount 
of  claims 
payable  in 
each  class 

to 

QJ 

m 
m 
<s3 

—  o 

o3  © 
t-O 

S£ 
2  ?i" 

-jrH 

1 

0) 
--. 

Ph 

Percentage  of 

claims  to 
membership 
in  each  class 

Total  amount 
insured  in 
each  class 

A_ 

345 

98 

988 

599 

1,436 

7,258 

9 
2 

14 
18 
31 
92 

$28  40 

21  30 

14  20 

10  65 

7  10 

3  55 

$11,560  00 
3,000  00 
12,580  00 
10,620  00 
12,830  00 
20,070  00 

2.60 
2.04 
1.42 
3.00 
2.15 
1.26 

$690,000  00 

B 

147,000  00 

C 

988,000  00 

D. 

449,250  00 

E. 

718,000  00 

F 

1,814,500  00 

Totals 

10,724 

166 

$70,660  00 

1.55 

$4,806,750  00 

Table  of  distribution  of 
benefits  and  insurance 
claim  during  1903. 


Table  of  Distribution  of  Benefits  and  Insurance 

Claims. 


to 

o 
1) 
09 
« 

a  £ 
»  a 

< 

Totals 

a 
s 

o 

Insurance  Claims  Paid 

<1H 

o 

Occupation 

Accidents 

Sickness 

Accidents 

Sickness 

Totals 

is  0> 

£  * 

Amount 

g  m      Amount 

■2  « 

Amount 

£  3 

Amount 

£  s 

zu 

Amount 

£  « 

Zo 

Amount 

%3 

<x,t-< 

* 

/onductors,  Brake- 
men    and   Train 
Baggagemen 

3nginemen  and  Fire- 

50 

50 

50 
40 

1,521 

1,415 

324 
2.520 

314 

206 

37 
297 
242 

10 

14,613  50 

2,228  25 

338  50 
2,192  75 
2,664  25 

163  00 

644 

897 

93 
865 
759 

108 

85,315  75 

6,799  00 

840  00 
7,819  00 
9,172  50 

1,781  00 

958 

1,103 

130 
1,162 
1,001 

118 

$9,929  25 

9,027  25 

1,178  50 
10,011  75 
11,836  75 

1,944  00 

$6  53 

6  38 

3  64 
3  97 
3  55 

2  77 

18 

4 

2 
3 

8 

2 

7 

$8,750  00 

1,625  00 

2,500  00 

750  00 

3,573  00 

2,750  00 
3,860  00 

8 

6 

2 

14 
23 

3 
65 

$4,000  00 

3,250  00 

500  00 
4,250  00 
9,750  00 

2,500  00 
22,800  00 

26 
10 

4 

17 
31 

5 
72 

$12,750  00 

4,875  00 

3,000  00 
5,000  00 
13,323  00 

5,250  00 
26,660  00 

1.70 

.70 

[ardmen,   Couplers 
and  Switchmen.. 

1.23 
.67 

40    3J336 

40      701 
...      914 

.92 

Station  and  General 
Office  Staff 

.71 

7,87 

TOTALS 

10,731 

1,106 

812,200  25 

3,366 

$31,727  25 

4,472 

843,927  50 

$4  09 

44 

$23,808  00 

121 

$47,050  00 

165 

$70,858  00 

1.53 

Average  time  per  case  on  Fund  during  year  1903  =  20  days. 
"  "        "       "      "        "  "  "      1902=  19      " 

"      "        "  "  "      1893  =  16       " 


Out-of-service  membership. 


Medical  attendance. 


Membership  in  the  insurance  feature  may  be  retained 
after  leaving  service  of  Company,  under  prescribed  con- 
ditions. 

Special  treatment  is  confined  to  the  eye,  ear,  nose,  throat, 
and  other  special  cases,  all  to  be  determined  by  Society 
medical  officers. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


85 


Railway  contribution. 


Assessment  for  deaths. 


Total  receipts  and 
disbursements. 


Total  membership. 


Mortality. 


Executive  Committee  may  arrange  with  members  in 
severe  cases  of  injury  or  sickness  to  be  treated  in  hospitals. 

Extra  medical  attendance  must  be  duly  authorized  by 
proper  officers. 

Railway  Company  contributes  half-yearly,  out  of  its 
revenue,  a  sum  in  aid  of  the  sick  benefits  and  allowances 
of  the  Society. 

On  death  of  a  member  all  other  members  are  assessed  as 
many  rates  of  the  class  in  which  insured  as  will  in  the  ag- 
gregate produce  as  nearly  as  may  be  the  amount  for  which 
deceased  member  was  insured ;  the  balance  over  and  above, 
if  any,  being  carried  forward  to  next  ensuing  levy. 

Total  receipts  from  January  1,  1885,  to  end  of  1903, 
$2,840,372.22,  and  disbursements  for  same  period,  $2,940,- 
106.13. 

Total  number  of  fully  insured  members  December  31, 
1903,  10,731.  In  addition  to  these  fully  insured  members 
an  average  number  of  5,489  temporary  employes  were 
insured  against  accident  only. 

Death  rate  during  1903  per  1,000  was,  accidents,  4.10; 
sickness,  7.74;  total,  11.84. 

Average  of  ages  of  deceased  members  was  45.76. 


Inauguration. 


Administration. 


Intercolonial  Railway  of  Canada. 

(1,342  miles;  5,525  employes.)* 

There  is  in  operation  "The  Intercolonial  Railway  Em- 
ployes' Relief  and  Insurance  Association,"  organized  May  1, 
1890,  providing  allowances  for  accident,  sickness,  and 
death. 

Affairs  managed  by  the  officers,  assisted  by  a  General 
Executive  Committee,  the  officers  and  the  committee  being 
elected  by  members. 

*  About  4,000  additional  employes  engaged  temporarily  during  summer  season. 


86 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Compulsory. 

Basis  of  membership. 


Temporary  employes. 


Female  employes. 


Compulsory  membership. 

Employes  under  50  years  of  age  examined  as  to  family 
and  personal  physical  history  by  District  Superintendents 
and  other  designated  officers  of  Railway  Company,  and  if 
afterward  approved  by  the  Local  Executive  Committee  are 
admitted  to  regular  membership  in  lowest  class.  All  other 
employes  are  members  of  the  Temporary  Employes'  Acci- 
dent Fund.  Minimum  age  of  membership  18  years,  under 
which  age  contribution  is  made  at  half  rates.  Female 
employes  members  of  the  sick  and  accident  feature  con- 
tribute at  half  rates  and  receive  half  benefits. 


Membership  payments. 


Membership  payments  uniform,  except  that  trainmen 
and  enginemen  contribute  ten  cents  per  month  more  to  the 
Sick  and  Accident  Fund  than  other  classes  of  employes: 

Class  A. — Trainmen  and  Enginemen. 50  cents  per  month. 
Class  B. — Other  employes 40  cents  per  month. 


Death  and  Total 
Disability  Fund. 


Monthly  payments  to  Death  and  Total  Disability  Fund 
vary  according  to  amount  required  to  pay  monthly  claims 
against  that  fund. 


Temporary  employes' 
payments. 


Members  of  the  Temporary  Employes'  Accident  Fund 
pay  one  cent  for  each  day  or  part  of  a  day  in  the  railway 
service. 


Deficits. 


General  Executive  Committee  may  levy  special  assess- 
ment to  meet  deficits  in  Sick  and  Accident,  Temporary 
Employes'  Accident,  and  Management  Accounts. 


Company  contribution. 


The  Railway  Department  makes  an  annual  contribution 
of  $8,000  to  the  Association,  in  consideration  of  which  the 
Association  constitution  provides  that  said  Department 
shall  be  relieved  of  all  claims  for  compensation  for  injury 
or  death  of  any  member. 


Collections. 


Contributions  deducted  on  pay-rolls  monthly. 


Benefit  payments  to 
regular  members. 


Benefit  period. 


Benefit  payments  to 
temporary  employes. 


No  refunds. 

Special  and  hospital 
treatment. 

Scale  of  surgical  and 
medical  fees. 


HE 
UNIVERSITY 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Sick  and  accident  benefits  for  regular  members  are  uni- 
form ;  death  benefits  vary  according  to  class : 
A. — $3.00  a  week  and  medical  attendance. 
B. — $3.00  a  week  and  surgical  attendance. 
C— Class  A,   $1,000;   B,   $500;  C,   $250— death  and 
total  disability  benefits. 

Benefit  periods: 

A. — Minimum,  one   week;  maximum,    26   weeks  in  any 

one  year. 
B. — Same  as  A. 

For  temporary  employes,  not  less  than  one  week  and  for 
not  more  than  thirteen  weeks. 

For  accident  only,  $3.00  a  week  and  surgical  attendance. 

In  event  of  death  occurring  within  thirteen  weeks,  caused 
by  injury,  $250.00. 

No  claim  for  refunds  upon  leaving  the  service. 

Members  are,  under  prescribed  conditions,  entitled  to  spe- 
cial or  hospital  treatment  at  the  expense  of  the  Association. 

A  scale  of  surgical  and  medical  fees  is  provided,  which 
includes  the  medicines  prescribed  for  the  patients  and  all 
after-treatment.      This  includes  "Operative  Surgery"  for 
amputations,  the  fees  for  which  range  from  $5.00  to  $30.00 
"Fractures,"  for  which  the  fees  run  from  $15.00  to  $30.00 
"Dislocations,"  with  fees  varying  from  $10.00  to  $20.00 
"Consultations,"  with  fee  of  $5.00  for  first  and  $2.50  for 
subsequent  consultations;   "Medical  Attendance,"   within 
radius  of  two  miles,  with  medicine,  for  first  week,  $3.50, 
and  for  each  subsequent  week,   $2.50;  attendance,   with 
medicine,  for  fractions  of  a  week  after  first  week  being  also 
at  rate  of  $2.50  per  week. 

Day  visit  within  same  radius,  with  medicine..  $1 .00 

Night  visit 2.00 

Office  consultation,  with  medicine 70 

Mileage  beyond  two  miles,  using  private  vehicles,  50  cents 
per  mile ;  mileage  by  rail,  25  cents  per  mile— the  mileage  one 
way  only  to  be  counted. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Financing. 


Entering  higher  class. 


Out-of-service  membership. 


Interest  on  bank  balances. 


Total  receipts. 


Total  disbursements. 


Accounting  procedure. 


Mortality  rate. 


Fund  receipts  and  working  capital  consist  of  member- 
ship contributions  and  subscriptions  by  the  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Regular  members  cannot  enter  the  higher  classes  after 
a  fixed  age.  They  must  also  pass  a  satisfactory  medical 
examination. 

Membership  may  be  retained  after  leaving  service  of 
Company,  under  prescribed  conditions. 

Bank  depository  allows  interest  on  monthly  balances 
over  $2,000. 

Total  receipts  since  inauguration,  $718,105.59,  made  up: 

From  membership $624,051.74 

From  Company 94,053.85 

Total  disbursements  since  inauguration,  $708,224.55, 
made  up: 

Accident  and  Sickness $355,538.52 

Death,  including  total  disability  claims     311,514.32 

$667,052.84 
Operating  expenses 41,171.71 

Separate  account  "Collections"  and  "Payments,"  respect- 
ively, kept  for  each  member,  the  latter  showing  in  every 
case  the  fund  claim  is  paid  from.  There  is  also  kept 
General  Cash  Book,  showing  moneys  received  and  deposited 
in  bank,  and  General  Ledger,  which  shows  at  any  time 
condition  of  the  several  funds.  The  accounts,  including 
the  Bank  Pass- Book,  audited  monthly  by  an  Auditor,  who 
reports  to  General  Executive  Committee  whenever  required. 

Average  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members: 

A. — Death  claims,  regular  and  retired  mem- 
bers  .. _ 11.38 

B. — Total    disability    claims,    regular    and 

retired  members.. 3.21 

C. — Temporary  employes,  death  claims 1.21 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


89 


Total  membership. 


Total  membership  between  9,000  and  10,000. 


Great  Britain. 
General  features. 


Great  Britain. 

Among  the  railways  of  the  British  Isles  these  insurance 
organizations  are  conducted  under  such  general  titles  as 
"Accident  Fund,"  "Sick  Society,"  "Sick  and  Funeral 
Allowance  Fund,"  "Friendly  Society,"  "Insurance  Society," 
etc. 

The  organizations  usually  receive  substantial  financial 
aid  from  the  railways  with  which  they  are  identified,  such 
contributions  being  made  from  railway  revenue. 

The  principle  underlying  the  operations  of  the  institutions 
is  very  similar,  and  space  will  permit  of  but  brief  mention 
for  each. 


Inauguration. 
Membership  obligatory. 

Entrance  fee. 
Contribution. 

Benefits. 


Furness  Railway. 

(117.25  miles;  2,369  employes.) 

Furness  Railway  Company's  Employees'  Sick  Club  and 
Benefit  Society,  established  in  1855. 

Membership  obligatory  for  all  employes  receiving  15s. 
per  week  or  over,  and  for  entrants  to  the  service  under  35 
years  of  age. 

Entrance  fee,  Is. 

Contribution  uniform,  5+d.  per  week.  Railway  Com- 
pany subscribes  to  Sick  Fund,  having  contributed  £100 
thereto  during  year  ending  December  31,  1903. 

Benefits :  Sickness,  infirmity,  or  accident,  10s.  per  week 
for  first  13  weeks,  5s.  per  week  for  next  13  weeks,  and  2s.  6d. 
per  week  for  remaining  period  of  sickness. 

Member's  death  allowance,  £10. 

Allowance  on  death  of  member's  wife,  £5. 


90 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Out-membership. 


Member  leaving  the  service,  when  over  34  years  of  age, 
may  retain  membership  rights,  by  paying  6d.  per  week  in 
the  event  of  having  been  a  member  of  the  Society  for  10 

years. 


Reading  rooms,  etc.  Library,  reading,   and  billiard  rooms  are  conducted  in 

connection  with  the  Society. 


Deficits. 


Number  members. 


Mortality. 


Fund  deficiencies  met  by  increasing  rate  of  contribution. 

Membership  about  1,700. 

Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  14f . 


Table  of  employes  by 
occupations. 


Table  showing  numerical  strength  of  employes  by  occupa- 
tion, viz.: 


Occupation 


General  and  other  Officers  and  General  Office  Clerks.... 

Station  Agents  (Freight  and  Passenger) _ 

Enginemen ,  all  trains.. 

Firemen,  all  trains _ 

Conductors  (Freight  and  Passenger) _ 

Other  Trainmen. _ _ 

Machinists. _ 

Carpenters  and  other  Shopmen _ 

Section  Foremen,  other  Trackmen,  Switchmen,  and 

Flagmen.. 

Watchmen _ _ 

All  other  employes  and  laborers.. 


TotaL.. 


Great  Central  Railway. 

(468  miles;  20,181  employes.) 


Number 
Employes 


141 

650 

107 

113 

65 

52 

68 

477 

285 

9 

402 


2,369 


Inauguration. 


Great  Central  Railway  Mutual  Provident  Society,  origi- 
nally established  July  1,  1866,  and  put  in  effect  on  basis  of 
re-establishment  July  1,  1872. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


91 


Objects. 


Provides  for  sickness  arising  from  accident  or  natural 
causes,  medical  attendance  for  members,  their  wives  and 
children  under  14  years  of  age,  for  assurance  of  small  sums 
upon  death  of  member  or  his  wife,  and  old-age  allowance. 


Membership. 


Membership  compulsory  for  all  servants  permanently 
employed  in  passenger  and  goods  departments,  except 
clerks  and  station  agents,  and  for  firemen  in  the  locomotive 
department;  others  may  join  voluntarily. 


Entrance  fee. 


Minimum  entrance  fee  of  Is.  Od.,  and  maximum  5s.  Od. 


Contributions. 


Members  receiving  wages  of  less  than  14s.  Od.  per  week, 
known  as  half  members,  contribute  at  rate  of  4d.  per 
week;  those  receiving  14s.  Od.  per  week  and  over  con- 
tribute according  to  age — namely,  under  age  25,  8d.  per 
week;  between  ages  25  and  30,  9d.  per  week;  and  between 
ages  30  and  35,  lOd.  per  week. 


Benefit  allowances. 


Allowances  for  sickness  are  as  follows: 


Full  Members                   Half  Members 

l6t  6  months 

14s.  Od. 
8s.  Od. 
8s.  Od. 
3s.  Od. 

7s.  Od.  per  week. 
4s.  Od.  per  week. 
4s.  Od.  per  week. 
Is.  6d.  per  week. 

2nd  6  months 

3rd  6  months 

Remainder  of  illness 

Pension  allowance  of  3s.  Od.  per  week  at  70  years  of  age. 

Funeral  allowances:  On  death  of  full  member  ,£12, 
half-member  £6,  and  member's  wife  ,£10. 

Accident  Society  provides  further  allowances  to  men 
injured  on  duty  and  to  their  representatives  if  killed. 

Surgical  appliances  supplied  by  Society  to  total  value  of 
£2  2s.  Od. 


Out-of-service  membership. 


Members  of  seven  years'  standing  privileged  to  retain 
membership  after  leaving  Company's  service  by  payment 
of  an  additional  Id.  per  week. 


92 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Company. 


Deficits. 

Age  limit. 

Receipts  and  disbursements. 


Lapses. 

Mortality. 
Number  members. 


Company  subscribes  1\  per  centum  of  members'  sub- 
scriptions, and  also  provides  office  accommodation,  clerk- 
age,  and  facilities  for  collecting  contributions  and  dis- 
tributing sick  pay. 

Fund  deficiencies  met  by  readjustment  of  contributions 
and  benefits. 

All  entrants  must  be  under  35  years  of  age. 

Total  receipts  since  inauguration,  ,£338,594. 
Average  annual  receipts,  ,£10,664. 
Total  disbursements  since  inauguration,   ,£325,266. 
Average  annual  disbursements,  .£10,245. 

Lapses  from  resignation  since  inauguration,  9,758,  or  an 
annual  average  of  307;  from  dismissals,  2,403,  or  an  annual 
average  of  76. 

Average  annual  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  9. 

Present  total  membership,  July  1,  1904,  11,267. 

Station  Agents  and  Clerks. 589 

Porters 1,560 

Inspectors „ 260 

Signalmen,  etc.. 1 ,552 

Shunters _ 1,001 

Guards 971 

Foremen 240 

Vanmen,  etc 291 

Checkers. 325 

Locomotive  workmen. 400 

Enginemen,  etc.. 1 ,964 

Miscellaneous- 1,340 

Non-resident  members 723 

Pensioners 51 


Inauguration. 


Great  Eastern  Railway. 

(1,182.5  miles.) 

Great  Eastern  Railway  Accident  Fund,  established  July  1, 
1898.  Operated  as  a  distinct  department  of  the  Company, 
embracing  servants,  or  those  paid  "wages." 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


93 


Objects. 


Fund  established  to  secure  to  members,  or  to  their  repre- 
sentatives or  dependents,  allowances  in  lieu  of  all  payments 
to  which  they  would  or  might  by  law  otherwise  become 
entitled  by  virtue  of  provisions  of  Employers'  Liability 
Act,  1S80,  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  1897,  or 
otherwise  in  respect  of  personal  injury  arising  out  of  and  in 
the  course  of  their  employment  in  the  service. 


Contributions. 


The  contributions  payable  to  the  Fund  are  as  follows: 
1 . — By  each  member  one  penny  per  week,  to  be  deducted 
from  his  wages  (a  broken  part  of  a  week  to  count  as  a  whole 
week). 

2. — By  the  Company  out  of  its  own  revenues: 

1 . — A  sum  equal  to  one-half  of  amount  of  sums  annually 
paid  to  Fund  by  members,  and  in  addition  follow- 
ing amounts: 
2. — Full  amount  payable  under  clause  (a),  set  forth 

below,  in  case  of  death. 
8. — Full  amount  payable  under  clauses  (6),  (c),  and  (d), 
set  forth  below,  in  case  of  loss  of  eyesight,  eye  or 
limb,  or  limbs. 

4- — In  case  of  incapacity  lasting  more  than  two  weeks 
a  sum  per  week  equal  to  half  wages,  not  exceeding 
in  any  case  one  pound,  commencing  with  the  third 
week  of  incapacity,  but  for  a  period  not  exceeding 
six  months  from  date  of  injury. 

5. — Company  also  provides  accommodation  for  meet- 
ings of  the  Managing  Committee,  and  defrays  the 
cost  of  stationery,  printing,  postage,  and  clerical 
aid  required  for  Fund  purposes. 


Benefits. 


Allowances  paid  out  of  Fund  are  as  follows : 

a. — In  case  of  death  of  member,  where  member  leaves 
dependents  wholly  dependent  upon  his  earnings, 
a  sum  equal  to  his  earnings  in  the  employment  of 
the  Company  during  the  three  years  next  preceding 
the  injury;  if  such  employment  period  has  been 


94  Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 

less  than  three  years,  then  a  sum  equal  to  156  times 
his  average  weekly  earnings  during  the  period  of 
actual  employment;  or  in  either  case  the  sum  of 
,£150,  whichever  of  those  sums  is  the  larger, 
but  not  exceeding  in  any  case  .£300,  provided 
that  the  amount  of  any  weekly  payments  made  to 
the  member  under  clause  (e)  below  shall  be  deducted 
from  such  sum.  Where  member  dies  leaving  no 
full  dependents,  but  such  as  are  partly  dependent, 
a  sum  not  exceeding  amount  payable  under  fore- 
going provision,  as  may  be  agreed  upon,  or,  in 
default  of  agreement,  determined  by  Fund  Com- 
mittee. 

b. — In  case  of  total  loss  of  eyesight  from  such  injury, 
an  amount  equal  to  that  payable  in  case  of  death. 

c. — In  case  of  loss  of  both  legs  or  both  arms,  or  an  arm 
and  a  leg,  from  such  injury,  an  amount  equal  to 
that  payable  in  case  of  death. 

d. — In  case  of  loss  of  a  leg  from  such  injury,  an  amount 
equal  to  three-fourths,  and  in  case  of  loss  of  an 
arm  or  an  eye,  an  amount  equal  to  one-half  of  sum 
payable  in  case  of  death. 

e. — In  case  of  disablement  other  than  aforesaid  through 
such  injury,  there  is  paid  to  member  so  long  as  such 
disablement  continues,  commencing  from  date  of 
injury,  but  not  for  longer  than  six  months,  weekly 
sum  of  ,£1,  provided  that  maximum  allow- 
ance from  fund  during  disablement  shall  not 
be  higher  than  one-half  his  earnings  during  the 
fourteen  days  next  previous  to  the  injury.  For 
the  second  six  months,  a  weekly  allowance  equal  to 
one-half  that  of  first  six  months.  After  expiration 
of  twelve  months  from  date  of  injury  there  is  paid 
a  lump  sum  to  be  determined  by  Managing  Com- 
mittee, but  not  to  exceed  one-half  the  amount  pay- 
able in  case  of  death. 

Custody  of  fund  money.  The  moneys  of  the  Fund  remain  in  the  hands  of  the 

Railway  Company  for  the  purposes  of  the  Fund. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


95 


Inauguration. 


Participants. 


Contributions  and  benefits 


Great  Northern  Railway. 

(939  miles.) 

Great  Northern  Railway  Locomotive  Sick  Society, 
established  in  August,  1850  ;  amalgamated  1853  ;  enrolled 
May  4,  1857. 

Consists  of  employes  of  Locomotive  Department,  between 
ages  of  18  and  40  years. 

Table  of  Contributions  and  Benefits. 


Benefits  Receivable  by  Members 

Members 

Weekly  Allowance  in  Sickness 

Sums  Payable  on  the 
death  of  a 

Entrance  Fee 

Monthly 
Contributions 

For  26 
weeks 

For  13 
weeks 

For  13 
weeks 

For  remain- 
der of 
sickness 

Member 

Member's 
Wife 

From                  s.   d. 

18  to  25 5  0 

25  to  30 7  6 

30  to  35 10  0 

35  to  43 15  0 

Under    30    years 

of  age,  2s. 
Over     30     years 

of  age,  2s.  4d. 

s.         d. 
10           0 

,         d. 

7           6 

,     a. 

5           0 

s.          d. 
3           0 

£      s.    d. 
10     0     0 

£      s.    d. 
6     0     0 

Special  grant  for 
permanent  incapacitation. 


Receipts. 


Disbursement. 


Number  members. 


Member  losing  a  limb,  or  otherwise  becoming  disabled 
by  accident,  and  rendered  permanently  unable  to  follow 
his  trade  or  occupation  in  Company's  service,  is,  under 
prescribed  conditions,  entitled  to  grant  of  ,£100,  to  be 
paid  from  a  separate  fund,  called  the  levy  fund,  to  be  raised 
by  a  levy  of  5d.  per  member,  made  on  all  members  save 
those  on  permanent  sick  pay;  and  after  receiving  grant 
such  member  will  not  receive  more  than  3s.  6d.  per  week  for 
illness  the  result  of  the  accident  for  which  he  has  received  a 
grant,  but  for  any  other  illness  will  be  paid  in  accordance 
with  foregoing  table ;  and  no  member  will  receive  more  than 
one  grant  from  the  Society. 

Receipts,  from  all  sources,  during  year  ending  December 
31,  1903,  amounted  to  £16,061  14s.  lid. 

Disbursement,  for  all  expenses,  during  year  ending 
December  31,  1903,  amounted  to  £15,902  9s.  7d. 

Total  membership,  December  31,  1903,  9,619. 


96 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Inauguration. 


Contributions. 


Allowances. 


Receipts. 


Disbursement. 


Railway  contribution. 


Number  members. 


Great  Northern  Railway  Sick  and  Funeral  Allowance 
Fund,  established  August  2,  1853. 

Contributions  based  on  weekly  wages,  and  deducted  on 
pay-rolls. 

Sick  allowance:  First  26  weeks,  full  allowance;  second 
26  weeks  at  half  pay ;  and  subsequently  at  sick  quarter  pay 
for  not  exceeding  a  third  period  of  52  weeks,  after  which 
claim  upon  Fund  ceases;  but  a  member  receiving  sick  pay 
for  two  years,  who  shall  on  expiration  of  that  period  have 
contributed  to  Fund  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  seven 
years,  may,  by  payment  of  2d.  per  week  quarterly  in  advance, 
be  entitled  to  funeral  allowance. 

Funeral  allowance,  with  a  maximum  of  £20  on  death  of 
a  member,  and  £7  on  death  of  a  member's  wife  in  his  lifetime. 

Receipts,  from  all  sources,  during  year  ending  December 
31,  1902,  amounted  to  £13,568  6s.  2d. 

Disbursement,  for  all  expenses,  during  year  ending 
December  31,  1902,  amounted  to  £11,934  3s.  lOd. 

The  Railway  Company  makes  contribution  to  the  Fund, 
having  subscribed  £500  in  1902. 

Total  membership,  December  31,  1902,  6,704  men  and 
1,064  lads. 


Inauguration. 

Participants. 

Age  limit. 
Financing. 


Great  Western  Railway. 

(2,711  miles;  64,699  employes.) 

Great  Western  Railway  Provident  Society,  a  Friendly 
Society,  organized  in  1838,  re-instituted  in  1880,  and 
registered  under  Friendly  Societies  Act,  1896. 

Membership  obligatory.  Restricted  to  traffic  uniform 
staff — inspectors,  guards,  porters,  signalmen — employed  in 
Traffic  or  Goods  Departments. 

Age  limit,  18  to  30  years. 

Contributions  graded  according  to  age:  From  18  to  25, 
7d.  per  week;  from  25  to^30,  8d.  per  week.  Railway  makes 
an  annual  grant  of  £1,000. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


97 


Allowances. 


Uniform  benefits:  12s.  for  first  26  weeks,  6s.  for  next 
26  weeks,  and  4s.  for  rest  of  sickness.  Funeral  benefit 
allowance,  for  member,  ,£10,  and  for  member's  wife,  £5. 


"Non-resident." 


Where  member  leaves  Company's  service  society  status 
may  be  retained  on  basis  of  "non-resident"  membership. 


Receipts. 


Average  annual  receipts  about  £17,055;  disbursements 
about  £13,254. 


Number  members. 


Total  membership,    15,919,   or  about  25  per  centum  of 
total  working  force. 


Hull,  Barnsley  &  West  Riding  Junction  Railway  and  Dock 
Company. 

(87  miles;  2,689  employes.) 


Regular  insurance. 


The  Railway  Company  conducts  no  regularly  defined 
insurance  or  relief  undertaking  on  account  of  its  employes, 
but  the  members  of  the  staff  are  permitted  to  act  as  agents 
for  the  Provident  Clerks  and  General  Mutual  Life  Assurance 
Society,  and  the  Provident  Clerks  and  General  Accident 
Insurance  Company,  Limited ;  the  premiums  being  deducted 
from  salaries  and  paid  by  the  Railway  Company  to  the 
Insurance  Companies. 


Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway. 

(571.5  miles;  35,250  employes.) 


Inauguration. 


Objects. 


Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway  Insurance  Society, 
established  about  1854. 

Objects  of  Society  are  to  administer  pecuniary  aid  in 
case  of  temporary  disablement,  also  in  case  of  death  arising 
from  any  cause. 


98 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Participants. 


Membership  obligatory  for  employes  in  Company's 
workshops  or  on  the  line,  or  upon  or  in  connection  with 
trains  (both  goods  and  passenger),  and  optional  with 
Superintendents  and  Permanent-way  Inspectors  on  the 
salaried  list,  Goods  Agents,  Station  Masters,  Clerks-in- 
Charge,  and  Clerks. 

Maximum  age  limit  for  admission  to  Society,  40  years. 

Every  servant  admitted  to  the  Society  must  continue  a 
contributing  member  so  long  as  he  remains  in  employ  of 
Company. 

Medical  examination  not  required  to  secure  admission  to 
membership. 


Contributions  and 
benefits. 


Tables  of  Contributions  and  Benefits. 

Rates  of  contribution  and  benefit  allowances  for  the 
three  classes  of  members  are  given  in  the  three  scales  given 
below,  being  respectively  "A,"  "B,"  and  "C": 


SCALE   A — TEMPORARY   DISABLEMENT. 


Occupation 

OQ 

a 

S 

CU 

M 

o> 
a 

is 

Weekly  allowance  in  case  of  Temporary  Disablement  by  Accident 
whilst  in  the  discharge  of  duty,  the  same  being  professionally  certi- 
fied in  such  manner  as  may  be  required  by  the  Committee,  and 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  rules. 

DURING  FIRST  TWO  WEEKS  OF  DISABLEMENT 

During 
continu- 
ance of 
disable- 
ment, not 
exceeding 
50  weeks 

0] 

5 

Not 
exceeding 
6  Months 
Member- 
ship 

Over 
6  Months 
and  not 
exceeding 
12  Months 
Member- 
ship 

Over 
12  Months 

and  not 
exceeding 
18  Months 
Member- 
ship 

Over 
18  Months 

and  not 
exceeding 
2  Years 
Member- 
ship 

Over 
2  Years 
Member- 
ship. 

1st 
2nd 

Engine  Drivers  must  join" 
this  class,  and  all  other 
employes   in   receipt   of 
21s.   per  week  and  up- 
wards can  do  so  at  their 
L     option 

'  Goods  Guards  and  Firemen") 
must  join  this  class,  and  | 
all  other  employes  in  re-  1 
ceipt  of  17s.  and  under  f 
21s.  per  week  can  do  so 

s.  d. 
0    3 

0    2 

0    1 

s.       d. 
12       0 

9       0 

6       0 

s.       d. 
14       0 

10       6 

7       0 

s.       d. 
16       0 

12       0 

8       0 

s.       d. 
18       0 

13       6 

9       0 

s.        d. 
20       0 

15       0 

10       0 

s.       d. 
7       0 

5       3 

3rd 

f  Employes  whose  wages  are"! 

less  than  17s.  per  week  1 
J      and  not  members  of  the  1 

1st  or  2nd  class  grades,  | 
I      must  be  members  of  this 
I      class J 

3       6 

Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


99 


SCALE   B — TEMPORARY   DISABLEMENT. 

Applicable  only  to  cases  not  coming  under  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  1897. 


DO 

"S 

B 

E 
>> 

eo 
Ph 

3 

CI 

Weekly  allowance  in  case  of  Temporary  Disablement  by  Accident 
whilst  in  the  discharge  of  duty,  the  same  being  professionally  certi- 
fied in  such  manner  as  may  be  required  by  the  Committee,  and 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  rules. 

00 

00 

0 

Not 

exceeding 

6  Months 

service 

Over 
6  Months 

and  not 
exceeding 
12  Months 

service 

Over 
12  Months 

and  not 
exceeding 
18  Months 

service 

Over 

18  Months 
and  not 

exceeding 
2  Years 
service 

Over 
2  Years 
service 

1st  1)                                                     f 
2nd:  > During  First  26  weeks         < 
3rd   j                                                 ( 

lrtK                                                 f 
2nd  '  VDuring  Second  26  weeks. ...< 
3rd    J                                                       ( 

s.  d. 

0    3 
0    2 
0    1 

0    3 
0    2 
0    1 

s.           d. 

12           0 
9           0 
6           0 

6           0 
4           6 
3           0 

s.           d. 

14            0 
10            6 

7            0 

7           0 
5           3 
3           6 

s.           d. 

16           0 

12           0 

8           0 

8           0 
6           0 
4           0 

s.           d. 

18           0 

13           6 

9           0 

9           0 
6           9 
4           6 

s.           d. 

20           0 
15           0 
10           0 

10           0 
7           6 
5           0 

SCALE    C — DEATH    ALLOWANCE. 


Occupation 

00 

a 

09 

a 

>> 

OS 

Ph 
j*, 

3 
s> 
o 

Sum  insured  in  case  of  Death  from  any  cause,  the 
deceased  being  a  member  of  the  Society  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  and  having  been  a  member  dur- 
ing the  Six  Months  immediately  preceding  such 
time  of  death. 

In  case  of 
been  ins 
have  dis 
itable  gr 
thirds  of 
due  had 
period  ol 

DO 

03 

Not  less  than 

6  Months 

and  not 

exceeding 

12  Months 

service 

Over 
12  Months 

and  not 
exceeding 
18  Months 

service 

Over 

18  Months 
and  not 

exceeding 
2  Years 
service 

Over 
2  Years 
service 

Death,  where 
ured  Six  Mor 
cretionary  po 
ant  of  a  sum 
the  amount  w 
the  Member 
Six  Months. 

lot 

s.     d. 
0    3 

0    2 

0    1 

£       s.     d. 
12      0      0 

9     10       0 

7       0       0 

£       s.     d. 
14      0       0 

11       0       0 

8       0      0 

£       s.     d. 
16      0      0 

12     10      0 

9      0       0 

£       s.     d. 
18      0      0 

14      0       0 

10       0      0 

a  Member  has  not 
ths,  the  Committee 
wer  to  make  a  char- 

not  exceeding  two- 
lich  would  have  been 

been  insured  for  a 

?nd 

3rd 

Deficits. 


When  Society  funds  are  found  to  be  insufficient  to  dis- 
charge current  claims  and  expenses,  levy  may  be  made,  not 
to  exceed  two  additional  weekly  contributions  according 
to  scale  (members  in  receipt  of  less  than  10s.  per  week 
excepted),  during  a  period  of  six  months. 


Allowance  when  retired 
or  dismissed  for  infirmity, 
under  and  over  age  60. 


In  case  of  retirement  or  dismissal  from  service,  under  60 
years  of  age,  through  ill  health  arising  from  natural  causes, 
or  result  of  accident  incurred  on  or  off  duty,  Society,  in 


100 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


event  of  death,  pays  death  allowance  according  to  Scale  C, 
subject  to  existing  rule,  provided  such  member  has  during 
incapacity  contributed  one-fourth  of  annual  premium  he 
was  paying  prior  to  becoming  incapacitated;  otherwise,  in 
event  of  recovering  and  being  able  to  follow  employment 
other  than  in  Company's  service,  and  in  case  he  has  been  a 
contributing  member  for  25  years,  he  may  be  paid  an  amount 
equal  to  one-half  the  death  allowance  provided  for  his  class 
in  Scale  C,  and  thereupon  have  no  further  claim  on  the 
Society. 

In  case  of  member  60  years  of  age  and  over,  who  has  been 
a  contributing  member  for  20  years,  there  is  paid  an  amount 
equal  to  two-thirds  of  the  death  allowance  provided  for 
his  class  in  Scale  C. 


Mortality  rate. 
Total  membership. 


Average  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members,  10. 

Total  membership  at  end  of  1903,  31,716,  or  about  90 
per  centum  of  entire  working  force. 


Distribution  of  employes  by  occupations: 


Occupation 


Employes  by  occupations. 


General  Officers 

Other  Officers.. 

General  Office  Clerks 

Station  Agents  (Freight  and  Passenger) 

Other  Stationmen_ 

Enginemen,  all  trains 

Firemen,  all  trains 

Conductors,  all  trains. 

Other  Trainmen. 

Machinists,  Carpenters ._. 

Other  Shopmen,  Section  Foremen. 

Other  Trackmen. 

Switchmen,  Flagmen. 

Watchmen 

Telegraph  Operators  and  Dispatchers 

Employes  account  of  Floating  Equipment. 

Clerks  at  stations. • 

Permanent-way  Men 

All  other  employes  and  laborers 

Total 


Number 


24 
26 

932 

258 
3,749 
1,014 
1,155 
2,788 
3,599 
4,168 
4,570 
2,489 

745 
96 

618 
2,489 
3,020 
2,257 
1,253 


35,250 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


101 


Receipts 


Disbursements. 


Total  receipts  since  January  1,  1873,  £363,074;  average 
annual  receipts,  £11,712. 

Total  disbursements  since  January  1,   1873,  £343,113; 
average  annual  disbursements,  £11,066. 


Participants. 


All  employes  under  40  years  of  age  required  to  join. 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(1,945*  miles;  82,835  employes.; 


Societies  discussed. 


The  following  insurance  organizations  will  be  discussed 
herein,  and  in  the  order  indicated : 


a. — London    &    North    Western    Railway    Insurance 
Society. 

b. — Locomotive  Works  Insurance  Society. 

c. — Locomotive   Running  Department  Insurance  So- 
ciety. 


a. — London  &  North  Western  Railway  Insurance 
Society. 


Inauguration. 


Established   October   1,    1871;   reorganized  January    1, 
1881;  and  reorganized  July  1,  1898. 


Objects. 


Objects  are: 

a. — To  provide,  by  members'  contributions  assisted 
by  a  small  annual  contribution  by  the  Company, 
an  allowance  for  temporary  and  permanent 
disablement,  and  death  from  accident  on  duty, 
and  a  smaller  allowance  on  death  from  other 
causes. 


102 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


b. — Reorganized  January  1,  1881,  to  provide,  by  a 
much  larger  contribution  from  the  Company 
(equal  to  five-sixths  of  the  members'  contribu- 
tions), increased  allowances  for  disablement  and 
death  from  accident  on  duty,  being  a  mutual 
arrangement  by  which  the  Company  contracted 
out  of  the  Employers'  Liability  Act,  then  enacted 
by  Parliament. 

c. — Reorganized  July  1,  1898,  on  Workmen's  Compen- 
sation Act  going  into  operation,  to  provide,  from 
the  members'  own  contributions  only,  allowances 
in  cases  of  disablement  and  death  from  accident 
on  duty,  to  supplement  the  compensation  pay- 
able by  the  Company  under  the  act,  the  allow- 
ance payable  at  death  from  other  causes  being 
also  retained,  and  the  mutual  arrangement 
between  the  members  and  the  Company  under 
clause  "b"  hereof  ceasing. 


Membership. 


Membership  is  voluntary,  but  is  restricted  to  the  regular 
weekly  wages  staff  (the  men  in  the  locomotive  works  and 
running  department,  who  have  similar  societies  of  their 
own — hereinafter  discussed — not  being  eligible),  and  extra 
and  temporary  staff  of  not  less  than  six  months'  service. 


Admission  features.  N0    medical    examination    for    purposes    of    admission. 

Every  servant  on  becoming  eligible  is  invited  to  join.  If 
he  elects  to  do  so,  he  becomes  a  member  forthwith  on  signing 
the  necessary  declaration  form;  otherwise  his  decision  not 
to  do  so  is  recorded. 


Membership  classification. 


Membership  class  is  governed  by  rate  of  pay,  there  being 
three  classes: 


Under  12s.  per  week. 3rd  class. 

12s.  and  under  21s.  per  week 2nd  class. 

21s.  per  week  and  upwards 2nd  or  1st  class — optional. 


Insurance  and  Reuef  Provision. 


103 


Scale  of  contributions  and  Membership    weekly    contributions    fixed    according    to 

class,  as  per  following  scale  of  contributions  and  benefits. 


a 
U 

Occupation 

Weekly 
Payments 

Weekly  allowance  in  case  of 
temporary  disablement  by 
accident  while  in  discharge 
of  duty  and  in  Company's 
service,    the    same    being 
professionally  certified  as 
may  be  required  by  Com- 
mittee 

Sum  insured 
in   case    of 
death  from 
cause  other 
than    acci- 
dent    on 
duty 

Allowance  to  be  paid 
a  member  perma- 
nently disabled  for 
work  owing  to  ac- 
cident in  discharge 
of  duty  in  the  serv- 
ice, or  to  repre- 
sentatives in  event 
of  his  death  from 
such     cause,     in 

During     first 
two   weeks 
of   disable- 
ment 

Thereafter 
not  exceed- 
i  n  g    fifty 
weeks 

which  Company  is 
not  liable  under 
Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Act,  or 
is  only  liable  up  to 
sum  o'f  £io 

1st... 

Members  in  receipt  of 
wages  21s.  per  week 
or  over.. 

0s.  3d. 
0s.  2d. 
0s.  Id. 

24s.  0d. 

16s.  Od. 

8s.  Od. 

12s.  Od. 

8s.  Od. 
4s.  Od. 

£15  0s.  Od. 

£10  0s.  Od. 

£5  0s.  Od. 

£60  0s  Od 

2nd.. 

Members  in  receipt  of 
wages  12s.  per  week 
or  over.. 

£40  0s.  Od 

3rd., 

Boys    and    persons 
whose  wages  are  un- 
der 12s.  per  week. 

£20  0s.  Od. 

No  extra  assessments  are  made. 


Financing. 


Investments. 


Special  levy. 


Total  receipts. 


Receipts  are  entirely  made  up  of  members'  contributions, 
and  interest  on  accumulated  fund.  Society  receives  no 
outside  assistance. 

Railway  Company  holds  whole  of  Society  balance, 
allowing  interest  thereon  at  rate  of  4  per  centum  per  annum. 
The  Trustees,  however,  with  consent  of  Committee  of 
Management,  may  invest  Society's  money  in  the  public 
funds,  or  debenture  stock  or  guaranteed  preference  stock 
of  any  railway  company  in  the  United  Kingdom  paying  a 
dividend  on  ordinary  capital. 

Under  the  rules,  the  Committee  may  make  a  levy  not 
exceeding  two  additional  weekly  contributions,  according  to 
scale,  during  a  period  of  three  months ;  and  provision  is  also 
made  for  rearrangement  of  scale  of  payments  and  benefits 
on  report  of  actuary;  these  provisions  have  not,  however, 
been  put  in  force. 

Total  receipts  since  inauguration  (reorganization), 
.£120,489. 


104 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 

Average  annual  receipts,  ,£24,098,  made  up: 

Accident ,£23,166 

Other  sources..... 932 

£24,098 

Total  disbursements  since  inauguration,   £107,360. 

Average  annual  disbursements,  £21,471,  made  up: 

Accident _ £15,071 

Death  (other  than  accident  on  duty) 4,296 

£19,367 

Operating  expenses... 2,093 

Other  expenses 1 1 

£21,471 

Sick  benefits  are  not  provided. 

Mortality  rate,  8.115  per  1,000  members. 

Total    membership,  49,680,  or  60    per   centum  of    total 
working  force. 


Annual  receipts. 


Total  disbursements. 
Annual  disbursements. 


No  sick  benefits. 
Mortality  rate. 
Number  members. 


Inauguration. 


Object. 


Basis  of  2-week  benefit 
period. 


b. — London  &   North  Western   Railway   Locomotive 
Works  Insurance  Society. 

Established  July  1,  1898,  headquarters  being  at  Engine 
Works,  Crewe,  England. 

Object  is  to  provide  pecuniary  relief  for  members  in  cases 
of  temporary  disablement,  for  a  period  of  two  weeks,  arising 
from  accident,  howsoever  caused,  while  on  duty,  and  also 
in  all  cases  of  death,  except  from  accident  while  on  duty. 

Limitation  of  payment  of  temporary  disablement  allow- 
ance to  two  weeks  is  consequent  upon  the  men  afterwards 
becoming  entitled  to  compensation  under  the  provisions 
of  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  1897,  on  the  expiration 
of  a  fortnight  from  date  of  accident. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


105 


Membership. 


Age  limit. 


Financing. 


Reserve  Fund. 


Company  attitude. 


Out-membership. 


Three  classes  of  members,  all  of  whom  are  on  admission 
persons  employed  by  the  Railway  Company  in  its  locomotive 
engine  and  general  manufacture  works,  or  employed  by 
contractors  or  piecemasters  working  in,  or  in  connection 
with,  those  works. 

No  person  admitted  into  Society  whose  age  exceeds  40 
years. 

Funds  necessary  to  meet  the  objects  of  the  Society  are 
secured  by  calls  made  upon  the  members  at  such  times  as 
the  Committee  of  Management  may  determine,  the  calls 
and  benefits  being  in  accordance  with  the  following  scale : 


Class 

Qualification 

Amount  of  each  call 

Weekly  allowance  in 
case  of  temporary 
disablement  by 
accident  met  with 
while    in    the    dis- 
charge of  duty  for 
a  period  not  exceed- 
ing two  weeks 

Payment    in  case  of 
death    from     ali 
causes  except  from 
accident    while   on 
duty 

1st 

Persons  rated  at  26s.  per 
week  and  above. 

£  s.  d. 

1    0 

8 

4 

£     s.     d. 

15     0 

10     0 

5     0 

£     s.     d. 
10     0     0 

2nd.... 

Persons  rated  from   16s. 
to  26s.  per  week 

7  10      0 

3rd 

Persons  rated  under  16s. 
per  week 

5     0      0 

Reserve  Fund,  to  meet  Society  requirements  (maximum 
amount  of  which  is  fixed  from  time  to  time  by  members' 
delegates  in  general  meeting),  is  formed  by  sums  set  aside 
out  of  amounts  realized  from  time  to  time  by  membership 
calls,  the  amount  to  be  thus  set  aside  being  determined  by 
Committee  of  Management. 

Railway  Company  makes  no  contribution  to  funds,  but 
simply  collects  calls  as  desired  from  time  to  time  through 
weekly  wages  bills,  and  pays  such  amounts  into  bank  to  the 
credit  of  the  account  of  the  Society. 

Where  member  upon  being  transferred  to  another 
department  of  service  is  too  old  to  join  the  insurance  society 
connected  therewith,  he  is  allowed  to  retain  his  membership 
in  the  Works  Insurance  Society,  provided  he  makes  applica- 
tion immediately  the  transfer  has  been  effected. 


106 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Receipts. 


Disbursements. 
Average  age. 

Span  of  life. 
Number  members. 


Where  member  is  retired  on  pension,  he  may,  by  continu- 
ing to  pay  until  death  the  Society  calls,  secure  to  his  repre- 
sentatives at  death  the  natural  death  allowance  according 
to  foregoing  scale. 

Five  calls  made  on  members  during  year  ending  June  30, 
1903,  from  which  were  realized  ,£1,381  12s.  Od.  Total 
receipts  during  the  year — arising  from  calls,  interest  on 
cash  in  bank,  and  fines  and  forfeitures — amounted  to 
£1,384  14s.  lid. 

Total  disbursements  during  year  ending  June  30,  1903, 
about  £1,382,  for  claims  allowed  and  expenses. 

Average  age  of  84  members  whose  death  occurred  during 
above  period  was  51  £  years. 

Average  span  of  life  in  the  United  Kingdom,  41  £  years. 

Total  membership  June  30,  1903,  7,731. 


Inauguration. 
Objects. 


c. — London  &  North  Western  Railway  Insurance 
Society  (Running  Department). 

Established  about  1867. 

Objects  are  payment  of  pecuniary  relief  in  cases  of 
disablement  while  on  duty  during  the  first  fortnight  after 
the  accident,  not  provided  for  by  Workmen's  Compensation 
Act,  1897;  in  cases  of  permanent  disablement  by  accident 
when  on  duty;  and  at  death  from  accident  when  on  duty 
and  from  natural  causes. 


Membership  classification. 


Society  membership  is  divided  into  three  classes,  viz.: 

No.  1. — Consisting  of  Drivers  and  Assistant  Foremen. 
No.  2. — Consisting    of     Firemen     and     Steam     Shed 

Mechanics. 
No.  3. — Consisting  of  Cleaners,   Laborers,  etc. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


107 


Changing  classes. 


Financing. 


Scale  of  calls  and  benefits. 


Admission  age. 


Age  for  class  change. 
Company  attitude. 

Investments. 


Member  in  No.  2  class  can  join  No.  1  class,  and  member 
in  No.  3  class  can  join  No.  2  class,  by  paying  the  increased 
subscription  for  the  respective  classes,  and  will  thereby  be 
entitled  to  receive  benefits  accruing  from  the  Insurance 
Society  according  to  the  class  to  which  contribution  is  made. 

Funds  are  secured  by  calls  made  from  time  to  time  by 
Committee  of  Management  upon  the  members,  when  the 
Contingent  Fund  is  reduced  to  £2,000,  but  in  no  case  is 
more  than  one  call  made  in  any  one  week. 

There  is  given  next  below  a  scale  of  calls  and  benefits 
of  the  Society: 


Class 

Calls 

Occupation 

Insurance  Payments 

s.     d. 

£     s.     d. 

1 

1       0 

8 

Drivers 

50     0     01  Permanent      die- 

2 

Firemen,  etc 

32  10     0  [      ablement. 

3 

4 

Cleaners,  etc... 

16     5     0  J  Death  benefits. 

f  Amount  payable  to 

1 

1      0 

Firemen,  etc... 

50     0    0         Firemen   in    1st 

2 

8 

Cleaners,  etc.. 
Weekly  Payments. 

32  10     0  |       and  Cleaners  in 
L      2nd  class. 

f  For  temporary  or  permanent 
disablement   allowance    for 

£     s.     d. 

1 

1      0 

1       1     0 

1       first  two  weeks  from  date  of 
|       accident  on  duty,  not  pro- 

2 

8 

14     0 

3 

4 

7     0 

vided    for    by    Workmen's 
[      Compensation  Act,  1897. 

Thirty-five  years  is  maximum  membership  admission  age, 
and  no  person  after  being  in  the  service  of  Company  six 
months  can  be  admitted  to  membership  without  physician's 
health  certificate. 

No  member  allowed  to  change  his  class  after  age  35. 

Railway  Company  sustains  same  relation  to  the  Society 
as  in  the  case  of  the  Locomotive  Works  Insurance  Society 
{vide  supra). 

Society  funds  are  invested  in  the  London  &  North 
Western  Railway  Savings  Bank  {vide  infra). 


108 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Disability  allowance  at 
age  60. 


Member  who,  through  defective  eyesight  or  hearing,  or 
is  unable  to  follow,  or  retires  from,  his  usual  employment, 
after  attaining  60  years  of  age,  and  having  contributed  20 
years  to  Class  1,  2,  or  3,  also  providing  he  has  not  received 
any  part  payment,  is  granted  the  sum  of  .£30,  ,£20,  or  ,£10, 
according  to  class,  in  the  order  named,  and  as  a  payment  on 
account  of  natural  death  allowance. 


Disability  allowance  after 
10  years'  membership. 


Member  of  10  years'  standing,  who  becomes  totally 
incapacitated  by  natural  causes  for  a  period  of  two  years, 
can  obtain,  on  production  of  two  medical  certificates,  a  pay- 
ment of  ,£25,  ,£17,  or  £9,  according  to  class,  on  account  of 
natural  death  allowance. 


Retention  of  membership 
after  leaving  service. 


Receipts. 


Disbursements. 


Deficit. 


Contingent  Fund. 


Member  of  not  less  than  10  years'  standing  may  continue 
his  membership  in  the  Society,  upon  leaving  service  or  upon 
transfer  to  another  branch  of  Locomotive  Department,  by 
keeping  up  regular  contributions  therefor. 

Receipts  for  year  ending  December  31,  1903,  about 
£6,580. 

Disbursements  for  year  ending  December  31,  1903,  about 

£6,898. 

Deficit  for  1903,  £318,  covered  by  surplus  of  income  and 
expenditure  account  as  of  January  1,  1903,  amounting  to 
£2,157. 

Requisite  Contingent  Fund,  kept  in  bank,  was  maintained 
at  minimum  of  £2,000  during  the  year,  the  balance  at  the 
end  of  1903  standing  at  £2,126  2s.  9d. 


Number  members. 


Total    membership    at    end    of    1903    was    11,490,    with 
following  distribution  by  classes: 

1st  class 5,215 

2nd  class 2,443 

3rd  class 3,832 

11,490 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


109 


Following  is  table   showing  the  numerical   strength   of 
employes  of  the  Company,  by  occupations,  at  close  of  1903: 


Table  of  employes,  by 
occupations. 


Occupation 


Principal  Officers 

Brakesmen 

Capstanmen. 

Capstanlads 

Carmen — Adult 

Carmen — Junior,  i.  e.,  Vanguards,  etc 

Carriage  Cleaners — Adult 

Carriage  Cleaners — Junior. 

Carriage  and  Wagon  Examiners 

Checkers — Adult.. 

Checkers — Junior. 

Checkers,  Chain  Boys  and  Slippers — Adult.. 
Checkers,  Chain  Boys  and  Slippers — Junior. 

Clerks— Adult. 

Clerks — Junior 

Engine  Cleaners — Adult 

Engine  Cleaners — Junior.. 

Engine  Drivers. 

Firemen 

Gatekeepers.. 

Greasers — Adult. 

Greasers — Junior.. _ 

Guards  (Passenger) 

Horsedri vers  (Shunting) 

Inspectors  (Permanent  Way) 

Inspectors  (Others) 

Laborers — Adult 

Laborers — Junior. 

Lampmen.. 

Lamplads.. 

Loaders  and  Sheeters.. 

Mechanics — Adult. 

Mechanics — Junior 

Messengers — Adult— 

Messengers — Junior 

Number  Takers — Adult.. 

Number  Takers — Junior. 

Permanent  Way  Men.. 

Pointsmen  (Ground) 

Policemen. 

Porters — Adult _ 

Porters — Junior.. 

Shunters 

Signal  Fitters  and  Telegraph  Wiremen 

Signalmen 

Signal-box  Lads 

Station  Masters  and  Goods  Agents. 

Ticket  Collectors  and  Examiners.. 

Watchmen. 

Yardsmen.. 

Foremen  (Permanent  Way). 

Foremen  (Others).. 

'Busdrivers 

Point  Cleaners 

Stablemen  and  Horsekeepers 

Miscellaneous — Adults _ 

Miscellaneous — Juniors 


Number 
of  Staff 


TotaL.. 


110 

2,139 

358 

17 

3,657 

1,315 

1,050 

54 

368 

1,875 

45 

20 

51 

7,320 

1,953 

2,448 

533 

4,085 

2,868 

249 

97 

30 

629 

180 

68 

554 

9,290 

548 

201 

8 

673 

10,948 

2,138 

110 

495 

42 

95 

7,276 

18 

103 

6,151 

1,135 

1,348 

115 

3,025 

67 

877 

265 

72 

102 

14 

1,775 

24 

58 

327 

3,067 

395 

82,835 


110 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Inauguration. 


Start  of  benefits. 


Refund. 


Midland  Railway. 

(*2,76H  miles;  71,091  employes.) 
(♦Includes  1,385  miles  Joint  Lines.) 

Midland  Railway  Friendly  Society,  established  Septem- 
ber 1,  1859,  providing  for  sickness,  accident,  old  age,  death, 
and  death  of  members'  wives. 

Benefits  of  Society  not  extended,  except  for  accident  and 
medical  attendance  and  medicine,  until  after  12  weeks' 
subscription  to  the  funds;  but  if  before  that  period  has 
elapsed  the  member  dies,  or  from  any  cause  leaves  the 
service  of  Company,  the  amount  he  has  subscribed  will  be 
refunded  upon  written  application  duly  made  and  approved. 


Table  of  Contributions  and  Benefits. 

A  Member  becomes  ''Free,"  or  entitled  to  claim  and  receive  all  benefits,  at  the  end  of 
three  months  after  entering  the  Society. 


contributions. 

(For  all  Members  admitted  after  1st  July,  1879.) 


Age  on  Admission 

Entrance  Fee 

Fortnightly  Contribution 

s. 

d. 

8. 

d. 

*14  and  under  18 

1 

0 

0 

8 

18           "           21 

1 

0 

1 

1 

3 

21            "           25 

2 

0 

25           "           28 

4 

0 

1 

5 

28           "           31 

6 

0 

1 

7 

31           "           35 

10 

0 

1 

9 

All  members  admitted  prior  to  1st  July,  1879,  pay  a  contribution  of  Is.  3d.  per  fortnight,  should  they  be 
still  in  the  service  of  the  Midland  Railway  Company.  Those  members  who  had  left  the  service  prior  to  1st 
January,  1880,  pay  a  contribution  of  Is.  per  fortnight. 

*  Junior  members  between  14  and  18  receive  half  benefits. 

BENEFITS  RECEIVABLE  BY  MEMBERS  WHILE  IN  THE  SERVICE  OF  THE  MIDLAND  RAILWAY 

COMPANY. 


Weekly  allowance  in  Sickness  during 


Sum  payable  on  the  death  of  a 


26  Weeks 

Remainder  of  Sickness 

Member 

Member's  Wife 

12s. 
for  ordinary  sickness,  and 
such  cases  of  accident  for 
which  compensation  is  not 
recoverable  from  the  Co. 
under      the      Workmen's 
Compensation  Act,   1897. 

6s. 
for  ordinary  sickness,  and 
such  cases  of  accident  for 
which  compensation  is  not 
recoverable  from  the  Co. 
under      the      Workmen's 
Compensation  Act,   1897. 

£12 

£5 

In  addition  to  any  sum 

that  may  be  due  to  such 

as    contribute     to     the 

2  Weeks 

Remainder  of  Sickness 

12s. 
for      accidental      sickness 
when  compensation  is  re- 
coverable   from    the    Co. 
under      the      Workmen's 
Compensation  Act,   1897. 

6s. 
for       accidental      sickness 
when  compensation  is  re- 
coverable   from    the    Co. 
under      the      Workmen's 
Compensation  Act,  1897. 

Wives'  Burial  Fund. 

A  Superannuation  allowance  of  8s.  per  week  on  attaining  65  years  of  age,  to  members  claiming  the  same, 
in  which  case  the  contribution  ceases. 

BENEFITS  RECEIVABLE  BY  MEMBERS  AFTER  LEAVING  THE  SERVICE  OF  THE  MIDLAND 

RAILWAY  COMPANY. 


Weekly  allowance  in  Sickness  during 

Sum  payable  on  the  death  of  a 

26  Weeks 

Remainder  of  Sickness 

Member 

Member's  Wife 

10s. 

5s. 

£10 

£5  or  £10 
to  such  members  as  con- 
tribute to  the 
Wives'  Burial  Fund. 

A  Superannuation  allowance  on  attaining  65  years  of  age,  under  certain  conditions, 
and  medicine  are  also  orovided. 


Medical  attendance 


Company  contribution. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Ill 


Scale  of  benefits  above  indicated  is  framed  on  basis  of 
an  annual  contribution  by  the  Railway  Company  at  rate 
of  10s.  per  member.  In  event  of  cessation  or  diminution 
of  such  contribution,  the  scale  of  benefits  may  be  subject  to 
proportionate  reduction.  Company  subscription  for  year 
ending  December  31,  1903,  amounted  to  .£19,414. 


Refund  provision. 


If  an  adult  member  of  Society  for  eight  years  at  least,  the 
aggregate  amount  of  contributions  is  ascertained,  from 
which  total  amount  of  payments  made  to  him,  if  any,  and 
a  sum  calculated  at  rate  of  6s.  per  annum  to  cover  cost  of 
medical  attendance  and  management,  is  deducted,  and  he 
is  thereupon  entitled  to  a  return  of  25  per  centum  upon  the 
balance  then  remaining,  which  residuary  amount  is  denomi- 
nated "the  retiring  percentage." 

If  an  adult  member  for  at  least  10  years,  he  has  the  option 
of  receiving  the  above-mentioned  retiring  percentage,  or  of 
remaining  a  member  of  the  Society  entitled  to  receive  the 
benefits  prescribed  for  Out-Members. 


Commutation  of 
superannuation  allowance. 


Managing  Committee  may  agree  with  member  aged  65 
years,  who  has  become  entitled  to  a  superannuation  allow- 
ance, for  payment  to  him  of  a  lump  sum  of  money  in  satis- 
faction and  discharge  of  his  claim  to  such  allowance. 

Members  receiving  superannuation  allowance  cease  to 
make  contributions  to  Society,  but  are  entitled  to  medical 
attendance  and  medicine  and  to  payments  on  death. 


Wives'  Burial  Fund. 


Member  may,  under  prescribed  conditions,  become  a 
member  of  Wives'  Burial  Fund,  and  thereupon  be  liable 
to  subscribe  his  proportion  of  such  funds,  the  necessary 
calls  to  be  made  from  time  to  time,  no  one  call  to  exceed 
the  sum  of  3d. 

Widow  of  deceased  member,  who  has  been  a  member 
of  Wives'  Burial  Fund  for  period  of  12  months,  may,  under 
prescribed  conditions,  continue  to  contribute  to  such  Fund, 
and  will  be  deemed  a  member  of  the  Society  for  the  purpose 
only  of  insuring  sum  of  ,£5  at  her  death. 


112 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Entrants'  age. 

Average  age  of  deceased 
members. 


Members  60  years  and  over. 


Receipts  and  disburse- 
ments. 


Number  members. 


Average  age  of  new  entrants  during  1903  was  21  years. 

Average  age  of  members  deceased  during  1903  (including 
ages  17  to  84  years)  was  48  years. 

Number  of  members  60  years  of  age  and  over  on  Decem- 
ber 31,  1903,  was  1,570,  of  whom  1,337  were  Service  Mem- 
bers and  233  Out-Members. 

Avearge  annual  receipts  for  six-year  period,  1898  to 
1903,  approximately  £85,000,  and  disbursements  £52,000. 
Receipts  during  year  ending  December  31,  1903,  £92,650, 
and  disbursements  £56,047. 

Total  membership  June  30,  1860,  2,265,  and  on  Decem- 
ber 31,  1903,  33,903,  or  about  48  per  centum  of  entire 
working  force. 


Employes  by  occupations. 


Distribution  of  employes  by  occupations: 


Occupation 


General  Officers 

Other  Officers.. : 

General  Office  Clerks — salaried  Staff  and  works  Foremen 

Station  Agents  (Freight  and  Passenger) 

Other  Stationmen.. 

Enginemen,  all  trains.. 

Firemen,  all  trains. 

Conductors,  all  trains 

Other  Trainmen. _ 

Machinists. 

Carpenters 

Other  Shopmen 

Section  Foremen  of  Permanent  Way... 

Other  Trackmen 

Switchmen... 

Watchmen,  Detectives  and  Policemen. 

Telegraph  Operators _ 

Employes  account  of  Floating  Equipment. 

All  other  employes  and  laborers.... 

Total.. 


Number 


14 

89 

7,469 

640 

20,952 

3,208 

3,191 

3,408 

196 

1,025 

1,564 

8,840 

835 

3,459 

3,213 

205 

612 

1,401 

10,770 


71,091 


Inauguration. 


North  British  Railway. 

(1,442  miles;  22,000  employes.) 

North  British  Railway  Insurance  Society,  established 
about  1853,  providing  for  accident,  sickness,  old  age,  and 
death. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


•113 


Risk"  feature. 


Membership. 


Contributions  and  benefits. 


Employes  running  the  greatest  risk  pay  the  highest  pre- 
miums, and  receive  a  larger  allowance  for  accident  only. 

Membership  is  both  compulsory  and  voluntary,  servants 
in  the  working  department,  such  as  engine  drivers,  firemen, 
guards,  shunters,  porters,  signalmen,  etc.,  being  in  former 
class,  and  those  who  are  not  members  of  North  British 
Railway  Superannuation  Fund  Association,  being  in  latter 
class. 

Members  in  compulsory  class  not  required  to  produce 
medical  certificate  to  secure  admission;  all  others  must 
produce  medical  certificate  of  health,  and  are  not  admitted 
unless  under  age  35  years,  which  is  the  only  age  restriction 
for  membership. 

Table  of  Contributions  and  Benefits.* 


Occupation 


Engine  Drivers 

Guards  and  Shunters  (Goods) 

Guards  and  Shunters  (Passenger) 

Station,  Grain,  and  other  Porters. 

Pointsmen  and  Signalmen 

Ticket  Collectors  and  Checkers.. 

Policemen  and  Bankheadmen.. 

Gatekeepers  and  Carters 

Firemen,  Cleaners,  and  Coalmen 

Kindlers,  Packers,  and  Tubers... 

Laborers,  Shedmen,  Greasers, 
Washers  Out,  and  Engine 
Turners 

Carriage  and  Wagon  Examiners 

Boys  and  others  whose  wages  are 
10s.  a  week  and  under 


6d. 
6d. 
5d. 
5d. 
5d. 
5d. 
5d. 
5d. 
5d. 
5d. 

5d. 

5d. 
3d. 


Weekly  Allowance  for  the  first 
two  weeks  and  under,  in 
cases  of  Total  or  Partial 
Disablement  by  Accident 
whilst  in  the  discharge  of 
duty,  and  in  the  Company's 
or  Joint  Committee's  ser- 
vice, the  same  being  pro- 
fessionally certified  in  such 
manner  as  may  be  required 
by  the  Committee. 


17s.  6d. 

17s.  6d. 

15s. 

15s. 

15s. 

15s. 

15s. 

15s. 

15s. 

15s. 

15s. 


A  sum  not  exceeding  their 
weekly  wages 


5  B  S"5s 


Si  * 


5s. 


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Note. — Agents,  Inspectors  and  Clerks  are  at  liberty  to  join  any  Class,  provided  the  amount  of  weekly  allow- 
ance, in  case  of  accident,  for  such  Class  does  not  exceed  their  weekly  earnings. 

*  Members  receiving  serious  injuries  necessitating  the  amputation  of  a  leg,  foot,  arm,  or  hand,  and  who  may  be 
taken  to  their  own  homes  or  private  houses  for  treatment,  receive  2s.  6d.  per  week  in  addition  to  the  allow- 
ances above  mentioned. 


Refund. 


Member  of  five  years'  standing  and  upwards,  on  leaving 
or  being  dismissed  the  Company's  service,  is  entitled  to 
receive  an  equal  share  of  sum  at  credit  of  Society  (based  on 
membership)  at  close  of  the  year  to  31st  December  preced- 
ing date  of  his  application  for  same. 


114 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Out-membership. 


Member  of  10  years'  standing  and  upwards,  on  leaving 
or  being  dismissed  the  Company's  service,  who  is  desirous 
of  retaining  connection  with  the  Society,  may  lodge  applica- 
tion accordingly,  and  if  this  is  sustained  he  is  enrolled  as  a 
Non-Resident  Member;  or  he  may  have  the  option  of 
accepting  his  share  of  the  funds  under  same  conditions  as 
members  of  5  years'  standing. 


Deficits. 


Fund  deficiencies  met  by  levying  additional  contributions. 


Receipts  and 
disbursements. 


Receipts   for    year   ending    December    31,    1903,    about 
,£13,000;  disbursements  about  ,£12,000. 


Number  members. 


Total  membership  December  31,  1903,  10,585,  or  about 
48  per  centum  of  entire  working  force. 


Inauguration. 


North  British  Railway  Locomotive,   Carriage  and  Wagon 
Departments  Yearly  Friendly  Society,  established  in  1878. 


Table   Showing   Weekly    Payments   and   Benefits  in 
Sickness,  and  Funeral  Allowances. 


Number 
of  Shares 


Amount  of  Contributions 
per  week. 


Aliment 
per  week 
durina:  ill- 


Funeral  Allowances 


For  first  12  weeks. 

One  Penny 

Twopence 

Threepence 

Fourpence 

Fivepence 

From  12  to  24  weeks. 

One  Penny 

Twopence 

Threepence  

Fourpence 

Fivepence 

From  24  to  .52  weeks 

One  Penny 

Twopence 

Threepence 

Fourpence 

Fivepence 


£  s.  d. 

0  2  9 

0  5  6 

0  8  3 

0  11  0 

0  13  9 


Member 


d. 

5     0 

10     0 

15     0 

0     0 

5     0 


Wife 

s.  d. 

15  0 

10  0 

5  0 

0  0 

15  0 


s.    d. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


115 


Share  allotment  basis. 


Refund  on  leaving  service. 


Distribution  of  surplus 
funds. 


Shares  allotted  at  rate  of  Id.  per  week  represent  the 
weekly  contribution,  and  these  shares  determine  the  class  of 
benefits  to  which  members  are  entitled,  but  no  member 
can  hold  less  than  two  nor  more  than  five  shares. 

Members  whose  weekly  wages  do  not  exceed  10s.  cannot 
hold  more  than  two  shares;  15s.,  three  shares;  and  20s.,  four 
shares.  Each  workman  on  entering  Society  must  pay 
threepence  per  share  as  entry  money. 

Members  leaving  Company's  service,  or  being  discharged 
(providing  they  have  not  received  any  benefits  of  the 
Society  for  the  current  year),  are  entitled  to  receive  one- 
tenth  of  the  contributions  they  may  have  paid  into  the 
funds,  and  thereupon  cease  to  be  members  of  and  have  no 
further  claim  on  the  Society. 

At  the  close  of  each  fiscal  year  the  funds  of  the  Society 
remaining  after  defraying  all  expenses  due  for  the  year, 
and  retaining  threepence  per  share  as  entry-money,  are 
divided  among  the  members  according  to  the  amount  they 
have  paid  in. 


Employes,  by  occupations. 


Distribution  of  employes  by  occupations: 


Occupation 


General  Officers 

Other  Officers. 

General  Office  Clerks. 

Station  Agents  (Freight  and  Passenger) 

Other  Stationmen. 

Enginemen,  all  trains 

Firemen,  all  trains _ 

Conductors,  all  trains... 

Other  Trainmen... 

Machinists _ 

Carpenters_ 

Other  Shopmen 

Section   Foremen. 

Other  Trackmen 

Switchmen,  Flagmen,  and  Watchmen.... 

Telegraph  Operators 

All  other  employes  and  laborers 


Total.. 


Number 


15 

19 

2,085 

465 
2,164 
1,284 
1,252 
1,250 
2,399 

356 

504 
2,190 

685 
3,205 

232 
1,512 
2,383 


22,000 


116 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


No  organization. 


Company  arrangement. 


North  Eastern  Railway. 

(1,669.5  miles;  51,356  employes.*) 

(*  Represents  number  of  employes  as  of  December  31,  1902.) 

Company  conducts  no  regular  insurance  fund  for  its  em- 
ployes. 

Payments  made  to  staff  during  absence  from  duty  owing 
to  sickness,  and  not  the  result  of  accident,  are  governed  by 
regulations  under  which  the  clerical  staff,  foremen,  in- 
spectors, and  others  who  receive  no  extra  payment  for  over- 
time, are  allowed  full  wages  for  a  period  not  exceeding 
twelve  (12)  weeks,  which  allowance  period  is  in  many  cases 
extended. 


Arrangement  for  overtime. 


No  allowance  is  made  to  staff  paid  extra  when  required 
to  work  overtime  (artisans  and  others). 


Accident. 


Payments  in  case  of  accident  are  governed  by  the 
Employers'  Liability  Act,  1897,  although  the  Company 
frequently  grants  allowances  beyond  those  provided  for 
by  the  Act. 


Donations  to  widows.  Donations  are  also  made  to  the  widows  of  men  who  have 

died  in  the  service  of  the  Company,  varying  in  amount 
according  to  the  positions  of  the  men  and  their  length  of 
service.  These  donations  are  paid  in  many  cases  out  of  a 
fund  known  as  the  Benevolent  Fund,  consisting  of  the 
accumulated  moneys  which  have  accrued  from  fines  paid  by 
the  Company's  servants. 


Inauguration. 


Contribution. 


Tafj  Vale  Railway. 

(124.25  miles;  4,386  employes.) 

Taff  Vale  Railway  Employes'  Accident  Fund,  established 
July  1,  1898. 

Members  contribute  |d.  for  every  10s.  or  fraction  thereof 
received  as  wages,  and  Company,  as  Treasurer,  deducts 
same  on  wage-lists. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


117 


Table  of  accident  pay. 


Table  of  Accident  Pay. 

Wages  per  fortnight  not  exceeding  10s Benefits  per  fortnight     6s. 


Exceeding  10s.  but  not  exceeding..   20s 

20s. '  30s 

30s.  "     "            "               40s 

40s.  "     "            "               50s 

50s.  "      "            "                60s 

60s.  "      "            "                70s 

70s.  "     "            "                80s 

80s.  "     "            "               90s 

90s.  "     "            "              100s 

And  so  on  in  like  proportion. 
Fractions  of  a  fortnight  are  calculated  at  the  fortnightly  rate. 


12s. 

18s. 
24s. 
30s. 
36s. 
42s. 
48s. 
54s. 
60s. 


Period  of  allowances. 


After  expiration  of  twelve  months  the  accident  pay  is 
reduced  by  one-half,  and  after  expiration  of  two  years 
ceases,  and  member  has  no  further  claim  in  respect  of  the 
accident  in  question. 


Allowance  for  permanent 
incapacitation. 


Where  member  sustains  such  injury  as  will,  in  opinion  of 
Committee,  permanently  incapacitate  him,  such  member 
will  be  entitled  to  receive  from  Fund  a  lump  sum  not 
exceeding  one  and  one-half  years'  full  accident  pay,  less 
two  years'  contributions  at  rate  of  wages  he  was  receiving 
when  the  injury  was  sustained,  under  foregoing  scale,  and 
less  any  amounts  he  may  have  already  received  on  account 
of  such  injury. 


Fatal  accident  allowance. 


Where  member  sustains  fatal  injuries,  the  Fund  pays 
out  to  designated  survivors,  or  some  or  one  of  such  persons, 
a  sum  equal  to  one  year's  accident  pay  under  foregoing 
scale. 


Deficits. 


Fund    deficiencies    met    by    levying    additional    contri- 
butions. 


Railway  Benevolent  Institution. 

Athough  a  private  institution,  the  benefits  of  the  organi- 
zation are  largely  participated  in  by  employes  of  English 
railways.  Characteristics  of  the  Institution  are  accorded  dis- 
tinct treatment  elsewhere  herein,  under  the  caption  "Public 
and  Private  (Outside)  Provision"  (vide infra,  pp.  295,  296). 


118 


Insurance  and  Reuef  Provision. 


General  comment  on 
Friendly  Societies. 


Special  Comment. 

It  may  be  observed,  parenthetically,  by  way  of  enlarging 
in  a  general  way,  the  presentation  of  the  subject,  that  all 
the  representative  railways  of  Great  Britain  provide 
Friendly  Society  insurance,  in  some  form,  for  their  em- 
ployes. Sundry  Parliamentary  enactments,  from  time  to 
time,  such  as  the  Friendly  Societies  Act,  the  Employers' 
Liability  Act,  and  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act, 
stand  as  Governmental  guarantees  for  the  workingman's 
protection ;  and  many  of  the  roads  have  created  their  own 
insurance  schemes  to  take  the  place  of  legislative  require- 
ments in  these  relations;  it  always  being  a  prerequisite 
that  the  railway  scheme  shall  make  as  good  or  better  pro- 
vision than  is  afforded  by  Parliamentary  legislation,  other- 
wise the  employes  may  avail  themselves  of  the  latter. 
These  schemes,  previous  to  inauguration,  are  submitted 
to  and  have  the  approval  of  the  Government's  Registrar 
of  Friendly  Societies,  and  this  officer  is  furnished  periodi- 
cally with  reports  and  statements  exhibiting  the  results  of 
their  operation  along  all  lines. 


Asia. 


General  features  of  Asiatic 
railway  provident  funds. 


Asia. 

All  the  roads  in  the  Orient  reporting  in  this  connection 
conduct  what  are  styled  "Provident  Funds,"  which  are 
conducted  under  Government  or  State  management.  There 
is  no  real  difference  between  an  Indian  railway  operated 
by  State  agency  as  contrasted  with  a  line  worked  by  a  Com- 
pany; the  Manager  representing  the  Agent  on  a  Company 
line,  and  the  Government  of  India  taking  the  place  of  a 
Board  of  Directors. 


"Non-pensionables ' 
involved. 


'Pensionable." 


These  funds  are  conducted  in  the  interest  of  "non-pen- 
sionable" employes,  and  usually  include  Europeans,  Eura- 
sians, and  Natives  18  years  of  age  and  upwards. 

"Pensionable"  employes  attached  to  the  railway  service 
are  usually  granted  pension  allowances  from  the  general 
revenue  of  the  State. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


119 


Financing. 


Members  are  required  to  subscribe  on  either  compulsory 
or  voluntary  basis : 

Compulsory :  5  per  centum  per  annum  on  amount  of 
salary,  wages,  and  personal  or  acting  allowance. 

Voluntary :  May  subscribe  such  further  sum  up  to  and 
not  exceeding  and  additional  5  per  centum  per  annum. 

Company  commonly  subscribes  on  basis  of  either  gross 
or  net  receipts  from  railway  operation. 


Guarantee  security. 


Members  are  required  to  furnish  "Guarantee  Security," 
to  insure  fidelity  to  the  service. 


Allowance  periods. 


Payments  are  made  on  retirement,  death,  dismissal,  and 
on  default. 


Characteristics. 


These  schemes  are  invested  with  characteristics  common 
to  savings  funds  conducted  by  Railways  of  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States  (vide  infra). 


Name  and  date. 


Bengal-Nag  pur  Railway  Company,  Limited. 

(1,645  miles.) 

Bengal-Nagpur    Railway    Provident    Institution,    estab- 
lished January  1,  1891. 


Name  and  date. 


Burma  Railways  Company,  Limited. 

(1,178  miles.) 

Burma  Railway  Provident  Institution,  established  Jan- 
uary, 1901   (rules  being  made  effective  from  July  1,  1899), 


Name. 


Eastern  Bengal  State  Railway  System. 

(1,003  miles.) 

Eastern  Bengal  Railway  Provident  Fund. 


120 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


East  Indian  Railway  Company. 

(2,297  miles;  77,022  employes.) 

Europeans 1,512 

♦Eurasians J 956 

Natives 74,554 

77,022 


Name  and  date. 


East  Indian  Railway  Provident  Institution,  established 
in  1868. 


Great  Indian  Peninsula  Railway. 

(2,682.95  miles;  50,718  employes.) 


Name. 


Great  Indian  Railway  Provident  Fund. 


Characteristics  of   State 
control  of  Indian  railways 


Note. — That  a  general  conception  may  be  had  of  the 
operation  of  Indian  railways  under  State  control,  the 
following  statements  are  offered,  viz.: 

This  particular  railway  is  wholly  under  State  control, 
and  worked  by  the  Company.  That  is,  the  railways  are 
the  property  of  the  State  turned  over  to  the  Company  to 
work.  The  Company  has  a  share  capital  of  £2,575,000, 
and  the  Government  pays  the  Company  interest  on  said 
capital  at  the  rate  of  3  per  centum. 

Company  runs  trains  at  such  rates  of  speed  as  the  Govern- 
ment shall  require,  and  all  services  required  by  the  latter 
for  the  transportation  of  mails,  troops,  etc.,  is  performed 
on  the  same  conditions  as  in  force  on  State  railways. 

All  moneys  received  are  paid,  without  deduction,  into 
the  Government  Treasury. 

All  moneys  required  are  supplied  by  the  Government. 

All  moneys  expended  are  sanctioned  by  the  Government. 

Accounts  are  kept  as  required  by  the  Government,  and 
are  made  up  half-yearly. 


*  Eurasian  (contraction  from  Europe  and  Asia) :      A   cross-breed   between  a 
European  and  an  Asiatic. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


121 


Receipts,  after  deducting  working  expenses,  are  applied 
half-yearly  as  follows: 

1. — In  payment  to  the  Government  of  a  specified  sum 

in  rupees. 
2. — In  payment  to  the  Government  of  all  interest  on 
money  raised  or  provided  by  the  Secretary  of  State. 
3. — If  any  surplus,  nineteen-twentieths  (-^f )  to  the  Gov- 
ernment and  one-twentieth  (■£$)  to  the  Company. 


Name  and  date. 


Oudh  &  Rohilkhand  Railway. 

(1,203  miles;  19,039  employes.) 

Oudh  &   Rohilkhand   Railway   Provident   Fund,   estab- 
lished January,  1889. 


Southern  Mahratta  Railway. 

(1,045.03  miles;  13,624  employes.) 


Name  and  date. 


Southern  Mahratta  Railway  Provident  Fund,  instituted 
January  1,  1885. 


Employe  contribution. 


Arrears. 


Contribution,  deducted  on  wage  lists,  equivalent  to  one- 
twelfth  of  salary  drawn  each  month. 

All  arrears  of  subscriptions  unpaid  on  return  from  leave 
must  be  paid  up. 


Deposit  account. 


Deposits    are    made    in    a    special    account    styled    the 
"Southern  Mahratta  Railway  Provident  Fund    Account," 
kept  at  a  Government  treasury  or  at  a  bank  in  India. 


Investment  of  surplus. 


Institution  surplus  invested  from  time  to  time  in  desig- 
nated Government  of  India  and  Indian  railway  securities ; 
such  investments  being  kept  distinct  from  other  invest- 
ments made  in  the  name  of  the  Railway,  and  placed  to  the 
credit  of  the  Provident  Fund. 


122 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Interest. 


Company  contribution. 


Bonus. 


Interest  accrued  in  any  half  year  on  investments  or  bal- 
ances standing  to  credit  of  Fund  is,  after  meeting  charges 
for  commission,  renewal  fees,  etc.,  credited  to  depositors  in 
proportion  to  balance  at  their  credit  at  end  of  the  half  year. 

Secretary  of  Fund  keeps  a  separate  account  with  each 
depositor,  showing  receipts  and  payments  in  his  behalf, 
and  furnishes  him  with  copy  of  this  account  annually. 

All  expenses  connected  with  keeping  the  accounts  of  the 
Fund  are  charged  as  working  expenses  of  the  Railway. 

With  effect  from  date  on  which  the  revenue  accounts 
of  each  half  year  are  submitted  to  the  Government,  the 
deposit  account  of  each  servant  is  provisionally  credited 
with  a  "bonus"  equal  to  one-half  of  the  compulsory  deposits 
made  on  his  behalf  during  the  half  year.  The  aggregate 
bonus  granted  for  any  half  year  to  a  depositor  in  no  case 
exceeds  the  amount  of  compulsory  deposits  made  on  his 
behalf  during  the  same  period. 


Legislation  on 
disposition  of  deposits. 


Disposal  of  deposits  of  deceased  servants  is  regulated 
by  the  Indian  Succession  Act  (X  of  1865),  the  Administra- 
tor General's  Act  (II  of  1874),  and  the  Succession  Certificate 
Act  (VII  of  1889),  in  cases  where  balance  at  credit  of 
deceased  members  exceeds  2,000  rupees,  and  in  cases 
where  such  balance  does  not  exceed  2,000  rupees,  by 
Section  3  of  the  Provident  Funds  Act  (IX  of  1897) ;  under 
the  last-named  act,  in  cases  where  amount  at  credit  does 
not  exceed  2,000  rupees,  the  Secretary  of  Fund  may  pay  it : 

a. — To    any    person    nominated    in    writing    by    the 

deceased  servant. 
b. — To  any  person  appearing  to  him  to  be  entitled 

to  receive  it. 


Unclaimed  deposits.  Deposits,    including   interest   and   Company's   contribu- 

tions not  withdrawn  within  a  year  after  depositor's  death, 
or  his  leaving  the  railway  service,  are  transferred  at  the 
end  of  each  half  year  to  an  "  Unclaimed  Provident  Fund 
Account,"  which  is  kept  as  a  subsidiary  account  on  the 
books  of  the  Fund. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


123 


Africa. 


Date  of  institution. 


Contributions. 


Benefits. 


Cape  Government  Railways. 

(2,324.5  miles.) 

Conducts  the  "Cape  Government  Railways  Sick  Fund," 
established  about  1896,  which  includes  railway  employes 
and  members  of  their  families. 

Married  employes  required  to  contribute,  on  a  provided 
scale,  for  their  wives,  and  children  resident  with  and 
dependent  upon  them. 

Gratuity  of  one  month's  pay  for  each  year  in  the  service, 
with  a  minimum  payment  of  one  year's  pay  in  case  de- 
ceased member's  annual  emoluments  amount  to  less  than 
,£100,  otherwise  a  minimum  of  ,£100  ;  same  being  paid 
to  widow  or  other  proper  representative.  Medical  attend- 
ance furnished. 


Incapacitation  benefits. 


Burial  benefit. 


Prosthetic  agencies. 


Gratuity  of  .£20,  as  maximum,  with  a  maximum  allow- 
ance of  ,£1  per  month,  for  a  period  not  exceeding  two  years, 
in  case  of  incapacitation  from  accident. 

Burial  allowance  of  ,£10. 

Artificial  limbs  and  other  prosthetic  agencies  furnished. 


Regular  insurance  scheme. 


Central  South  African  Railways. 

(1,374  miles;  25,556  employes.) 

An  arrangement  has  been  concluded  with  various  life 
assurance  societies  whereby  the  administration  collects 
the  premiums  of  officers  and  employes  who  take  out  assur- 
ance policies,  the  assurance  companies  allowing  a  small 
reduction  on  the  ordinary  premiums.  The  premiums  are 
deducted  monthly  on  the  railway  pay-sheets. 


124 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Inauguration. 


Objects. 


Management. 


Membership  requirements. 


Contributions  and  benefits. 


Natal  Government  Railways. 

(679  miles;  4,835  employes,  Europeans.) 

Apart  from  relief  extended  by  the  Government,  con- 
sisting of  full  pay  in  case  of  accident  and  half  pay  in  sick- 
ness, there  is  conducted  an  organization  styled  the  Natal 
Government  Railways  Mutual  Benefit  Society,  established 
in  March,  1885. 

Objects  are  administration  of  pecuniary  relief  to  mem- 
bers in  case  of  sickness  or  accident,  and  to  provide  a  sum 
of  money,  in  name  of  funeral  expenses,  which  is  paid  to 
proper  representative  of  deceased  member. 

Society  affairs  under  management  of  a  Committee  of 
Management,  consisting  of  eleven  members,  which  has 
the  appointment  of  a  Secretary  and  a  Treasurer,  and 
Visiting  Stewards  and  Collectors,  subject  to  confirmation 
at  next  general  meeting;  two  Trustees  and  two  Auditors 
are  also  appointed  at  each  yearly  meeting. 

Membership  is  voluntary,  and  includes  any  officer  or 
servant  of  the  Natal  Government  Railways  Department, 
over  14  and  under  45  years  of  age  (Indians  and  Natives 
excepted),  who  may  make  application  and  pass  satisfactory 
physical  examination  by  Society  Medical  Officer. 

Membership  is  divided  into  three  classes,  namely,  1st, 
2nd,  3rd,  for  which  the  entrance  fees  and  weekly  contributions, 
and  the  benefits,  after  three  months'  membership,  are  in 
accordance  with  the  following  scale,  viz. : 


Allowances    whilst 
unable  to  follow 

Class 

Entrance 
Fee 

Weekly 
Contributions 

ordinary  occupa- 
tion through  sick- 
ness or   accident 
for  a  period  not 
exceeding  sixteen 
weeks* 

Amount  payable  to 
representatives  of 
Member  at  death 
in    name    of    Fu- 
neral Expenses 

Per  Diem 

s. 

d. 

s.        d. 

s.        d. 

£ 

1 

6 

0 

1         0 

4        0 

*20 

2 

4 

0 

0        9 

2       8 

*15 

3 

2 

0 

0        6 

1        4 

*10 

*  In  the  case  of  the  death  of  a  member's  wife,  the  member  shall  be  entitled,  if 
he  should  so  desire,  provided  he  has  been  twelve  months  continuously  in  the 
Society,  to  draw  two-fifths  of  the  above  allowances,  which  shall  form  a  deduc- 
tion from  the  amount  payable  to  the  member's  representatives  at  his  decease. 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


125 


Continuation  of  sick 
benefits. 


Financing. 


Leaving  the  service. 


Deficits. 


Receipts. 


Disbursement. 


Number  members. 


Where  disability  exceeds  period  of  sixteen  weeks,  Com- 
mittee is  empowered  to  grant  two-thirds  of  scale  allowance 
for  further  period  not  exceeding  sixteen  weeks ;  and  where 
disability  continues  beyond  latter  period,  Committee  may 
grant  one-third  of  scale  allowance  for  additional  period 
not  exceeding  sixteen  weeks,  any  further  allowance  in 
exceptional  cases  being  entirely  dependent  upon  state  of 
the  funds,  and  subject  to  discretion  of  the  Committee. 

Society  is  financed  by  Government  grants  (the  grant  for 
the  year  ended  March,  1903,  having  been  £500),  and  con- 
tributions of  members. 

Where  member  has  paid  contributions  continuously  for 
twelve  months  and  leaves  service  of  Railway  Department, 
he  receives  back  a  sum  equivalent  to  25  per  centum  of  his 
total  contributions  after  deduction  of  all  sums  which  may 
have  been  paid  to  or  for  him. 

Where  deficiencies  in  funds  are  found,  the  Committee  is 
empowered  to  levy  from  members  such  sums  as  may  be 
required  to  meet  the  emergency. 

Income  for  year  ended  March,  1903,  was  £2,203  15s.  6d., 
made  up : 

Subscriptions .....! £1,579     6s.  6d. 

Fines.. - -         10     2s.  6d. 

Entrance  fees.. 85  12s.  Od. 

Interest  from  Natal  Building  So- 
ciety  21   lis.  Od. 

Refund 7     3s.  6d. 

Government  grant 500     0s.  Od. 

Total    expenditure   for    year    ended    March,    1903,    was 
£1,931  0s.  6d.,  made  up: 

Sick  allowances.... £734     4s.  Od. 

Funeral  expenses 128     0s.  Od. 

Refunds  to  members  leaving  service..      28  14s.  Od. 

Medical  expenses 854     6s.  8d. 

Honorariums 47  15s.  6d. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer's  salary 68  10s.  Od. 

Auditors'  fees. 10  10s.  Od. 

Stationery,  printing,  books,  etc 59     0s.  4d. 

Expenditures  during  the  eighteen  years  of  Society's 
existence  to  and  including  year  ended  March,  1903,  £16,659, 
for  sick  benefits,  medical  and  funeral  expenses,  and  refunds 
to  members  leaving  the  service. 

Membership  as  of  March,  1903,  710. 


126 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


Australasia. 


Inauguration. 


Membership. 


Objects. 


Contributions. 


Benefits. 


Australasia. 

Tasmanian  Government  Railways. 

(462  miles;  969  employes.) 

There  is  conducted  the  "Tasmanian  Government  Railway 
Servants'  Friendly  Society,"  established  January,  1877. 

Society  consists  of  an  unlimited  number  of  honorary  and 
ordinary  members. 

Persons  contributing  by  benefaction  10s.  6d.  and  upwards 
become  honorary  members,  but  are  not  thereby  entitled 
to  fund  benefits  or  emolument. 

Ordinary  membership  consists  of  males  employed  on 
Tasmanian  Government  Railways  between  ages  16  and  45 
years. 

Objects  are  to  provide  sick  allowance  and  a  sum  for 
funeral  expenses. 

Membership  contributions : 
a. — Entrance  fee,  2s.  6d. 
b. — Contribution,  Is.  3d.  fortnightly. 

Society  benefits: 

a. — Sick    allowance,    20s.    per   week    (no    member   to 
receive  more  than  .£13  sick  allowance  in  any  one 
year) . 
b. — Funeral  allowance  .£15  on  the  death  of  a  member, 
and  ,£10  on  death  of  member's  wife. 
Payments  to  be  made  from  the  General  Fund. 


Probationary  period. 


Agents. 


Members  subscribe  three  months  before  being  entitled 
to  receive  benefits. 

Station-masters  at  each  station,  the  Permanent  Way 
Inspectors  on  the  line,  and  any  member  the  Committee  may 
appoint,  are  recognized  Society  agents,  and  are  authorized 


Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 


127 


to  collect  all  subscriptions,  which  must  be  forwarded  fort- 
nightly to  the  Secretary,  who  initials  the  total  fortnightly 
amount,  which  is  considered  sufficient  receipt  for  same; 
each  agent  being  provided  with  a  passbook,  in  which  he 
enters  all  contributions  received  from  the  several  members 
at  time  of  payment,  and  this  book,  with  the  money,  is 
sent  to  the  Secretary. 


Reserve  Fund. 


Reserve  Fund  is  maintained,  composed  of  entrance  fees, 
fines,  forfeits,  deductions,  donations,  and  one-third  of 
amount  divisible  as  annual  dividend  is  placed  in  this  fund 
until  the  reserve  amounts  to  ,£100,  and  all  other  amounts  not 
being  subscriptions  or  properly  divisible  at  annual  distribu- 
tions. When  the  fund  reaches  .£130,  amount  in  excess  is 
placed  to  credit  of  General  Fund. 


Refund. 


Where  member  is  dismissed  or  leaves  the  service  of  the 
Government,  he  is  entitled  to  a  share  of  the  money  in  General 
Fund  in  proportion  to  contributions  during  that  year,  less 
a  10  per  centum  deduction  which  is  paid  into  the  Reserve 
Fund. 


Accounts. 


Accounts  are  made  up  in  November  of  each  year,  and 
the  amount  in  the  General  Fund  is  then  divided  among  the 
members  in  proportion  to  the  amount  each  has  contributed 
during  the  year. 


Statistics. 


Balance  sheet  embodied  in  annual  report  for  1903  shows 
receipts  from  all  sources  as  ,£411  17s.  2d.,  against  which 
there  was  an  expenditure  of  ,£398  14s.  3d.,  which,  with  the 
Reserve  Fund,  left  ,£138  16s.  8d.  to  the  Society's  credit. 


Mortality. 


Number  members. 


Average  mortality  rate  per  1,000  members  in  1903  was  20. 
Number  of  members  at  end  of  1903,  244. 


Early  pension  schemes 
in  United  States. 


Characteristics. 


Objects 


B. — Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 
America. 

United  States. 

Railway  pension  funds  in  the  United  States  originated 
with  the  pension  feature  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
Company,  instituted  October  1,  1884,  participation  in  which 
is  based  on  four  (4)  years'  membership  in  the  Company's 
Relief  Department,  of  which  the  pension  feature  is  an  aux- 
iliary. The  operations  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  fund  were 
originally  on  a  small  scale.  The  Company's  annual  appro- 
priation thereto  up  to  July  1,  1900,  was  $31,000  (consisting 
of  an  annual  appropriation  of  $25,000,  and  the  use  of  the 
$6,000  reserve  fund  of  the  Relief  Department  when  the 
same  was  not  needed  by  that  department);  on  the  date 
named,  however,  the  annual  subscription  by  the  Company 
was  increased  to  $75,000,  with  reversionary  interest  in  the 
$6,000  reserve  fund  of  the  Relief  Department,  or  a  total 
of  $81,000.  It  will,  therefore,  be  apparent  that  the  present 
standard  of  pension  fund  operations  among  the  railways  of 
the  country  dates  practically  from  the  year  1900,  from  and 
after  which  year  all  of  the  funds  were  established  on  the 
prevailing  scale  of  allowances. 

Pension  departments  in  the  United  States  possess  the  same 
general  characteristics,  all  being  patterned  after  the  plans 
adopted  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company,  next 
above  announced,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Com- 
pany, hereinafter  discussed,  only  merely  nominal  differences 
obtaining,  such  as  are  necessitated  by  physical  and  financial 
conditions  of  the  various  railways. 

The  objects  of  the  departments  are  uniformly  to  provide  for 
compulsory  or  involuntary  retirement  from  service  at  65  or 
70  years  of  age,  and  voluntary  retirement  consequent  upon 
permanent  incapacitation,  between  the  ages  of  61  and  69 
years,  with  service  ranging  from  10  to  30  years,  on  a  fixed 
allowance,  usually  computed  at  1  per  centum  of  the  average 
monthly  pay  for  the  10  years  next  preceding  retirement, 
for  each  year  of  service. 
(129) 


130 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Optional  allowance. 


Special  Railway 
Company  provision. 


Department  creation. 


Relation  to  service. 


Meaning  of  term  "pension. 


Allowance  controlled 
by  company. 


Financing. 


There  is  also  provision  in  many  of  the  pension  regulations 
for  arbitrary  allowances  for  permanent  incapacitation  at  any 
stage  of  service,  such  cases  ranking  as  extraordinary,  and 
being  governed  absolutely  by  decision  of  specified  executive 
officer  or  other  representative  of  the  company  concerned. 
This  extraordinary  provision  is  not  called  for,  ordinarily, 
with  railways  conducting  Relief  Departments,  for  the 
reason  that,  as  a  rule,  the  regulations  of  these  departments 
fully  cover  cases  of  this  nature. 

Some  of  the  railroad  companies,  although  not  interested 
in  distinctive  pension  plans  or  organizations,  pursue  a 
purely  company  policy  of  awarding  allowances,  wholly 
from  their  own  revenues,  as  pensions  or  gratuities,  to 
meritorious  employes  upon  the  occasion  of  their  retirement 
from  the  service  owing  to  advanced  age  or  permanent 
incapacitation. 

Pension  Departments  are  usually  created  by  the  Boards 
of  Directors  of  the  railway  companies,  and  their  administra- 
tion placed  in  the  hands  of  railway  appointees,  commonly 
styled  either  Board  of  Officers  or  Board  of  Pensions. 

With  some  roads  the  pension  feature  is  conducted  as  a 
separate  department  of  the  service,  and  as  such  invested 
with  autonomous  status,  while  with  others  it  is  operated  as  a 
part  of  and  in  conjunction  with  other  regular  service 
departments. 

The  term  "Pension"  as  used  by  the  American  railways 
in  this  relation,  is  derived  from  the  French  word  ''pension," 
meaning  a  boarding-house,  a  pension,  and  from  the  Latin 
term  "pensionem,"  signifying  payment — from  "pendo,"  I 
weigh  out.  Thus  viewed  it  stands  for  an  annual  allowance 
of  money  from  the  public  purse,  or  from  private  corporation 
or  person,  without  an  equivalent  in  labor  or  otherwise — 
generally,  however,  in  consideration  of  past  services. 

The  pension  allowance  is  purely  an  optional  railway 
disbursement  from  railway  revenue  exclusively,  the  employe 
making  no  contribution  whatever  to  the  scheme,  which  is 
absolutely  subject  to  company  direction  and  control. 

Financing  of  the  undertakings  is  commonly  based  on  an 
original  contribution,  supplemented  by  fixed  annual  appro- 
priation, which,  with  interest  returns  on  the  original  fund, 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


131 


are  expected  to  meet  all  demands  for  allowances.  Some- 
times a  fixed  annual  appropriation  is  the  exclusive  arrange- 
ment. Provision  is  usually  made,  under  both  arrangements, 
for  ratable  reductions  in  allowances  where  the  company 
contribution  does  not  cover  fund  expenditures. 


Accounting. 


The  accounting  system  varies  with  the  several  roads, 
each  observing  a  method  adapted  to  its  own  convenience 
and  requirements. 


Reports. 


The  general  operative  status  of  the  fund  is  usually 
presented  in  yearly  report  form,  detailing  receipts  and 
expenditures  and  sundry  statistics  and  information  on  fund 
affairs;  this  report  being  in  some  instances,  notably  in  the 
case  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  included 
distinctively,  under  appropriate  heading,  in  the  regular 
annual  report  to  the  stockholders;  in  other  cases,  notably 
with  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company,  it  is  embodied 
in  periodical  reports  on  other  features,  such  as  the  Relief 
Department ;  and  again  it  is  included  in  the  regular  annual 
report  in  a  general  way. 


Allowance  basis. 


Allowances  are,  as  a  rule,  based  on  age  and  service. 


Commutation. 


There  is  no  commutation  of  allowance  by  payment  of 
lump  sum  in  lieu  thereof  or  otherwise. 


Allowance  period. 


Allowance  ceases  with  the  death  of  the  beneficiary. 


Amount  of  allowance.  Allowances  are  commonly  authorized  by  the  Boards  of 

Directors  to  be  paid  monthly,  and,  as  stated  (vide  supra),  are 
determined  on  the  basis  of  one(l)  per  centum  of  the  average 
monthly  pay  for  the  10  years  next  preceding  retirement, 
for  each  year  of  service. 


Computation  of  allowance. 


In  computation  of  service  it  is  reckoned  from  date  of 
entry  in  service  to  date  when  relieved  therefrom,  deduction 
being  made  for  actual  time  out  of  service,  and  eliminating 


132 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


in  final  result  any  fractional  part  of  a  month.  Illustration: 
Where  an  employe  has  been  in  the  service  continuously 
for  41  years  and  during  that  time  has  been  out  of  service 
for  periods  amounting  to  one  (1)  year,  and  the  average 
wages  for  the  past  10  years  are  $40  per  month,  he  would, 
upon  retirement,  receive  40  per  centum  of  $40,  or  $16  per 
month  as  a  pension  allowance. 


statistics  on  results.  Eighteen   (18)   railways  report  pension  schemes,    16  of 

which  are  in  full  operation,  and  2  practically  ready  for 
launching,  all  preliminaries  having  been  carried  out,  and 
only  final  company  action  being  awaited.  Railways 
reporting  pension  plans  represent  an  aggregate  of  50,000 
miles,  or  about  24  per  centum  of  the  total  railway  mileage 
of  the  country,  and  upwards  of  500,000  employes,  or  about 
38  per  centum  of  the  total  number  of  employes  of  all  roads 
in  the  United  States.  These  funds  represent  an  aggregate 
annual  appropriation  not  to  exceed  $1,350,000,  when 
necessary  to  make  payment  of  pension  allowances,  while 
eight  (8)  of  the  roads  set  aside  originally,  as  the  basis  of 
pension  or  working  funds,  an  amount  aggregating  about 
$600,000.  Twelve  (12)  of  the  funds  have  expended  since 
organization  an  aggregate  of  $2,500,000,  and  the  roads 
concerned  were  carrying  on  their  pension-rolls  the  names 
of  3,200  pensioners  at  the  end  of  the  year  1903,  while  the 
aggregate  mortality  among  pensioners,  since  fund  organiza- 
tion, numbered  1,150. 


Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad  Company. 

(4,138.87  miles;  17,512  employes.) 


Inauguration. 


Pension  Department  established  February  1,  1904. 


Management. 


Administration  of  Pension  Department  is  by  a  Board  of 
Officers,  known  as  the  Board  of  Pensions,  appointed  by 
the  Company's  Board  of  Directors. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


133 


Service  age  limit. 


Maximum  age  for  entrance  to  railway  service,  45  years. 
No  person  inexperienced  in  railway  work  over  35  years  of 
age,  and  no  experienced  person  over  45  years  of  age,  is 
taken  into  the  service;  provided,  however,  that  in  the 
discretion  of  the  Company's  President  persons  may  be 
temporarily  taken  into  the  service  irrespective  of  age  for 
a  period  not  exceeding  six  months,  and  that  this  period 
may  be  extended,  if  necessary,  to  complete  the  work  for 
which  such  persons  were  originally  employed;  provided, 
also,  that  with  the  approval  of  the  Board  of  Directors, 
persons  may  be  employed  indefinitely,  irrespective  of  age 
limit,  where  the  service  to  be  rendered  requires  professional 
or  other  special  qualifications. 


Compulsory  and 
voluntary  retirements 


Compulsory  retirement  at  age  70,  with  10  years'  service, 
for  sedentary  employes ;  age  65,  with  10  years'  service,  for 
active  employes. 

Voluntary  retirement,  account  of  incapacitation,  between 
ages  61  and  69,  inclusive,  with  10  years'  service. 


Financing. 


Company  appropriates  an  amount  not  exceeding  $50,000 
per  annum.  When  pension  allowances  create  demands  in 
excess  of  this  amount,  and  as  often  as  such  condition  may 
arise,  a  new  basis  ratably  reducing  the  pension  allowances 
may  be  established  to  bring  the  expenditures  within  the 
limit  of  the  Fund. 


Number  pensioners. 


No  pensioners  up  to  March  1,  1904. 


Inauguration. 


Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  System. 

(4,410  miles;  55,688  employes.) 

Pension  feature  organized  at  same  time  as  Relief  Depart- 
ment, but  not  put  into  active  operation  until  October  1, 
1884,  four  (4)  years'  membership  in  the  Relief  Department 
being  required  to  entitle  to  pension  membership.  Con- 
ducted as  a  part  of  the  Relief  Department. 


134 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Compulsory  and 
voluntary  retirements. 


Administration. 


Compulsory  retirement  at  age  65,  with  10  years'  service. 
Voluntary  retirement,  for  incapacitation,  under  65  years 
of  age. 

Superintendent  of  Relief  Department  has  executive  charge 
of  pension  feature. 


Table  of  pension 
allowances. 


Basis  of  pensions. 


Financing. 


Disposition  of  surplus  funds. 


Disbursements. 
Number  pensioners. 


Scale  of  pension  allowances,  showing  increase  for  mem- 
bership over  10  years* 


g  P  M 

s^ 

s£S 

w  <  % 

W  m>J 

W   O   J 

2? 

*    -S5 

•;„  &    - 

Class  in  Relief  Feature 

"2  M  PS 

^  s  5 ., 

KKH 

PS  K  H 

w  «  g  £ 

<!  w  « 

w  ps  9 

w  ps  9 

!>(  U]  ^  *". 

m<3 

o 

lO 

w 

M 

M 

a 

$0.25 

$0.26i 

.52* 

.78f 

1.05 

1.31i 

$0.27£ 

B 

.50 
.75 

.55 

c 

.82£ 

D 

1.00 
1.25 

1.10 

E 

1.37J 

Pensions  are  determined  on  basis  of  age  and  membership. 

Company  contributes  $75,000  annually;  also  may  have 
recourse  to  $6,000  reserve  fund  of  Relief  Department 
(vide  supra). 

If  at  any  time  the  funds  applicable  to  the  purposes  of 
this  feature  are  more  than  sufficient  to  provide  for  the  pay- 
ment of  prescribed  pension  allowances,  such  surplus  is 
applied  to  aid  or  support  such  class  or  classes  of  the  Com- 
pany's employes,  members  of  the  Relief  feature,  as  may  be 
deemed  most  deserving  and  most  in  need  of  help. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $689,219.77. 

Number  of  pensioners  at  close  of  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,  1903,  was  335. 


*  Under  Department  regulations  a  like  addition  is  made  for  each  additional 
term  of  five  (5)  years  of  continuous  membership. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


135 


Deaths. 


Deaths  among  pensioners  since  inauguration,  437. 


Andrew  Carnegie 
endowment  fund. 


Retirement  age. 


Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad  Company. 

(207  miles;  2,676  employes.) 

The  employes,  by  virtue  of  Company  standing  as  a  con- 
stituent member  of  the  Carnegie  Steel  Company  of  New 
Jersey  interests,  are  prospective  participants  in  the  pension 
allowance  provided  by  the  "Andrew  Carnegie  Relief 
Fund,"  an  endowment  fund  of  $4,000,000  created  by  Mr. 
Andrew  Carnegie,  which  extends  accident  and  death 
benefits  and  pension  allowances.  Such  participation  by 
employes  will  not  become  operative  until  such  time  as  the 
Railroad  Company  shall  have  been  identified  with  the 
Carnegie  Interests  ten  (10)  years,  or  about  December,  1906, 
the  Railroad  having  been  absorbed  by  said  Interests,  as 
already  stated  (vide  p.  30),  on  December  22,  1896. 

Pension  awarded  at  age  60,  with  15  years'  continuous 
service. 


Contemplated  provision. 


Inauguration. 
Management. 

Service  age. 

Retirement  age. 


Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  Company. 

(389  miles;  5,400  employes.) 

This  Company  reports,  under  date  of  April  6,  1904,  that 
it  has  under  way  details  to  be  used  in  the  creation  of  an 
elaborate  pension  and  insurance  system  for  its  employes, 
which  it  is  expected  will  be  in  operation  before  the  advent 
of  another  year. 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh  Railway  Company. 

(500.5  miles;  4,454  employes.) 

Pension  Department  established  July  1,  1903. 

No  special  departmental  organization,  the  plan  being 
handled  through  regular  official  channels  of  the  Company. 

Maximum  service  entrance  ages  are  35  years  for  inex- 
perienced and  45  years  for  experienced  men. 

Compulsory  retirement  at  age  65,  and  voluntary  at  ages 
60  to  64,  with  20  years'  service. 


136 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Allowance  basis. 

Number  pensioners. 
Deaths. 
Financing. 
Disbursements. 
Retirement  age. 
Average  service. 


Allowance  based  on  2   per  centum   of   average   monthly 
pay  for  10  years  preceding  retirement. 

Number  of  pensioners,  4. 

No  deaths. 

Company  contributes  a  fund  of  $25,000  per  annum. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $186.16. 

Average  age  of  retirement,  65  years. 

Average  length  of  service  of  beneficiaries,  23 \  years. 


Status  of  plan. 


Retirement  age. 


Central  Railroad  Company  of  New  Jersey. 

(685  miles;  11,953  employes.) 

Company  has  a  plan  fully  worked  up  and  ready  for 
inauguration. 

Compulsory  retirement  at  age  70,  with  30  years'  service. 
Voluntary  between  ages  65  and  69  for  permanent  incapacita- 
tion. 


Inauguration. 
Management. 


Service  age. 


Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway  Company. 

(7,392.03  miles;  32,295  employes.) 

Pension  Department  put  in  effect  January  1,  1901. 

Administration  of  the  Department  is  by  a  Pension  Board, 
consisting  of  five  officers  of  the  Company,  appointed  by 
the  Board  of  Directors,  who  serve  one  year  and  until  their 
successors  are  selected. 

No  person  over  35  years  of  age  taken  into  service  of 
Company;  provided,  however,  that  in  discretion  of  the 
President  persons  may  be  temporarily  taken  into  service, 
irrespective  of  age,  for  a  period  not  exceeding  six  months, 
and  that  this  period  may  be  extended,   if  necessary,   to 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


137 


complete  the  work  for  which  such  persons  were  originally 
employed;  provided,  also,  that,  with  approval  of  Board 
of  Directors,  persons  may  be  employed  indefinitely,  irre- 
spective of  age  limit,  where  the  service  to  be  rendered 
requires  professional  or  other  special  qualifications. 


Retirement  age. 


Compulsory  retirement  at  age  70,  with  20  years'  service. 
Voluntary,  for  incapacitation,  between  ages  65  and  69,  with 
20  years'  service. 


Financing. 


Financed  wholly  by  Company  appropriation,  not  to 
exceed  $200,000  per  annum,  provision  being  made  for 
ratable  reduction  in  pension  allowances  when  the  aggre- 
gate payment  on  that  account  exceeds  the  amount  named 
in  any  year. 

Company  payments  to  Fund  in  1903,  $58,066.26. 


Disbursements. 


Expenditure   for   allowances   since   inauguration,    $128,- 
726.34. 


Number  uensiouers. 


Number  of  pensioners  carried  at  end  of  1903  was  214. 


Average  service. 


Average  age  at  retirement,  69.6  years.     Average  length 
of  service  of  those  retired,  33.9  years. 


Deaths. 


Deaths  since  inauguration,  26. 


Inauguration. 
Management. 


Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railway  Company. 

(965.30  miles;  33,307  employes.) 

Pension  Department  established  June  1,  1902. 

Administration  of  the  Department  is  by  a  Pension 
Board,  consisting  of  six  officers  of  the  Company,  appointed 
by  the  Company's  Board  of  Managers,  who  serve  one  year 
and  until  their  successors  are  selected  and  duly  qualified. 


Service  age. 


Maximum  service  entrance  age  is  35  years. 


138 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Retirement  age. 


Permanent  disablement 
allowance. 


Retiring  age. 
Average  service. 
Financing. 


Disbursements. 


Number  pensioners. 


Deaths. 


Compulsory  retirement  at  age  70,  with  25  years'  service; 
and  voluntary  retirement  between  60  and  69  years  of  age, 
with  25  years'  service. 

Under  existing  Department  regulations  the  Pension 
Board  has  power,  in  case  a  faithful  employe  of  the  Com- 
pany receives  injuries  which  totally  incapacitate  him  for  his 
regular  or  other  vocation,  to  take  his  case  under  considera- 
tion and  award  him  such  sum,  as  a  pension,  for  such  length 
of  time  as  the  Board  may  determine. 

Average  age  of  retirement,  67  years. 

Average  length  of  service  of  beneficiaries,  36  years. 

Company  annual  appropriation  not  to  exceed  $50,000, 
provision  being  made  for  ratable  reduction  in  pension 
allowances  when  the  aggregate  payment  on  that  account 
in  any  year  exceeds  the  amount  named. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $22,563.79. 

Number  of  pensioners,  96. 

Deaths  since  inauguration,  12. 


Inauguration. 
Management. 


Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad  Company. 

(690  miles;  5,391  employes.) 

Department  established  January  1,  1903. 

Administration  of  Department  is  by  a  Board  of  Officers, 
known  as  the  Board  of  Pensions,  consisting,  until  other- 
wise ordered,  of  the  following  officers  of  the  Company: 
Vice-President,  Manager,  Engineer  of  Maintenance  of  Way, 
Superintendent  Motive  Power,  Auditor,  General  Attorney, 
and  Chief  Surgeon. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


139 


Service  age. 


Retirement  age. 


Financing. 

Disbursements. 
Average  service. 
Number  pensioners. 
Deaths. 


Maximum  service  entrance  ages  are  35  years  for  inex- 
perienced and  45  years  for  experienced  men. 

Compulsory  retirement,  for  sedentary  grades,  at  age  70, 
and  for  active  grades  at  age  65,  with  20  years'  service. 
Voluntary  retirement,  for  permanent  incapacitation,  be- 
tween ages  61  and  69. 

Original  Company  contribution  of  $20,000,  as  a  working 
fund,  with  additional  annual  Company  contribution  not 
to  exceed  $15,000. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $3,845.36. 

Average  length  of  service  of  retired  employes,  31.7  years. 

Number  of  pensioners,  16. 

No  deaths. 


Inauguration. 
Management. 

Service  age. 
Retirement  age. 

Classification. 


Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company. 

(4,301.10  miles;  34,249  employes.) 

Department  established  July  1,  1901. 

Administration  of  Department  is  by  a  Board  of  Officers, 
seven  in  number,  known  as  the  Board  of  Pensions,  appointed 
by  the  Company's  Board  of  Directors. 

Maximum  service  entrance  ages  are  35  years  for  inex- 
perienced and  45  years  for  experienced  men. 

Retirement  ages  and  conditions  same  as  for  Houston  & 
Texas  Central  Railroad  (vide  supra),  except  that  10  years' 
service  is  required. 

Pensioners,  for  accounting  purposes,  are  classified  as: 
70-year  class,  65-year  class,  61-to-69-year  class. 


140 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Financing. 

Disbursements. 
Average  service. 
Average  retiring  age. 

Number  pensioners. 
Deaths. 


Original  Company  contribution  of  $250,000,  set  aside  as 
a  pension  fund,  and  an  additional  maximum  Company 
contribution  of  $100,000  per  annum. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $70,856.20. 

Average  length  of  service  of  retired  employes,  33|  years. 

Average  retirement  age,  all  classes  of  pensioners,  66 
years,  10  months. 

Number  of  pensioners,  159. 

Deaths  since  inauguration,  20. 


Vanderbilt  System  pension 
and  insurance  scheme. 


New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad  Company. 

(3,422.66  miles;  49,852  employes.) 

The  "Vanderbilt  System"  of  railroads,  of  which  this 
Company  is  the  chief  constituent  member,  with  a  mileage 
of  approximately  15,000  miles  and  upwards  of  170,000 
employes,  report  as  having  under  consideration  at  this 
time  a  joint  pension  and  insurance  plan  for  all  employes. 


Inauguration. 


Management. 


Service  age. 


Oregon  Railroad  &  Navigation  Company. 

(1,123  miles;  4,180  employes.) 

Pension  scheme  established  January  1,  1903. 

Administration  of  Department  by  a  Board  of  Pensions, 
consisting  of  officers  of  the  Railroad  Company. 

Maximum  service  entrance  ages  are  35  years  for  inex- 
perienced and  45  years  for  experienced  men. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


141 


Retirement  age. 


Financing. 

Average  retiring  age. 

Average  service. 

Disbursements. 
Number  pensioners. 
Deaths. 


Retirement:  Compulsory,  for  sedentary  grades,  at  age 
70,  with  20  years'  service,  and  for  active  grades  at  age  65, 
with  same  service.  Voluntary  retirement  between  ages  61 
and  69,  inclusive,  for  incapacitation. 

Financed  wholly  by  Company  contribution. 

Average  age  of  retirement,  65  years,  4  months. 

Average  length  of  service  of  beneficiaries,  23  years,  6 
months,  20  days. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $139.61. 

Number  of  pensioners,  3. 

No  deaths. 


Inauguration. 


Financing. 


Disbursements. 


Number  pensioners. 


Deaths. 


Constituency. 


Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad  Company. 

(1,266  miles;  4,700  employes.) 

System  established  January  1,  1903.  Same  as  announced 
for  Oregon  Railroad  &  Navigation  Company  (vide  supra). 

Company  set  aside  $50,000  as  a  pension  fund,  and  makes 
a  further  annual  appropriation  not  to  exceed  $25,000  to 
meet  yearly  demands. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $592.65. 
Number  of  pensioners,  6. 
No  deaths. 
Pennsylvania  System  East  and  West  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

(10,913.89  miles;  172,024  employes.) 

Constituted,  as  to  joint  pension  scheme,  along  same  lines 
as  recited  for  the  Relief  Department  (vide  supra). 


142 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Inauguration. 
Distinct  department. 

Lines  East. 
Associated  companies. 


Department  of  Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh  established  Jan- 
uary 1,  1900,  and  of  Lines  West  January  1,  1901,  both 
Departments  being  conducted  on  the  same  general  plan, 
and  as  distinct  departments  of  the  service. 

Lines  East: 

Following  companies  are  associated  in  joint  administra- 
tion of  Pension  Department  of  Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh, 
known  as  "  The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Pension  Depart- 
ment," viz.: 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company, 

Northern  Central  Railway  Company, 

Philadelphia,  Baltimore  &  Washington  Railroad  Company , 

West  Jersey  &  Seashore  Railroad  Company, 

Philadelphia  &  Camden  Ferry  Company. 


Lines  West. 
Associated  companies. 


Administration. 


Lines  West : 

Following  companies  are  associated  in  joint  administra- 
tion of   "The  Pension  Department  of  The    Pennsylvania 
Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh,"  viz.: 
Pennsylvania  Company, 

Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway 
Company, 

Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railway  Company, 
Terre  Haute  &  Logansport  Railway  Company, 
Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad  Company, 
Waynesburg  &  Washington  Railroad  Company, 
Cincinnati,  Lebanon  &  Northern  Railway  Company, 
Wheeling  Terminal  Railway  Company. 

Both  Departments,  under  the  President  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Company,  in  charge  of  a  Board  of  Officers, 
appointed  annually  by  respective  Boards  of  Directors,  to 
serve  for  one  year  or  until  their  successors  are  appointed; 
these  Boards  of  Officers  electing  their  own  Chairman  and 
Secretary.  The  Board  of  Officers  of  the  Lines  of  the 
System  East  of  Pittsburgh  comprises  the  following  officers 
of  the  Railroad  Company:  the  Vice-Presidents,  the 
General  Manager,  and  the    Comptroller;  and  that  of  the 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


143 


Lines  of  the  System  West  of  Pittsburgh  includes  the  same 
list  of  officers. 


Age  limit  for 
entrance  to  service. 


Maximum  age  limit  for  entrance  to  service,  35  years, 
with  the  following  exceptions : 

a. — Former  employes  may  be  re-employed  within  a 
period  of  three  years  from  time  of  leaving  the  service. 

b. — Persons  may,  irrespective  of  age  limit,  be  employed 
where  service  involved  requires  professional  or  other 
special  qualifications. 

c. — Persons  may  be  temporarily  taken  into  the  service, 
regardless  of  age  limit,  for  a  period  not  exceeding 
six  months,  subject  to  extension  when  necessary  to 
complete  the  work  for  which  engaged. 

d. — Employment  of  persons  under  conditions  "a"  and 
"b"  must  have  approval  of  Board  of  Directors. 

These  conditions  as  to  age  limit  for  entrance  to  service 
are,  it  may  be  observed,  in  vogue  with  all  railway  pension 
schemes  in  this  country. 


Motive  for  maximum 
service  entrance  age. 


Employment  in  the  Company's  service  is  generally 
accepted  as  permanent,  and  the  Company,  so  viewing  the 
matter,  made  provision  accordingly  in  the  organization  of 
the  Pension  Department,  by  limiting  the  age  to  35  years. 
The  motive  for  establishing  this  age  restriction  was  to 
provide  a  basis  of  Department  operation  under  which 
employes  in  the  future,  after  the  starting  period,  would 
be  retired  from  the  service  and  carried  on  the  pension-roll 
at  age  65  with  30  years'  service.  That  is,  under  the  present 
workings  of  the  Department  it  will  be  merely  a  matter  of  a 
few  years  when  the  application  of  this  age  limitation  feature 
will  bring  about  a  condition  under  which  all  pension  bene- 
ficiaries will  have  been  in  the  Company's  service  for  not 
less  than  30  years  previous  to  their  retirement  on  pension 


144 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Retirement  age. 


Basis  of  allowance. 


Number  pensioners. 


Deaths. 


Financing. 


allowance,  and  will,  in  consequence,  receive  not  less  than 
30  per  centum  of  their  average  wages  for  the  10  years  next 
preceding  such  retirement.  The  adoption  of  this  fixed 
age  limit  does  not,  however,  preclude  re-employment  of 
former  employes  aged  over  35  years,  for  the  reason  that 
this  privilege  is  accorded  them  provided  they  have  not 
been  out  of  the  service  for  more  than  three  years  (vide 
clause  "a,"  p.  143)  and  the  companies  have  positions  to 
which  they  may  be  assigned.  This  three-year  period  is 
deemed  sufficient  to  enable  employes  to  decide  whether  or 
not  they  desire  re-employment,  and  at  the  same  time  such 
absence  from  the  service  does  not  destroy  the  feature  of 
the  employes,  at  the  retiring  age,  having  been  in  the 
service  such  a  number  of  years  as  to  give  them  the  benefit 
of  a  fair  pension  allowance. 

Compulsory  retirement  at  age  70,  and  voluntary  retire- 
ment, for  incapacitation,  between  ages  65  and  69,  both 
inclusive,  and  30  years'  service. 

Pension  allowance  is  based  on  age  and  service,  and  is 
computed  on  basis  of  one  (1)  per  centum  of  average  monthly 
pay  for  the  10  years  next  preceding  retirement. 

Number  of  pensioners  as  of  December  31,  1903,  was 
2,134,  distributed  as  follows  : 

Lines  East 1,599 

Lines  West 535 

2,134 

Deaths  since  inauguration  to  end  of  1903  numbered  644, 
with  following  distribution  : 

Lines  East 527 

Lines  West 117 


644 


Undertaking  is  financed  wholly  by  Company  contribu- 
tions, made  up : 

Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh,  maximum  annual  appropriation 
of  $390,000. 

Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh,  maximum  annual  appropriation 
of  $150,000. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


145 


Deficits. 


Whenever  it  is  found  the  basis  of  pension  allowances 
creates  demands  in  excess  of  annual  appropriations,  as 
already  announced,  it  is  provided  that  a  new  basis  may  be 
established  involving  ratable  reduction  of  pension  allow- 
ances to  a  point  that  will  bring  expenditures  within  limita- 
tion. 


Responsibility  for 
Company  contributions. 


Responsibility  is  assumed  by  each  Company  associated  in 
administration  of  the  Department  for  the  amount  it  agrees 
to  contribute  annually  from  its  own  moneys. 


Outside  employment. 


Pensioners  are  permitted  to  engage  in  outside  employment 
while  in  receipt  of  pension  allowance,  but  are  not  permitted 
to  re-enter  the  service. 


Classification  of  pensioners. 


Pensioners,  for  accounting  and  statistical  purposes,  are 
classified  as  "70-year  class"  and  "65-70-year  class." 


Disbursements. 


Annual  payments. 


Total  System  expenditure  for  pension  allowances  since 
inauguration,  to  and  including  December  31,  1903,  aggre- 
gated $1,560,315.44,  distributed  as  follows: 

Lines  East $1,224,087.59 

Lines  West 336,227.85 


$1,560,315.44 

Total  System  expenditure  for  pension  allowances  during 
1903  amounted  to  $487,714.47,  with  the  following  distri- 
bution : 

Lines  East $359,374.32 

Lines  West 128,340.15 


$487,714.47 


Accounts  and  records. 


Accounts  and  records  are  kept  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Officers,  who  has  under  his  supervision  the  necessary 
clerical  force  for  the  purpose,  whose  time  is  devoted  to 
work  connected  with  the  operation  of  the  Department. 


146 


Allowances  charged  to 
operating  expenses. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Pension  allowances  paid  retired  employes  are  charged  off 
to  "Operating  Expenses"  of  the  associated  companies, 
the  Pension  Department  being  exclusively  conducted  and 
controlled  by  the  roads,  and  financed  directly  and  wholly 
from  their  revenues. 


Annual  statements. 


Annual  statements  of  Department  operations  are  compiled 
and  embodied  in  the  annual  reports  of  the  Companies  to 
their  stockholders. 


Inauguration. 


Administration. 


Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway  Company. 

(1,467.8  miles;  23,721  employes.) 

Pension  system  established  January  1,  1903. 

Officered  and  administered  by  the  regular  staff  of  the 
Company. 


Service  age. 
Retirement  age. 


Maximum  service  entrance  age,  35  years. 

Retirements:  Compulsory  at  age  70,  with  30  years' 
continuous  service;  and  voluntary,  for  incapacitation, 
between  ages  65  and  69,  inclusive,  with  30  years'  continuous 
service. 


Permanent  disablement 
allowance. 


Any  faithful  employe  of  the  Company,  irrespective  or 
age  or  length  of  service,  who  receives  injuries  in  perform- 
ance of  duty  which  totally  incapacitate  him  for  regular  of 
other  vocation,  or  who  through  sickness  becomes  so  inca- 
pacitated, may  be  awarded  such  sum,  as  a  pension,  for  such 
length  of  time  as  the  President  of  the  Company  may  deter- 
mine. 


Financing. 


Company  makes  an  annual   maximum  appropriation  of 
$75,000. 


Disbursements. 


Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $19,073.19. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


147 


Number  pensioners. 
Deaths. 


Pensioners  at  end  of  1903,  89. 
Deaths  since  inauguration,  3. 


Inauguration. 
Management. 


Service  age. 


Retirement. 


Financing. 


Number  pensioners. 


San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway  Company. 

(687.4  miles;  1,991  employes.) 

Department  established  January  1,  1903. 

Administration  of  Department  is  by  a  Board  of  Officers, 
known  as  the  Board  of  Pensions,  consisting  of  the  following 
Company  officers:  Vice-President,  Superintendent  of  Trans- 
portation, Superintendent  of  Motive  Power,  Superintendent 
Maintenance  of  Way,  Auditor,  General  Counsel,  and  Chief 
Surgeon. 

Maximum  service  entrance  ages  are  35  years  for  inex- 
perienced and  45  years  for  experienced  men. 

Retirement  regulations  same  as  for  Oregon  Railroad  & 
Navigation  Company  (vide  supra). 

Financed  wholly  by  Company  contribution,  consisting  of 
an  investment  fund  of  $7,500,  the  interest  from  which  is 
applied  to  payment  of  pensions,  and  when  such  accrued 
interest  is  not  sufficient  to  discharge  Department  expenses, 
the  Company  makes  a  further  annual  appropriation  of 
$5,000  as  often  as  such  condition  arises. 

No  pensioners. 


Pacifio  System. 


Sunset  Route. 


Southern  Pacific  System. 
Pacific  System. 

(5,831  miles;  31,766  employes.) 

"Sunset  Route." 

(1,621  miles;  11,672  employes.) 


148 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Inauguration. 


Both  Departments  established  January  1, 1903 ;  that  of  the 
"Sunset  Route"  being  known  as  the  Pension  System  of  the 
Texas  &  New  Orleans  Railroad  Company. 


Management. 


Pacific  System: 

Administration  by  a  Board  of  Officers,  known  as  Board 
of  Pensions,  consisting,  until  otherwise  ordered,  of  the 
following  officers  of  the  Company:  Assistant  to  President, 
Manager  of  Pacific  System,  Engineer  Maintenance  of  Way, 
General  Superintendent  Motive  Power,  Auditor,  General 
Counsel,  and  Chief  Surgeon. 


Service  age. 


" Sunset  Route:" 

Administration  by  Board  of  Pensions,  same  as  for  Pacific 
System,  consisting,  until  otherwise  ordered,  of  following 
officers  of  the  Company :  Vice-President,  Manager,  Engineer 
Maintenance  of  Way,  Superintendent  Motive  Power, 
Auditor,  General  Attorney,  and  Chief  Surgeon. 

Maximum  service  entrance  ages  for  both  Departments 
are  35  years  for  inexperienced  and  45  years  for  experienced 
men. 


Financing. 


Retirement. 


Number  pensioners. 


Deaths. 


Financed : 

Pacific  System :     $100,000  set  aside  as  pension  fund,  in 

addition   to   which   Company   makes   each   year,   if 

necessary,     further     appropriation     not     exceeding 

$90,000. 
Sunset  Route:     $25,000    set    apart  as    pension  fund, 

and    further    annual    appropriation    not    exceeding 

$17,500  provided  for. 

Retirement  provisions  same  as  for  Oregon  Railroad  & 
Navigation  Company  (vide  supra). 

Number  of  pensioners,   "Pacific  System,"   110. 

Deaths  since  inauguration,  "Pacific  System,"  8. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


149 


Inauguration. 
Management. 


Service  age. 


Retirement  age. 


Financing. 


Number  pensioners. 

Disbursements. 

Deaths. 


Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company. 

(2,933.7  miles;  15,338  employes.) 

System  established  February  1,  1903. 

Administration  by  a  Board  of  Officers,  known  as  Board 
of  Pensions,  consisting,  until  otherwise  ordered,  of  following 
officers  of  the  Company:  General  Auditor,  General 
Solicitor,  Chief  Engineer,  Superintendent  of  Transportation, 
Superintendent  Motive  Power  and  Machinery,  and  Chief 
Surgeon. 

Maximum  service  entrance  ages  are  35  years  for  in- 
experienced and  45  years  for  experienced  men. 

Retirement:  Compulsory,  for  sedentary  grades,  at  age 
70,  with  20  years'  service,  and  for  active  grades,  at  age  65, 
with  same  service.  Voluntary  retirement,  for  incapacitation, 
between  ages  61  and  69,  inclusive,  with  same  service. 

$100,000  set  apart  as  a  pension  fund,  in  addition  to  which 
a  further  annual  appropriation  not  to  exceed  $50,000  is 
provided  for. 

Pensioners,  31. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  $6,296.39. 

Deaths  since  inauguration,  2. 


Canada. 

Inauguration. 
Management. 


Canada. 

Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company. 

(8,183  miles;  35,132  employes.) 

Department  established  January  1,  1903. 

Administration  is  by  a  Committee  composed  of  the 
following  officers  of  the  Company:  President  (who  is 
ex-officio  Chairman),  the  Vice-Presidents,  and  the  Chief 
Solicitor.  A  Secretary  is  appointed,  who  has  charge  of 
Department  records. 


150 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Retirement  age. 


Financing. 


General. 


Number  pensioners. 


Retirement:  Compulsory  at  age  65,  with  10  years' 
service.  Voluntary  retirement,  for  incapacitation,  between 
ages  60  and  65.  Provision  is  also  made  for  retirement  before 
age  60,  on  account  of  disability,  regardless  of  age  or  service. 
Retirements  are  made  effective  from  the  first  days  of 
January  or  July  in  each  year. 

$250,000  set  apart  as  an  investment  or  pension  fund,  with 
provision  for  further  annual  appropriation  not  to  exceed 
$80,000.  There  is  no  provision  for  ratable  reduction  in 
allowances,  the  amounts  named  being  intended  to  meet  all 
Department  expenditure. 

Other  features  same  as  common  to  roads  in  United  States 
{vide  supra). 

Number  of  pensioners,  94. 


Proposed  pension  scheme. 


Intercolonial  Railway  of  Canada. 

(1,342  miles;  5,525  employes.) 

This  Company  has  under  consideration  a  pension  scheme 
for  its  employes.  Preliminary  work  upon  scheme  details 
has  not  advanced  far  enough  to  admit  of  report  thereon. 


General  comment. 


Great  Britain. 

As  a  rule  pension  schemes  in  Great  Britain  call  for  con- 
tributions by  employes  and  compulsory  membership. 
Those  on  the  wage  list  only  are  affected  by  these  schemes. 
Under  this  arrangement  there  is  entailed  refunds  where 
non-pensioned  member  dies,  or  where  a  member  is  dis- 
missed or  leaves  the  service.  The  retirement  ages  are 
lower  than  with  the  American  roads,  but  the  service  period 
is  very  similar. 


Great  Central  Railway. 

(468  miles;  20.1S1  employes.) 

inauguration  oid-Age  Fund.         Great  Central  Railway  Mutual  Provident  Society  Accident 
and  Old- Age  Fund,  effective  July  1,  1874. 


Objects. 


Management. 


Contribution. 


Company"payments. 


Benefits. 


Insurance. 


Disablement. 


Old  age. 


Receipts. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision.  151 

Provides  pecuniary  relief  in  case  of  death  or  disablement 
arising  from  accident  while  in  discharge  of  duties,  and  for 
pensions  in  old  age. 

Affairs  administered  by  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Company's  Mutual  Provident  Society  (vide  supra, 
p.  90). 

Members  contribute  2d.  per  week. 

Up  to  June  30,  1898,  aggregate  contributions  by  Com- 
pany amounted  to  ,£7,486  6s.  6d.,  Company  payments 
having  been  discontinued  since  that  date. 

Benefit  allowances  are  as  follows: 

1. — Insurance  allowance  (if  killed  on  duty): 

Under  10  years'  membership,  ,£50. 
Over  10  years'  membership,  ,£60. 

2. — Disablement  allowance  (injured  on  duty) : 

5s.  per  week. 

Loss  of  eye,  hand,  or  foot,  ,£50,  and  an  artificial 
limb. 

3. — Old-age  disablement  allowance: 

7s.  per  week  at  60  years,  after  20  years'  contribu- 
tion, if  unable  to  work. 

7s.  per  week  under  60  years,  after  25  years'  con- 
tribution, if  unable  to  work. 

Receipts  since  inauguration,  ,£75,038  3s.  Id.,  made  up: 

From  membership .£53,595  12s.  Id. 

*From  Company ...     7,486  6s.  6d. 

Interest 13,954  10s.  Id. 

Sundries 1  14s.  5d. 

*  Company  ceased  contributing  June  30,  1898. 


152 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Disbursements. 


Disbursements  since  inauguration,  ,£39,815  18s.  Id.,  made 


up: 


Insurance  payments ,£13,530 

Disablement  payments 20,391 

*  Pensions 4,259 

Operating  expenses __ 1,634 


0s. 

Od. 

3s. 

2d. 

17s. 

8d. 

17s. 

3d. 

Number  members. 


Pensioners. 


Company  Retiring  Plan. 


Allowance  formula. 


Membership,  July  1,  1904,  12,623. 
Number  of  members  in  receipt  of  pensions,  128. 
Great  Central  Railway  Retiring  Allowances: 

At  present  the  Company  compulsorily  retires  all  servants 
at  age  65,  and  has  made  provision  for  the  staff  so  retired, 
who  have  completed  25  years'  service  and  are  not  members 
of  Railway  Clearing  System  Superannuation  Fund  Corpora- 
tion, to  receive  an  allowance  calculated  as  follows: 

Average  weekly  wage  for  10  years  X  years  of  service. 
65  X  2 

In  the  case  of  men  retired  for  incapacity  before  reaching 
65  the  number  65  in  above  formula  is  thus  changed,  viz.: 

At  age  64  substitute  66 
63  "  67 

62  "  68 

61  "  69 

60  "  70 


Minimum  and  maximum.  Minimum  allowance,  5s.  per  week;  maximum,    15s.   per 

week. 


Inauguration. 


Plan  was  put  in  force  October  1,  1903,  and  will  continue 
until  December  31,  1904,  when  the  question  will  be  recon- 
sidered. 


Management. 


Conducted   exclusively  by  Company  management,  em- 
ployes making  no  contributions  towards  benefit  allowances. 


*  Pension  benefits  commenced  July  1,  1896. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


153 


Number  participants. 


Inauguration. 
New  Pension  Fund. 


Number  of  persons  receiving  these  allowances  July  1, 
1904,  was  220,  total  weekly  payments  amounting  to  .£92 
10s.  4d.,  or  an  average  of  8s.  5d.  per  man  weekly. 

Great  Eastern  Railway. 

(1.182.5  miles.) 

A. — Operates  "New  Pension  Fund,"  established  January 
1,  1899,  which  is  practically  a  reconstitution  of  the  Pension 
Fund  established  under  Company  General  Powers  Act  of 
1890. 


Age  limit. 

Contributions  and  annual 
allowances. 


Refunds  based  on  premature 
retirement. 


Membership  admission  ages,  18  to  25  years. 

Schedule  of  Contributions  and  Annual  Retirement 

Allowances. 


Class 

Weekly 
Contribu- 
tions 

65  years, 
with  30 
years'    con- 
tributions 

Between  55  and  65 

years,  with  30  years' 
contributions 

Between  55  and  65 

years,  with  20  years' 
contributions 

Minimum    Maximum 

Minimum 

Maximum 

1 
2 
3 
4 

d. 
5 
4 
3 
2 

£ 
25 
20 
15 
10 

£                £        a. 
20               24       0 
16              19       4 
12         1      14       8 
8                9     12 

£ 

15 

12 

9 

6 

£        s. 
24       0 
19       4 
14       8 
9     12 

Minimum  and-  maximum  allowances  are  based  on  age. 

Retirement  when  member  is  under  age  55  years,  but 
after  his  contributions  amount  in  aggregate  to  total  amount 
of  contributions  applicable  to  his  class  for  20  years, 
entitles  him  to  refund  of  total  amount  of  his  contribu- 
tions, together  with  simple  interest  at  4  per  centum  per 
annum  on  the  aggregate  of  his  contributions  in  each  year 
as  from  last  day  of  year  in  which  such  contributions 
respectively  were  made,  and  in  addition  thereto  the  Pen- 
sion Committee  may  award  him  such  further  allowance 
as  it  considers  reasonable,  not  exceeding  in  amount  three- 
fourths  of  total  amount  so  to  be  refunded  to  him. 

When  such  retirement  takes  place  before  contributions 
aggregate  total  amount  of  contributions  applicable  to  his 
class  for  20  years,  but  after  he  has  attained  age  55  years, 
he  is  refunded  total  amount  of  his  contributions,  together 


154 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


with  interest  as  indicated  in  preceding  paragraph,  and  in 
addition  Pension  Committee  may  award  further  allowance 
not  exceeding  two-thirds  of  total  amount  so  to  be  refunded 
as  aforesaid. 

In  case  member  retires,  otherwise  than  as  stated  in  two 
preceding  paragraphs,  through  ill  health,  he  is  refunded 
total  amount  of  his  contributions,  together  with  simple 
interest  at  4  per  centum  per  annum  on  aggregate  of  his 
contributions  in  each  year  as  from  last  day  of  year  in  which 
such  contributions  were  made. 


Payments  after  death. 


Death  before  becoming  a 
pensioner. 


Where  member  dies,  after  becoming  a  pensioner  or  while 
in  receipt  of  retiring  allowance,  but  before  payments  to  him 
by  way  of  pension  or  retiring  allowance  have  reached  a  sum 
equal  to  twice  the  amount  of  his  contributions,  the  differ- 
ence between  such  sum  and  the  aggregate  payments  made 
to  him  by  way  of  pension  or  retiring  allowance,  is  paid  to 
the  personal  representatives  of  such  member  or  other 
persons  entitled  to  receive  same,  but  without  interest. 

When  member  dies  before  becoming  a  pensioner  his 
personal  or  other  representatives  are  entitled  to  receive  a 
sum  equal  to  twice  the  amount  of  his  contributions,  but 
without  interest. 


Resigning  from  service. 


Payment  periods. 


Where  a  member  voluntarily  or  on  notice  from  Company 
(except  for  dishonesty  or  fraud)  retires  from  the  service, 
he  is  refunded  all  his  contributions  with  simple  interest  at 
the  rate  of  3  per  centum  per  annum  on  the  aggregate  of 
such  contributions  in  each  year  from  the  last  day  of  the 
year  in  which  such  contributions  were  respectively  made. 

All  pensions  and  periodical  allowances  are  paid  weekly 
fortnightly,  or  monthly,  as  the  Pension  Committee  may 
from  time  to  time  determine. 


Back  payments. 


Where  employes  join  the  Fund  at  ages  above  the  maximum 
age  for  entrance  thereto,  they  make  additional  contribu- 
tions (back  payments),  according  to  age  at  joining,  also  con- 
formably with  prescribed  schedules  of  contributions,  and 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


155 


Deficits. 

New  Supplemental 
Pension  Fund. 


Basis  for  joining. 


Contributions  and  annual 
allowances. 


on  a  weekly  basis,  in  such  amounts  and  for  such  periods 
as  are  necessary  to  bring  about  full  discharge  of  such  back 
payments  by  the  time  they  are  aged  55  or  65  years;  this 
plan  being  productive  of  general  equalization  of  membership 
contributions  and  systematic  payment  of  pension  or  retir- 
ing allowances. 

Railway  Company  makes  good  Fund  deficiencies. 

B. — New  Supplemental  Pension  Fund,  established  January 
1,  1899,  having  been  organized  to  enable  employes  in  wage 
list  receiving  the  higher  wage  compensation  to  increase 
their  pension  allowances,  membership  being  divided  into 
two  classes,  namely,  "A"  and  "B." 

Servants  receiving  wages  at  rate  of  35s.  per  week  or  over 
or  of  5s.  lOd.  per  day  or  more  may  join  either  class — "A" 
or  "B  "  ;  but  those  receiving  less  than  wages  just  named  can 
join  only  Class  B.  Member  of  Class  B  may  on  becoming 
eligible,  or  within  three  months  thereafter,  join  Class  A; 
provided  always  that  every  member  of  B  who  joins  A  shall 
as  from  time  of  joining  latter  class  contribute  3d.  for  each 
7d.  he  contributed  as  a  member  of  B,  in  addition  to  lOd.  per 
week  to  be  contributed  by  him  as  member  of  A,  together 
with  compound  interest  at  rate  of  4  per  centum  per  annum 
on  each  such  3d.  from  time  when  same  would  have  been 
paid  if  such  member  had  originally  joined  A  until  payment 
thereof. 

Members  of  both  this  Fund  and  the  "New  Pension  Fund  " 
(vide  supra)  cease  to  be  members  upon  becoming  members 
of  the  Superannuation  Fund. 

Schedule  of  Weekly  Contributions  and  Annual 
Retiring  Allowances. 


Class 

Weekly 
contribu- 
tions 

Pension 
at  65  years, 

with  30 
years'    con- 
tributions 

Retiring  Allowance 

between  55  and  65 

years,  with  30  years' 

contributions 

Retiring  Allowance 

between  55  and  65 

years,  with  20  years' 

contributions 

Minimum     Maximum 

Minimum    Maximum 

A 
B 

d. 
10 

7 

£ 
50 
35 

£        s. 
40       0 
28       0 

£        s.           £        s. 
48       0          30       0 
33     12          21       0 

£        s. 
48       0 
33     12 

156 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Inauguration. 

Compulsory. 
Retirement  age. 
Allowances. 

Average  age. 
Financing. 

Extra  payments. 
Pension  basis. 

Receipts. 
Disbursements. 

Commutation. 

Number  pensioners. 

Widows  and 
Orphans'  Fund. 


Great  Western  Railway. 

(2,711  miles;  64,699  employes.) 

Conducts  the  "Great  Western  Railway  Company's 
Servants'  Pension  Fund,"  established  in  1880,  and  effective 
in  1885. 

Membership  compulsory,  at  option  of  Directors  of  Com- 
pany. 

Retirement:  Age  must  be  55  years  and  upwards;  mem- 
bership must  be  30  years  and  upwards;  entitled  on  retire- 
ment to  a  pension  or  superannuation  allowance  of  10s.  pet- 
week,  with  an  additional  allowance  of  Is.  per  week  for  every 
completed  term  of  five  years'  membership  beyond  the  first 
30  years. 

Average  age  of  retirement,  62^  years. 

Maintained  by  membership  contributions  and  an  annual 
subscription  by  Company  equal  in  amount  to  aggregate 
of  membership  contributions. 

Members  make  extraordinary  payments  when  necessary 
to  keep  amount  invested  up  to  ,£40,000. 

Age  and  service  basis  of  determining  pension ;  computation 
made  on  years  of  membership. 

Receipts  during  year  ended  December  31,  1903,  .£23,669. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  about 
,£200,000. 

Commutation  of  allowances  by  payment  of  lump  sum 
permitted. 

Pensioners  at  end  of  1903,  793. 

Distinct  departments  deal  with  the  Servants'  Pension 
and  the  Widows  and  Orphans'  Fund. 


Total  membership. 


Membership  at  end  of  1903,  15,500. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


157 


Great  Western  Railway 
Pension  Society. 


Management. 


Membership  age. 


Voluntary. 
Financing. 


Contributions  and 
allowances. 


Great  Western  Railway  Pension  Society. 

' '  Great  Western  Railway  Pension  Society ' '  succeeded ' '  Great 
Western  Railway  Company's  Servants'  Pension  Fund" 
on  March  28,  1904. 

Administration  is  by  a  Committee  of  Management 
(appointed  at  each  Annual  General  Meeting),  consisting  of  a 
Chairman  and  six  other  members;  the  Trustees,  three  in 
number,  chosen  from  the  Directors  and  principal  officers 
of  Company  (who  continue  in  office  until  death,  resignation, 
or  removal) ;  a  Secretary ;  a  Treasurer ;  and  Auditors,  two 
in  number,  one  elected  by  members  and  the  other  appointed 
by  Companv.  Once  at  least  in  ever}'  five  years  the  assets  and 
liabilities  of  Society  (including  the  estimated  risks  and 
contributions)  are  valued  in  manner  provided  by  Friendly 
Societies  Act,  1896. 

Employes  between  ages  18  and  30  years,  both  inclusive, 
are  eligible  to  membership. 

Membership  voluntary. 

Maintained  by  membership  contributions,  and  an  annual 
contribution  by  the  Company  of  £2,000  during  the  first 
quinquennial  period. 

Members  of  the  old  fund  contribute  for  and  receive  the 
following  allowances : 

Contribution.  Pension  Allowance. 

Weekly.  Weekly. 

3d...__ 3s. 

4d 4s. 

5d._ - 5s. 

Contributions  and  allowances  for  new  members: 

For  a  pension  of  5s.  per  week: 

Age  Next  Birthday.  Weekly  Payment. 

19 4d. 

20 5d. 

21 - 5d. 

22 5d. 

23 5d. 

24 5d. 

25 - 6d. 

26 6d. 

27        6d. 

28 7d. 

29 7d. 

30 7d. 


158 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Retirement  age. 


Pensions  are  payable  as  follows: 
To  old  members  after  attaining  age  of  60  years. 
To  new  members  after  attaining  age  of  65  years. 


Incapacitation  allowance. 


In  case  of  retirement  from  service  in  consequence  of 
incapacity  from  accident  or  infirmity  of  body  or  mind,  not 
result  of  misconduct,  pension  is  paid: 

To  old  member  irrespective  of  age  provided  his  period 
of  membership  has  not  been  less  than  30  years,  and  to 
new  member  between  ages  60  and  65  years. 


Other  disablement 
allowance. 


To  member  (other  than  non-service  members)  not 
entitled  to  pension  under  foregoing  provision,  but  who 
becomes  permanently  disabled  from  following  usual  employ- 
ment, or  from  earning  wages  in  excess  of  10s.  a  week  and 
to  whom  Provident  Society  (vide  supra,  p.  96)  grants  sick 
pay  allowance  of  4s.  a  week,  the  Pension  Society  will  grant 
a  pension  of  2s.  6d.  a  week,  to  continue  so  long  as  Provident 
Society  sick  pay  allowance  continues,  or  until  such  member 
attains  60  years,  if  an  old  member,  or  65  years,  if  a  new 
member,  when  full  pension  will  be  payable,  member  pay- 
ing contributions  until  full  pension  accrues;  where  such 
member  at  time  Society  grants  pension  of  2s.  6d.  a  week 
had  at  least  a  15-year  period  of  membership  to  his  credit, 
the  full  pension  will  be  payable  when  his  period  of  member- 
ship reaches  30  years,  if  an  old  member,  or  upon  attaining 
age  60,  if  a  new  member. 


Increased  pension. 


Member  before  attaining  age  50  may  contribute,  accord- 
ing to  prescribed  schedule,  for  an  increased  pension,  to 
accrue  as  regards  old  members  on  reaching  age  60,  and  new 
member  on  attaining  age  65,  provided,  however,  that  the 
total  pension  allowance  shall  not  exceed  10s.  per  week. 


Members  leaving  service  or 
dying  before  pension. 


Member  leaving  service,  with  membership  of  less  than  10 
years,  receives  back  whole  of  his  contributions. 

Member  leaving  service,  with  membership  of  10  years 
and  over,  has  option  of  continuing  membership,  or,  in  lieu 
thereof,  receives  back  whole  of  his  contributions.     Member 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


159 


Member  dying  before 
pension. 


Commutation. 


exercising  the  option  of  continuing  membership  (styled 
"non-service  member")  is  entitled  to  withdraw  from 
Society  at  any  time  and  be  repaid  whole  of  his  contributions 
less  any  sums  received  by  way  of  pension. 

Member  dying  before  receiving  pension  gets  back  whole 
of  his  contributions;  or  where  member  dies  after  receiving 
pension,  the  balance,  if  any,  between  amount  so  received 
and  amount  of  his  contributions  is  paid  to  person  nominated, 
under  prescribed  conditions,  to  receive  same. 

Contributions  returned  under  above  provisions  are  repaid 
without  interest. 

Commutation  of  allowances  by  payment  of  lump  sum 
permitted. 


Supplemental  pension 
arrangement. 


Supplemental  Pensions  by  the  Great  Western  Railway  Com- 
pany: 

From  and  after  March  28,  1904,  the  Railway  Company 
pays  supplemental  pensions  to  members  of  the  Pension 
Fund : 

a. — To   members   in   receipt   of   pension,  one-half  the 

amount  thereof. 
b. — To  members  leaving  service  or  dying  before  pension 

(non-service  members  excepted) : 
1. — 40    years'    service    and    upwards,    pension    equal 

to  one-fourth  of  weekly  wages. 

2. — Less  than  40  but  not  less  than  30  years'  service, 

pension  calculated  on  same  basis,  but  reduced  in 

same  proportion  as  years  of  service  are  less  than  40. 

3. — Maximum  and  minimum  supplemental  pensions: 


Number  of  Years'  Service 

Company's  Supplemental  Pension 
per  Week 

Maximum                    Minimum 

15s.          Od.                    4s.            Od. 

15s.          Od.                    5s.            Od. 

1 

*  Intervening  years  between  30  and  40  call  for  allowance  on  graduated  ascend- 
ing scale. 


160 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Basis  of  allowance. 


4. — For  old  member  Company's  supplemental  pension 
will  be  not  less  than  the  difference  between  Society's 
pension  of  5s.  a  week  and  the  pension  for  which 
rules  of  Pension  Fund  provided: 


Length  of  Mem- 
bership of  Pension 
Fund  and  Society 
combined 


Pension  provided 

by  Rules  of 

Pension  Fund 


30    to    34    years 
completed... 


50    years  and    up- 
wards completed* 


10s.      Od. 


Od. 


Society's 
Pension 


5s. 
5s. 


Od. 
Od. 


Minimum  Supple- 
mental Pension 


5s.  Od. 

9s.  Od.* 


Completed  years  of  service  only  are  taken  into  account 
for  the  purpose  of  arriving  at  amount  of  Company's  supple- 
mental pension,  which  is  calculated  upon  average  weekly 
rate  of  wages  of  member  for  his  last  three  years  of  service. 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(1,945*  miles;  82,835  employes.) 


List  of  pension 
undertakings. 


Pension  undertakings  on  account  of  employes  of  the 
Company  will  be  treated  under  the  following  heads,  and  in 
the  order  named,  viz.: 

a. — London  &  North  Western  Railway  Provident  and 

Pension  Society. f 
b. — London    &    North    Western    Railway    Provident 

Society. f 
c. — London  &  North  Western  Railway  Supplemental 

Pension  Fund. 
d. — London   &   North   Western   Railway   Locomotive 

Foremen's  Pension  Fund. 
e. — London    &    North    Western    Railway    Provident 
Society  for  Providing  Pensions  for  Widows  and 
Orphans  of  members  of  the  Salaried  Staff. 

*  Intervening  years,  35  to  49,  both  inclusive,  call  for  allowances  on  graduated 
ascending  scale. 

t  The  Provident  Society,  although  combined  in  the  title  "  Provident  and 
Insurance  Society,"  is  invested  with  distinctive  features  calling  for  separate 
consideration. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


161 


Inauguration. 


Objects. 


Scales  of  payments  and 
benefits. 


a.— London  &  North  Western  Railway  Provident 
and  Pension  Society. 

Provident  Society  established  January  1,  1874.  Pension 
Fund  established  May  1,  1883.  The  two  funds,  forming 
the  present  Provident  and  Pension  Society,  were  amalga- 
mated January  1,  1889. 

Object  of  Society  is  to  provide  the  following  benefits  to 
its  members:* 

a — a  weekly  allowance  in  cases  of  temporary  disable- 
ment for  work. 

b. — A  retiring  gratuity  for  old  or  disabled  members  in 
certain  cases. 

c. — A  death  allowance  to  the  representatives  of  de- 
ceased members. 

d. — An  allowance  towards  the  funeral  expenses  on  the 
death  of  a  member's  wife. 

e. — A  pension  to  old  or  disabled  members. 

Retirements  are  regulated  in  accordance  with  the  follow- 
ing scales  of  payments  and  benefits — namely,  Scale  A, 
Scale  B,  Scale  C,  and  Scale  D : 

SCALE  A. 
Scale  A  provides  as  follows: 

1st  Class.— Members  not  under  18  years  of  age  and  receiving  wages 
of  12s.  per  week  and  upwards,  contribute  7d.  per  week;  sum 
insured  in  case  of  temporary  disablement  for  work  owing  to 
sickness  or  accident  incurred  while  not  in  discharge  of  duty,  or 
from  any  cause  not  provided  for  in  rules  of  Society,  subject  to  six 
months'  membership,  is  12s.  per  week,  during  disablement,  not 
exceeding  52  weeks;  sum  insured  in  case  of  death  from  other 
causes  than  that  provided  for  by  rules  of  Society  under  head  of 
Accident  on  Duty,  deceased  having  been  a  member  during  six 
months  immediately  preceding  death,  £10;  payment  upon  death 
of  member's  wife  towards  funeral  expenses  subject  to  approval 
of  committee  in  each  case,  and  also  to  condition  that  member  has 


*  Note. — Payments  above  referred  to,  in  clauses  "  a  "  and  "  b,  "  restricted  to 
cases  of  disablement  arising  from  other  causes  than  accident  on  duty,  and  in 
clause  "  c  "  to  cases  of  death  from  other  causes  than  accident  on  duty,  except  in 
those  cases  in  which  Company  liability  under  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  does 
not  exceed  £10. 


162 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


been  in  Society  six  months,  and  that  death  takes  place  during 
membership,  sum  not  exceeding  £5;  retiring  gratuity  to  be  paid  to 
member  in  event  of  becoming  disqualified  for  duty  and  leaving 
service  before  attaining  the  age  of  60  (after  which  age  is  entitled 
to  pension  of  12s.  per  week),  viz.: 


Class 

After  5  and 
not  exceeding 

io  years' 
membership 

After  io  and 
not  exceeding 

15  years' 
membership 

After  15  and 
not  exceeding  ;  After  20  years' 
20  years'           membership 
membership 

1st  class 

£12     10s. 

12     10s. 

6       5s. 

£25       Os. 
25       Os. 
12     10s. 

£37     10s. 
37     10s. 
18     15s. 

£50 

2nd  class 

50 

3rd  class  

25 

Weekly  pension  payable  after  age  of  65,  or  after  age  of  60  if  dis- 
qualified for  work,  12s.  for  1st  class  and  9s.  for  2nd  class;  weekly 
pension  after  20  years'  membership  if  disqualified  for  work  before 
attaining  the  age  of  60,  5s.  Od.  for  1st  class  and  3s.  6d.  for  2nd  class. 

2nd  Class. — Membership  age  and  wage  earning  same  as  for  1st  class, 
weekly  payments  6d.;  and  allowances  same  as  for  1st  class,  as 
above,  except  for  weekly  pension  payment  features  as  indicated. 

3rd  Class. — Members  under  18  years  of  age  or  receiving  wages  of  less 
than  12s.  per  week,  weekly  payments  2d.,  receive  half  rates,  but 
they  do  not  participate  in  weekly  pension  payment  features. 


SCALE  B. 
Scale  B  provides  as  follows: 

Pertains  to  1st  and  2nd  class  members  only ,  provision  operating  under 

same  general  headings  as  given  for  Scale  "A"  hereof. 
Weekly  payments,  members  not  under  18  years  and  receiving  12s. 

per  week  and  upwards  in  wages,  1st  class,  7d.;  2nd  class,  6d. 

Disablement  allowance,  not  exceeding  52  weeks,  1st  class,  12s.; 

2nd  class,  12s.     Death  allowance,  1st  class,  £10;  2nd  class,  £10; 

allowance  for  member's  wife,  1st  class  and  2nd  class,  £5.    Retiring 

gratuity,  viz.: 


Class 

After  5  and 
not  exceeding 

10  years' 
membership 

After  10  and 
not  exceeding 

15  years' 
membership 

After  15  and 
not  exceeding 

20  years' 
membership 

After  20  years' 
membership 

1st  class  

£12     10s. 
12     10s. 

£25       0s. 
25       0s. 

£37     10s. 
37     10s. 

£50 

2nd  class 

50 

Weekly  pension  allowance  after  65,  or  after  60  when  disqualified, 
1st  class,  10s.;  2nd  class,  7s.  Weekly  pension  after  20  years' 
membership,   etc.,  1st  class,  5s.  0d.;  2nd  class,  3s.  6d. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


163 


SCALE  C. 
Scale  C  provides  as  follows: 

Pertains  to  two  classes,  1st  composed  of  members  receiving  wages  of 
12s.  per  week  and  upwards,  and  2nd  consisting  of  those  receiving 
under  12s.  per  week. 

Same  general  headings  as  for  Scales  "A"  and  "B"  for  both  classes, 
the  two  headings  for  pension  payments  being  omitted. 

1st  class  weekly  payments,  5d.;  2nd  class,  2d.  Disablement  benefits 
not  exceeding  52  weeks,  1st  class,  12s. ;  2nd  class,  6s.  Death  allow- 
ance, 1st  class,  £10;  2nd  class,  £5;  allowance  on  death  of  mem- 
ber's wife,  both  classes,  £5;  retiring  gratuity: 


Proportions  borne  in 
financing. 


After  5  and 
Class               not  exceeding 
io  years' 
|   membership 

After  io  and 
not  exceeding 

15  years' 
membership 

After  15  and 

not  exceeding    After  20  year* 
20  years'       1    membership 
membership 

1st  class. 

£12     10s. 

6       5s. 

£25       0s. 
12     10s. 

£37     10s. 
18     15s. 

£50 

2nd  class 

25 

SCALE  D. 


Class 

Qualifications 

Weekly 
Payments 

Weekly  Pension, 
after  the  age  of 
65,  or  after  age 
of  60  if  disquali- 
fied for  work 

Weekly  Pension, 
after    20    years' 
membership    if 
disqualified    for 
work  before  at- 
taining age  of  60 

1st  class.. 
2nd  class. 

Not  under  18,  and 
receiving  12s.  per 
week  and  over 
do 

2d. 
Id. 

10s. 

7s. 

5s.   Od. 
3s.   6d. 

Company  contributes  Id.  per  week  per  member,  with  a 
maximum  of  .£6,000  per  annum-.  The  proportions  borne 
by  the  Company  and  the  members  in  financing  the  organiza- 
tions are: 

Company,  about  one-third. 

Members,  about  two-thirds. 


Membership. 


Fund  is  open  to  all  regularly  appointed  weekly  wages 
staff  excepting  the  Locomotive  Department  (vide  infra), 
and  the  staff  of  most  of  the  lines  in  which  the  Company  is 
jointly  interested  are  also  admitted. 


164 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Age  limit. 


Maximum  age  limit  for  entrance  to  Company's  service 
varies  in  different  departments  of  the  service.  The  maximum 
age  for  new  entrants  to  the  Fund  is  45  years. 


Retirement  age. 


Voluntary  retirement  upon  attaining  age  of  65  years; 
involuntary  retirement  being  governed  by  state  of  health 
in  relation  to  fitness  to  continue  performance  of  duties 
incident  to  position  in  service. 


Basis  of  allowance. 


Basis  for  determining  pension  allowance :     Class  in  Fund, 
age,  and  qualifying  membership. 


Deficits. 


Provision  for  levying  two  additional  weekly  contributions 
during  a  period  of  three  months,  to  meet  deficiencies,  also  for 
modifying  scale  of  payments  and  benefits  in  same  relation. 


Commutation. 


Commutation  of  allowance  permissible.  In  agreeing 
upon  a  sum,  there  is  taken  into  consideration  the  weekly 
amount,  conditions  of  pensioner's  health,  and  his  age. 


Average  retirement  age. 


Average  age  of  retirement  on  full  pensions  (at  age  60  and 
upwards),  65  years;  and  on  half  pensions  (under  age  60), 
52  years. 


Receipts. 


Receipts  per  annum  aggregate  ,£17,280. 


Total  disbursements. 


Expenditure  for  pensions   since   inauguration,  ,£128,741 
18s.  3d. 


Total  operating  expense.  Expenditure    for    fund    operation    since     inauguration, 

£11,425  18s.  Od. 


Number  contributing 
members. 


Members  contributing  for  pension  benefits,  Scales  "A," 
"B,"  and  "C"  (vide  supra),  December  31,  1903,  numbered 
41,090. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


165 


Number  pensioners.  Number  in  receipt  of  pension  December  31,  1903,  was 

1,165. 


Number  deceased 
pensioners. 


Number  of  pensioners  deceased,  or  pensions  commuted, 
535. 


Balance. 


Balance  to  Society's  credit  at  close  of  1903,  £225,638 
6s.  2d. 


-London  &  North  Western  Railway   Provident 
Society. 


General. 


While  in  this  report  the  "Provident  Society"  is  referred 
to  as  forming  a  part  of  the  ' '  Provident  and  Pension  Society" 
(vide  p.  161),  the  pension  feature  only  is  discussed  under  the 
latter  heading,  and  there  will  next  be  given  brief  presentation 
of  characteristics  pertaining  to  the  provident  feature. 


Inauguration. 


Provident  Society  was  formed  January  1,  1874. 


Objects. 


No  entrance  fee. 


Object  was  to  provide  allowance  in  cases  of  disablement 
due  to  sickness  or  accident  when  not  on  duty,  also  an 
allowance  at  death  of  a  member  from  other  causes  than 
accident  on  duty ;  also  an  allowance  at  death  of  a  member's 
wife;  and,  also,  a  retiring  gratuity  was  later  added — the 
retiring  gratuity  will,  however,  eventually  be  largely  merged 
in  the  pension  feature  (vide  supra,  Scale  "A"),  which  will 
thereby  be  increased  from  7s.  and  10s.  to  9s.  and  12s. 
respectively. 

No  entrance  fee,  member  becoming  entitled  to  all  benefits, 
excepting  the  retiring  gratuity,  after  six  months'  member- 
ship. 


> 


166 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Contributions. 


Payments  for  provident  benefits,  apart  from  the  pension, 
are  as  follows: 


Boys  and  others  whose  wages  are  under  12s.  per  week. 
Those  receiving  12s.  per  week  or  over. 


Weekly 
Premium 


2d. 
5d. 


Sick  allowance. 


Sick  allowance  payable  for  a  total  period  of  52  weeks  at 
following  rates: 


Class 

Amount  of 
Allowance 

1st  class  member. 

12s. 

2nd  class  member 

6s. 

All  previous  payments  are  included  in  calculating  the 
52  weeks  unless  a  member  has  been  free  of  the  funds  for 
12  months. 


Sick  disbursements. 


Weekly  allowances,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to 
£528,834  16s.  lid.  (including  £6,217  12s.  6d.  paid  by 
weekly  installments  for  retiring  gratuities  or  in  excess  of 
52  weeks),  have  been  paid  to  sick  members  since  inaugura- 
tion of  the  Society. 


Extended  sick  allowance. 


Committee  of  Management  is  empowered,  in  exceptional 
cases  of  illness,  extending  beyond  52  weeks,  during  which 
sick  allowance  has  been  paid  according  to  scale,  to  grant 
further  sum  not  exceeding  £10,  either  in  one  amount  or  in 
weekly  allowances ;  it  being  understood  that  if  member  does 
not  eventually  resume  work,  and  is  entitled  to  the  retiring 
gratuity,  the  amount  paid  in  excess  of  52  weeks'  allowance 
will  be  deducted  therefrom. 

Up  to  end  of  1903  extended  weekly  allowances  amounting 
to  £5,556  2s.  Id.  (in  addition  to  payments  in  one  sum  to 
extent  of  £920  Is.  2d.)  had  been  granted. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


167 


Natural  death  allowance. 


Natural  death  allowance 


Class 

Amount  of 
Allowance 

1st  class  member 

£10 

2nd  class  member 

5 

Disbursements  for 
natural  death  allowance. 


Wives'  death  allowance. 


Since  allowance  at  death  of  a  member  was  introduced 
(to  close  of  1903),  payments  amounting  to  ,£52,966  9s.  Id. 
have  been  made  to  representatives  of  deceased  members, 
the  average  number  of  cases  per  annum,  based  on  the 
four-year  period  1900  to  1903,  inclusive,  having  been  319. 

Wives'  death  allowance: 


Class 


1st  class  member. 


Amount  of 
Allowance 


£5 


Disbursements  account 
of  wives. 


Since  February  26,  1884,  when  this  form  of  allowance 
was  first  adopted,  a  total  sum  of  ,£17,870  has  been  paid  to 
members  on  the  death  of  their  wives;  the  average  expendi- 
ture in  this  direction  per  annum  being  ,£1,095,  based  on 
the  four-year  period,  1900-1903. 


Retiring  gratuities. 


Retiring  gratuities:* 


1st  class  member. 


Amount  of  Allowance 


£12  10s.  Od.  for  each  completed  period  of  5  years' 
membership,  up  to  a  total  of  £50  secured  after 
20  years'  membership. 


Note. — 2nd  class  members  in  Scale  "C"  {vide  supra)  correspond 
with  3rd  class  members  in  Scale  "A,"  1st  and  2nd  class  members 
in  Scales  "A"  and  "B"  being  same  for  provident  but  different 
for  pension  benefits. 


*  As  all  2nd  class  members  eventually  become  1st  class  members,  there  are 
naturally  no  claims  from  2nd  class  members  under  this  head. 


168 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Disbursements  for 
retiring  gratuities. 


Retiring  gratuities  amounting  to  £86,033  7s.  Id.  (in 
addition  to  £661  10s.  5d.  by  weekly  installments)  have 
been  paid  since  this  form  of  allowance  was  introduced,  up 
to  end  of  1903. 


Company  contribution. 


Number  members. 


Railway  Company  contributes  £800  per  annum  on  account 
of  the  "provident"  section  of  the  ' ' Provident  and  Insurance 
Society." 

Number  of  provident  members  December  31,  1903,  was 
44,364,  or  about  54  per  centum  of  total  working  force. 


c. — London  &  North  Western  Railway  Supplemental 
Pension  Fund. 


Inauguration. 


The  Supplemental  Pension  Fund  was  introduced  May  1, 

1899. 


Objects. 


Membership. 


Retirement  provision. 


Object  is  to  provide  an  additional  pension  to  that  secured 
through  the  "Provident  and  Pension  Society,"  hereinbefore 
treated  {vide  supra). 

Membership  consists  of  such  persons  as  are  members  of 
the  "Provident  and  Pension  Society,"  and  who  voluntarily 
elect  to  join  it. 

Members  on  attaining  age  65,  and  retiring,  entitled  to 
allowance  of  5s.  per  week. 

Members  between  ages  60  and  65  unable,  owing  to  failing 
health  or  impaired  energies,  to  continue  work,  entitled  to 
pension  of  5s.  per  week ;  but  no  member  whose  age  on  joining 
exceeded  55  years  is  eligible  for  pension  until  contribution 
has  been  made  for  a  five-year  period. 


Management. 


Fund  managed  by  Committee  of  Management  of  "Pen- 
sion and  Provident  Society,"  but  is  entirely  separate  from 
and  independent  of  that  Society. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


169 


Payment  tables. 


Table  "A,"  no  return 
of  premium. 


Table  "B,"  with  return 
of  premium. 


Receipts. 


Disbursements. 


Balance. 


Number  members. 


Following  are  scales  of  payments  under  Fund  operations : 

TABLE  "A." 
(Based    on     five-year    period,  ages    20  to   60,  inclusive — with    no 
return  of  premiums  or  interest  at  death  or  withdrawal.) 


Age  of  Entrant    Weekly  Premium  I   Age  of  Entrant    Weekly  Premium 


From  20  to  25.... 

0s. 

3d. 

From  40  to  45.... 

0s.  lOd. 

"      25  to  30.... 

0s. 

4d. 

"      45  to  50.... 

Is.     3d. 

"      30  to  35..- 

0s. 

5d. 

"      50  to  55.... 

2s.     2d. 

"      35  to  40.... 

0s. 

7d. 

"      55  to  60.... 

4s.     6d. 

TABLE  "B." 
(With  return  of  premiums  and  interest  at  3  per  centum  thereon  at 
death  or  withdrawal.) 


Age  of  Entrant    Weekly  Premium 

1  Age  of  Entrant 

Weekly  Premium 

From  20  to  25 j         0s.     4d. 

"      25  to  30....          0s.     6d. 
"      30  to  35....          0s.     8d. 
"      35  to  40....          0s.  lid. 

From  40  to  45.... 
"      45  to  50... 
"      50  to  55.... 
"      55  to  60.... 

Is.     3d. 
Is.     9d. 
2s.     9d. 
5s.     6d. 

Receipts  to  end  of  1903,  .£1,206  13s.  5d. 
Average  annual  receipts,  about  £216. 

Disbursements  to  end  of  1903,  about  £122. 
Average  annual  disbursements,  £25. 

Fund  balance  December  31,  1903,  £1,084  17s.  lOd. 

Number  of  members,  70. 


Inauguration. 
Objects. 


d. — London  &  North  Western  Railway  Locomotive 
Foremen's  Pension  Fund. 

Established  May  1,  1889. 

Objects  are  to  provide  pensions  for  members,  qualified 
by  age  or  circumstance,  and  grant  gratuities  upon  retire- 
ment through  lengthened  sickness  or  permanent  incapacity, 
resulting  in  inability  to  attend  to  duty,  before  a  pension 
can  be  claimed  under  the  rules. 


170 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Contributions. 


Contributions  are  on  following  basis: 

a. — Under  35  years  of  age,  4s.  4d.  per  month;  over  35 
but  not  more  than  45  years  of  age,  where  ap- 
pointed foreman  or  inspector,  required  to  pay 
back  single  premiums  to  age  35  by  paying  treble 
the  ordinary  monthly  premium  until  arrears  are 
cleared  off. 

b. — Railway  Company  contributes: 

1. — Sum  equal  to  9d.  per  month  for  each  member. 

2. — Is.    6d.   for  each   member   enrolled   paying  double 

premiums. 
3. — 2s.    3d.    for  each   member  enrolled   paying    treble 

premiums. 
4. — On  behalf  of   fund,  such  further  sum  as  may  be 

required  to  make  up  not  less  than  £250  per  annum 

in  the  aggregate. 


Allowances. 


Pension  claims  paid  on  following  scale: 

a. — Where  member  joined  not  over  25  years  of  age, 

26s.  per  week. 
b. — Where  over  25  but  not  over  30  years  of  age,  23s. 

per  week. 
c. — Where  over  30  years  of  age,  20s.  per  week. 


Normal  age. 


Normal  pensioning  age,  60  years. 


Refund  under  25  years' 
membership. 


Permanent  incapacitation  within  25  years'  membership, 
and  after  six  (6)  months'  absence  from  duty,  entitles  to 
refund  of  payments  to  Fund,  together  with  Railway  Com- 
pany's payments  in  member's  behalf,  as  retiring  gratuity. 


Pension  after  25  years' 
membership. 


Incapacitation  after  25  years'  membership  entitles  to 
pension  equal  to  such  proportion  of  amount  as  would  have 
been  paid  at  ages  60  or  65,  as  length  of  membership  years 
bears  in  completed  years  to  number  of  years  of  contribution 
incident  to  claiming  actual  pension  allowance. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


171 


Kefund  on  dismissal,  etc. 


Fund  balance. 

Disbursements. 

Number  pensioned. 

Deaths. 

Number  members. 


Member  promoted  to  salaried  staff  and  joining  Superan- 
nuation Fund  Association  (vide  infra)  of  the  Company,  and 
any  member  voluntarily  leaving  the  service  and  not  being 
employed  in  any  other  department  of  Company,  receives 
back  whole  sum  he  contributed  in  premiums,  less  his  pro- 
portion of  working  expenses  calculated  at  rate  of  2s.  per 
annum;  the  same  provision  for  refund  also  applying  to  any 
member  dismissed  the  service  for  any  cause  other  than 
drunkenness  or  acts  of  criminal  misconduct. 

Amount  standing  to  credit  of  Fund  membership  April 
30,  1904,  £6,725  18s.  6£d. 

Disbursements  for  pensions  during  year  ending  April  30, 
1904,  £867  4s.  Od. 

Number  of  members  pensioned  since  organization,  30. 

Number  of  deaths  among  pensioners  since  organization,  1 1 . 

Number  of  members  on  Fund  register  April  30,  1904,  194. 


Inauguration. 
Objects. 


Membership. 


e. — London  &  North  Western  Railway  Provident 
Society  for  Providing  Pensions  for  Widows  and 
Orphans  of  Members  of  the  Salaried  Staff. 

Established  October  1,  1900. 

Object  to  provide  pensions  for  widows  and  orphans  of 
officers  and  servants  of  Railway  Company  remunerated  by 
an  annual  salary  in  contradistinction  to  weekly  wages  and 
to  any  form  of  remuneration  other  than  an  annual  salary, 
and  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  other  persons  eligible 
as  members  of  the  Society. 

Membership  consists  of  all  salaried  staff  over  age  25  or  on 
attaining  that  age.  Compulsory  for  all  new  appointments 
to  service. 


172 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Scale  of  allowances. 


Children. 


Maximum  allowance. 


Dismissal,  etc. 


Continued  membership. 


Upon  death  of  member  who  has  contributed  for  at  least 
10  years,  his  widow  is  entitled  to  pension  for  life,  or  until 
remarriage,  according  to  pension  scale  given  next  below, 
minimum  allowance  to  widow  being  in  no  case  less  than  ,£15 
per  annum: 


Years  of 

Contribution 

completed 

Proportion  of 
Average  Salary 
during  years  of 

Contribution 

Years  of 

Contribution 

completed 

Proportion  of 
Average  Salary 
during  years  of 

Contribution 

10 

11 

12 
13 
14 
15 

I  0 

So 

I I 
J? 

12 
?8 
1  3 

8  7 
1  i 
"8"6 
1  5 
'85 

26 

27 
28 
29 
30 
31 

26 
7¥ 

rk 

28 
72 
2  9 
7T 
30 
TO 
31 
6? 

and  so  on  up  to  40  and  over,  when  the  proportion  is  f§. 

Notwithstanding  the  above,  if  a  member  leave  a  widow 
who,  at  date  of  his  death,  is  between  10  and  15  years  his 
junior,  such  widow  shall  only  be  entitled  to  a  pension  of 
three-fourths  of  the  amount  specified  in  the  foregoing 
scale,  and  if  more  than  15  years  his  junior,  one-half 
only  thereof;  but  such  reduction  to  the  widow  does  not 
affect  or  diminish  the  amounts  payable  to  any  child  under 
the  age  of  15  years. 

Children  to  extent  of  three  (3)  are  paid  a  quarter  of  a 
widow's  pension  each ;  but  if  there  be  no  widow,  then  a 
child's  pension  is  half  widow's  allowance  ;  children's  allow- 
ance to  cease  in  all  cases  after  age  of  15  years. 

Maximum  pension  for  widow  and  children,  ,£300  per 
annum. 

Upon  resignation  or  dismissal,  member's  own  contribu- 
tions returned,  without  interest. 

When  pensioned  the  contributions  cease,  but  membership 
continues.  If  member  has  no  wife,  nor  children  under  age 
15,  then  membership  definitely  ceases  and  all  his  own 
contributions  are  returned,  without  interest. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


173 


Special  refund  provision. 


Contributions. 


Death  at  any  time  and  leaving  no  widow,  nor  children 
under  age  15,  results  in  an  amount  equal  to  his  own  con- 
tributions being  paid  to  legal  representatives.  Death 
under  10  years'  membership,  leaving  widow  or  children, 
entitles  to  payment  of  amount  equal  to  a  quarter  of  a  year's 
salary. 

Members  contribute  1^  per  centum  of  salary,  and  Railway 
Company  contributes  like  amount. 


Investment. 


Receipts. 


Railway  Company  takes  charge  of  funds,  and  pays  3£ 
per  centum  per  annum  interest,  calculated  half-yearly. 

Receipts  since  institution,  October  1,  1900,  to  September 
30,  1903,  £91,921  Is.  Od.  Receipts  during  year  ended  Sep- 
tember 30,  1903,  £25,058  14s.  3d. 


Disbursements. 


Balance. 
Membership. 


Disbursements    since    institution,    about   £4,767.      Dis- 
bursements during  year  1903,  about  £2,060. 

Amount  standing  to  credit  of  4,810  members,  September 
30,  1903,  £70,706  2s.  6d. 


London  &  South  Western  Railway. 

(1,009  miles;  25,000  employes.) 


Inauguration — A. 


A. — London  &  South  Western  Railway  Pension   Fund, 
established  January  1,  1890. 


Retirement  age. 


Retirement  at  age  60,  with  not  less  than  25  years'  service. 


Allowance  basis. 


Allowances  are  granted  according  to  following  scale : 

If  60  years  of  age.  average  weekly  wages  during  last  10  years 

will  be  divided  into 70  parts. 

If  61  years  of  age  this  division  will  be  into..— 69 

If  62  "  "         "  "         "  68 

If  63  "  "         "  "         "  67 

If  64  "  "         "  "         "  66 

If  65  ■  "         "  "         "  65 


174 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Minimum  and  maximum 
allowances. 


Financing. 


Inauguration — B. 


Participants. 


Contributions  and  benefits. 


Each  of  above-mentioned  parts  is  multiplied  by  number 
of  years'  service  of  man  to  be  retired,  and  amount  so  ascer- 
tained is  divided  into  two  equal  shares,  one  of  which  repre- 
sents the  weekly  allowance  to  be  granted  by  Company,  and 
the  other  is  left  to  the  man  to  provide  through  any 
Friendly  Society  or  Benefit  Club  to  which  he  may  belong, 
or  by  a  separate  Superannuation  Fund  to  be  established 
among  the  men,  or  by  any  other  means  which  they  may 
decide  upon  among  themselves. 

Minimum  and  maximum  allowances  granted  by  Com- 
pany are  as  follows : 


60, 

not  less  than  5s.  Od. 

nor  more 

than  15s.  Od.  per  we 

61, 

5s.  4d. 

" 

16s.  2d. 

62, 

5s.  8d. 

u 

17s.  4d. 

63, 

6s.  Od. 

(I 

ISs.  6d. 

64, 

6s.  6d. 

" 

19s.  8d. 

65, 

7d.  Od. 

a 

21s.  Od.            " 

Financed  wholly  by  Railway  Company,  members  making 
no  payments. 

B. — London  &  South  Western  Railway  Employes'  Sup- 
plementary Pension  Society,  established  May  1,  1903,  is  con- 
ducted by  the  employes  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  the 
allowances  under  the  above-described  Company  pension 
scheme. 

For  period  of  13  months  from  date  of  establishment 
employes  between  ages  18  and  55  years  were  eligible  to 
membership;  but  at  expiration  of  that  period  maximum 
admission  age  is  fixed  at  age  40  years. 

Following  is  scale  of  minimum  and  maximum  contribu- 
tions and  benefits  for  ages  18  and  55  years,  intervening 
ages  contributing  and  benefiting  on  a  graduated  ascend- 
ing scale : 


Weekly  Contributions 

Age  Next 
Birthday 

A  Class 

5s.  per  week 

at  60 

B  Class             C  Class 

5s.  per  week    2s.  6d.  per  week 

at  65                    at  60 

D  Class 

2s.  6d.  per  week 

at  65 

18 

4d. 

Hid. 

2s.  4d. 

2fd. 
9d. 

2s.  4d. 

2d. 

5fd. 

Is.  2d. 

lid. 

4*d. 
Is   2d. 

40 

*55 

*  Any  person  over  50  when  joining   must  have  contributed  for  10  consecutive 
years  before  becoming  entitled  to  pension. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


175 


Change  of  class. 


Member  under  age  50  may  contribute  for  additional 
benefit  to  extent  of  10s.  per  week  in  all.  For  example: 
Member  who  joined  at  20  and  has  paid  4£d.  weekly  under 
Class  A  to  secure  5s.  per  week  at  60,  may,  at  32,  change 
to  secure  7s.  6d.  per  week  by  paying  8|d.  weekly,  i.  e.,  by 
the  addition  of  the  weekly  contribution  in  respect  of  Class  C 
according  to  that  age,  or  similarly  10s.  weekly  by  paying 
in  addition  two  such  weekly  contributions. 


Death  before  pension. 


When   member   dies   before   being   entitled   to    pension, 
whole  of  his  contributions  paid  to  his  proper  representative. 


Withdrawal  of  members. 


Member  withdrawing  from  Society  receives  back  his 
contributions  subject  to  following  deductions :  If  a  member 
for  less  than  five  years,  whole  of  his  contributions,  less  a 
deduction  of  10  per  centum;  if  a  member  for  more  than 
five  years,  whole  of  his  contributions. 


Members  discharged  from 
or  leaving  service. 


Member  discharged  from  or  leaving  Company's  service 
from  any  cause  before  reaching  age  at  which  pension 
becomes  payable  is  deemed  to  have  withdrawn  from 
Society,  and  receives  back  whole  of  his  contributions. 


Inauguration — C. 


C. — London  &  South  Western  Railway  Company's 
Engine  Drivers  and  Firemen's  Pension  Fund,  established 
in  January,  1903. 


Contribution  and  benefits. 


Contributions  range  from  under  age  23,  at  6d.  per  week, 
to  under  age  30,  at  Is.  2d.  per  week. 


Must  belong  to  Company 
Fund. 


Pensions  do  not  become  payable  to  members  until  they 
have  been  placed  on  the  Company's  Pension  Fund  {vide 
supra,  "A"). 

Contributions,  with  interest  thereon,  accumulate  until 
such  time  as  income  arising  therefrom  is  sufficient  to  pro- 
vide pensions  at  rate  of  8s.  per  capita  per  week. 


176 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Inaugurated. 


Service  ages. 


Allowance. 


Disbursements. 


North  British  Railway. 

(1,442  miles;  22,000  employes.) 

Pension  provision  in  connection  with  the  North  British 
Railway  Insurance  Society,  established  March  1,  1882,  vide 
supra. 

Maximum  age  for  admission  to  service,  for  weekly  wage 
servants  without  previous  railway  experience,  30  years ; 
with  previous  railway  experience,  35  years;  salaried  ser- 
vants, no  age  limit — usually  join  service  as  boys  about 
ages  14  or  15  years. 

The  allowance  was  increased  from  5s.  to  10s.  per  week 
on  March  1,  1885. 

Expenditure  for  pensions  since  inauguration,  ,£50,662 
15s.  8d. 


Number  pensioners. 


Pensioners  at  end  of  1903,  223. 


Proposed  scheme. 
Present  practice. 


Inauguration. 


Company  scheme. 


Retirement  age. 


North  Eastern  Railway. 

(1,669.5  miles;  51,356  employes.*) 

(♦Number  of  employes  as  of  December  31,  1902.) 

Pension  scheme  now  under  consideration  by  Company. 
Present  practice  is  to  grant  to  employes,  other  than  mem- 
bers of  Superannuation  Fund,  60  years  of  age  and  over, 
who  leave  the  service,  pensions  varying  according  to  length 
of  service,  ranging  from  4s.  to  6s.  per  week. 

Tafj  Vale  Railway. 

(124.25  miles;  4,386  employes.) 

Pension  scheme  established  January  1,  1893.  Similar 
to  London  &  South  Western  Railway  Pension  Fund  (vide 
supra,  p.  173). 

Allowances  extended  without  cost  to  employes,  Railway 
bearing  entire  expense. 

Retirement  at  age  60  years,  with  not  less  than  25  years' 
service. 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


177 


Basis  of  computation. 


Allowances. 


Basis  of  computation  is  parts  of  wages  received  during 
the  10  years  next  preceding  retirement.  These  parts, 
operating  on  an  ascending  one-part  scale  from  60  years  of 
age  upward  to  65,  being  at  60  years  70  parts,  and  at  65 
years  65  parts. 

Minimum  allowance,  at  age  60,  not  less  than  4s.  Od.  nor 
more  than  14s.  Od.  per  week;  and  maximum,  at  age  65,  not 
less  than  6s.  Od.  nor  more  than  20s.  Od.  per  week. 


Asia. 


Asia. 

Eastern  Bengal  State  Railway  System. 

(1,003  miles.) 


Service  classification. 


Pension  nomenclature. 


Different  classes  of  service  are :  A — Permanent  pension- 
able; B — Permanent  non-pensionable;  C — Temporary; 
D — Special  service. 

Men  belonging  to  pensionable  service  are  eligible  for 
pension  under  rules  in  Civil  Service  regulations,  the  pension 
nomenclature  being: 


a. — For  Superior  service:  Compensation,  Invalid, 
Superannuation,  and  Retiring  Pension. 

b. — For  Inferior  service:  Compensation  and  Invalid 
Pension. 


Pension  after 
10  years'  sen-ice. 


Allowance. 


Service  before  20  years  of  age  does  not  count,  and  for  less 
than  10  years'  service  pension  allowance  is  not  admissible. 

Allowance  is  one-sixtieth  of  average  salary  for  each  year 
after  10  years'  service.     Allowance  guaranteed  by  the  State. 


General. 


Number  members. 


Oudh  &  Rohilkhand  Railway. 

(1,203  miles;  19,039  employes.) 

Pension  scheme  similar  to  that  obtaining  with  Eastern 
Bengal  State  Railway  (vide  supra). 

Subscribers  to  the  Fund   2,640. 


178 


Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 


Africa. 


Inauguration. 


Gratuities. 


Basis  of  computation. 


Participants  and  age  limit. 


Membership  age. 
Contributions. 

Widows'  Pension  Fund. 


Africa. 

Cape  Government  Railways. 

(2,325  miles.) 

Pension,  superannuation,  allowances,  and  gratuities, 
granted  under  Civil  Service  and  Pension  Fund  Act  promul- 
gated August  6,  1895. 

Service  one  (1)  year  and  less  than  10  entitles  to  gratuity 
not  exceeding  amount  arrived  at  by  allowing  a  month's 
salary  and  emoluments  or  wages  for  each  year  of  service; 
10  years,  an  annual  allowance  of  ten-sixtieths  of  such  salary 
and  emoluments;  and  in  like  manner  a  further  increase  of 
annual  allowance,  at  rate  of  one  sixtieth,  for  each  additional 
year  up  to  40  years'  service. 

Civil  Service  employes  at  age  60,  and  telegraphers, 
engine  drivers,  firemen,  guards,  and  shunters  at  age  50,  may 
be  retired  on  pension  allowance  based  on  past  service,  such 
service  to  be  continuous  and  not  include  that  rendered 
while  under  age  17. 

Minimum  membership  age,  17  years;  maximum,  40  years. 

Contributions,  deducted  on  pay-sheets,  at  rate  of  3  per 

centum  per  annum. 

Employes  with  salaries  of  ,£100  per  annum  and  over 
contribute  to  the  Widows'  Pension  Fund,  at  rate  of  one  (1) 
per  centum  on  salary  and  emoluments  or  wages. 


Australasia. 


Proposed  scheme. 


Australasia. 

New  South  Wales  Government  Railways. 

(3,042.5  miles;  14,313  employes.) 

A  liberal  pension  and  provident  scheme  was  propounded 
by  State  Board  of  Commissioners  in  1890;  the  staff,  how- 
ever, did  not  then  appreciate  the  matter,  but  within  the 
past  year  the  employes  have  revived  the  question,  and 
appear  anxious  to  promote  such  a  fund  by  their  own  con- 
tributions subsidized  by  the  Railway  Commissioners. 


C. — Superannuation  Provision. 


America. 


United  States. 


Pennsylvania  System. 


Origin  of  fund. 


Provides  for  refund. 


Allowance  basis 


United  States. 

Pennsylvania  System  East  and  West  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

(10,913.89  miles;  172,024  employes.) 

A  plan  comprehending  the  institution  of  a  fund  from  which 
to  make  payments  to  members  of  the  Relief  Department  of 
Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh,  as  a  superannuation  allowance,  in 
the  event  of  their  retirement  from  the  service,  on  account  of 
advanced  age  or  permanent  incapacitation,  was  under  con- 
sideration long  before  the  prosecution  of  investigations 
looking  to  the  establishment  of  a  general  pensioning  feature 
for  all  aged  employes  regardless  of  membership  in  the  Relief 
Department.  Consummation  of  the  plan  was,  however, 
precluded  by  the  circumstance  that  the  accrued  interest  on 
Relief  Fund  money,  set  aside  under  Relief  Fund  regulations 
for  superannuation  purposes,  was  inadequate  to  furnish  to 
retired  employes,  members  of  the  fund,  an  income  sufficient 
for  their  maintenance  without  other  financial  aid.  The 
creation  of  the  Pension  feature  precipitated  formation  of 
the  Superannuation  Fund,  and  it  was  decided  that  when 
members  of  the  Relief  Fund  were  retired  from  active  service, 
it  would  be  proper  to  return  to  them,  monthly,  during 
active  retirement  period,  a  proportion  of  the  interest  on  the 
surplus,  based  on  their  relative  contributions.  The  Relief 
Fund  regulations  prescribe  that  the  superannuation  allow- 
ance shall  be  determined  by  multiplying  the  number  of  each 
class  in  which  an  employe  has  been  a  member  by  the  number 
of  full  calendar  months  in  each  class,  respectively,  and  adding 
the  results;  the  sum  thus  obtained  being  the  rate,  in  cents, 
of  the  monthly  allowance.  Illustration:  Assuming  that 
an  employe  has  during  20  full  years,  or  240  months, 
received  $40  a  month  as  wages,  and  during  that  time  was 
as  a  member  of  Relief  Fund  2nd  class  (vide  supra,  Relief 
Department,  Pennsylvania  Railroad),  and  that  he  has  sub- 
sequently received  $60  a  month,  3rd  class,  for  15  full  years, 
(179) 


180 


Superannuation  Provision. 


or  180  calendar  months,  then  his  monthly  superannuation 
allowance  would  be  twice  240  plus  three  times  180,  or 
$10.20.  The  payment  of  allowances  at  this  rate  is,  how- 
ever, conditioned  upon  the  size  of  the  fund  set  aside  for  the 
purpose,  as  in  the  event  of  such  fund  being  found  inade- 
quate during  any  annual  or  semi-annual  period  to  meet 
allowance  demands,  provision  is  made  for  a  pro  rata  reduc- 
tion in  allowances  for  such  periods. 


Revised  plan  of  January 
1,  1904. 


The  plan  of  payment  of  superannuation  allowance 
originally  involved  that  the  interest  accrued  upon  the 
investments  of  the  Relief  Fund  should  be  used  for  the 
purpose.  Four  years'  operation  under  this  plan  demon- 
strated that  the  interest  accruing  from  the  surplus  was 
inadequate  to  meet  the  demand,  whereupon  the  Company, 
preferably  to  making  a  reduction  in  basis  for  the  payment 
of  superannuation  allowances,  caused  the  Relief  Depart- 
ment regulations  to  be  amended,  as  of  January  1,  1904, 
to  provide  that,  in  addition  to  the  interest  derived  from 
the  investment  of  the  Surplus  Fund,  at  the  end  of  each 
three-year  period,  the  money  not  used  to  meet  the  liabilities 
of  the  former  periods  will  be  applied  directly  to  the  pay- 
ment of  superannuation  allowances  instead  of  being  trans- 
ferred to  and  becoming  a  part  of  the  Surplus  Fund ;  and  if 
at  the  end  of  the  next  subsequent  three-year  period  there 
should  be  a  balance  in  the  Superannuation  Fund,  it  is  to  be 
transferred  to  and  become  a  part  of  the  Surplus  Fund.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  Company  at  the  present  time  holds 
itself  responsible  to  pay  any  deficiencies  in  the  superannua- 
tion allowances  up  to  January  1,  1907. 


Retention  of  death  benefits. 


Retired  employes  receiving  superannuation  allowance 
are  permitted,  upon  paying  the  proper  rate  of  contribu- 
tion, to  retain  title  to  death  benefits  in  the  Relief  Fund. 


Represents  additional 
pension  allowance. 


As  will  be  perceived  from  what  is  herein  observed  on  this 
feature,  it  is  practically  an  additional  pension  allowance. 
The  "Relief  Fund  Surplus"  is  the  nucleus  of  the  provision, 
and  the  accrued  interest  on  this  "surplus"  is  the  basis  for 


Superannuation  Provision. 


181 


calculating  allowances.  Only  through  Company  liberality 
in  assuming  responsibility  for  and  meeting  Relief  Fund 
deficiencies  is  such  "surplus"  made  possible  and  maintain- 
able, thus  constituting  Company  contributions  equivalent 
to  direct  and  exclusive  drains  upon  its  own  revenue  arising 
from  railway  operation. 


Administration. 


Fund  is  conducted  as  a  part  of  and  in  connection  with  the 
Relief  Department,  and  results  of  operations  are  incorporated 
in  the  Company's  annual  report  to  its  stockholders. 


Surplus  for  Lines  East. 


Lines  East: 

As  a  result  of  contributions  by  members  and  benefits 
paid  them,  during  the  several  three-year  periods  since  1886, 
a  surplus  of  $751,256.25  has  been  accumulated. 


Results  of  three 
years'  operation. 


Number  members. 


Result  of  four  years'  operations  of  the  superannuation 
feature  was,  interest  $148,672.23,  received  as  returns  on 
investment  of  the  above-mentioned  Surplus  Fund.  From 
this  accrued  interest,  which  forms  the  Superannuation  Fund, 
there  was  paid  to  1,408  retired  members  (376  of  whom  are 
deceased),  identified  with  the  Relief  Fund,  the  sum  of 
$148,662.15. 


Annual  expenditure.  Expenditure    for    superannuation    allowances    in    1903 

amounted  to  $43,875.12. 


Inauguration. 


Lines  East  and  West: 

Plan  for  payment  of  superannuation  allowances  for  the 
Lines  East  became  effective  simultaneously  with  that  for 
the  pension  feature,  January  1  1900;  that  for  the  Lines 
West,  although  contemplated  by  express  provision,  is  not 
operative,  owing  to  absence  of  desired  surplus  from  Relief 
Fund  operations. 


182 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Canada. 


Canada. 


Grand  Trunk  Railway  System. 

(4,176  miles;  27,520  employes.) 


Inauguration. 


Company  conducts  the  "Grand  Trunk  Railway  of  Canada 
Superannuation  and  Provident  Fund  Association,"  for  em- 
ployes of  its  lines  east  of  the  Detroit  and  St.  Clair  Rivers, 
established  in  October.  1874. 


Compulsory. 


Membership  compulsory  from  and  after  October  1,  1874, 
except  for  employes  receiving  less  than  $400  per  annum 
salary. 


Retirement  age. 


Participants. 


Retirement  at  age  55,  or  at  earlier  age  in  event  of  per- 
manent incapacitation.  Superannuation  scheme  applies 
only  to  clerical  or  in-door  staff,  the  out-door  employes, 
such  as  firemen,  brakemen,  etc.,  being  insured  against 
accident,  sickness,  and  death.  Retirement  not  compulsory 
while  employe  renders  efficient  service. 


Admission  age. 


Maximum  membership  admission  age,  37  years. 


Allowances. 


Retirement  at  age  55  entitles  to  allowance,  consisting 
of  one-sixtieth  of  retiring  pay  for  each  year  of  Fund  mem- 
bership, with  a  maximum  of  two-thirds  of  average  annual 
pay  during  whole  period  of  membership. 


Allowance  for 
incapacitation. 


Members  who  have  contributed  to  Fund  for  not  less 
than  ten  years,  who  become  incapacitated  for  service,  may 
retire  and  receive  such  retirement  allowance  as  Committee 
of  Management  may  determine. 


Death  before 
superannuation. 


When  member  dies  before  receiving  superannuation 
allowance,  the  Committee  of  Management  may  pay  to  his 
dependents  a  sum  equal  to  amount  of  his  contributions  up 
to  time  of  his  death. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


183 


Leaving  service. 


Member  leaving  service  of  Company  after  five  years'  Asso- 
ciation membership  may  have  returned  to  him  one-half 
his  contributions ;  after  ten  years'  membership,  whole  of 
his  contributions;  and  upon  leaving  service,  owing  to  dis- 
ability, before  the  end  of  five  years,  an  amount  not  exceeding 
one-half  his  contributions. 


Financing. 


Employes  contribute  2h  per  centum  of  their  salaries,  with 
contribution  of  like  aggregate  sum  by  Company ;  and  latter 
also  makes  an  additional  contribution  of  one-half  of  members' 
contribution  to  make  up  Fund  deficiencies,  when  necessary. 


Number  members. 


Number  of  members,  1,350. 


Great  Britain. 


"Superannuation"  defined. 


Participants. 


"Superannuation,"  as  its  derivation — "super,"  above 
and  "annus,"  a  year — indicates,  implies  an  age  over  and 
beyond  what  is  agreed  upon  or  accepted  as  the  normal  or 
proper  age  for  continuance  of  human  effort  toward  acquiring 
a  livelihood  in  ordinary  lines  of  employment.  From  a 
transportation  point  of  view,  superannuation  finds  its 
fullest  and  highest  expression  and  observance  with  the 
English  railways.  In  Great  Britain  the  term  "superannua- 
tion" is  distinguished  from  the  term  "pension"  in  practical 
application,  whereas  in  the  United  States  there  is  purely  a 
nominal  distinction.  The  English  superannuation  fund  has 
for  its  membership  the  "salaried  officer  and  in-door  staff," 
as  a  rule,  and,  in  that  light,  embraces  only  such  employes 
as  are  remunerated  by  an  annual  salary,  whether  paid 
yearly,  half-yearly,  quarterly,  monthly,  weekly,  or  other- 
wise, in  contradistinction  to  weekly-wage  or  other  form  of 
remuneration  than  annual  salary. 


Basis  of  formation 
of  scheme. 


The  formation  of  superannuation  funds  is  usually  pro- 
vided by  Parliamentary  enactment  under  what  are  styled 
"General  Powers  Acts"  pertaining  to  interested  railways. 


184 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Financing. 


Retirement  age. 


Refunds. 


Commutation. 


Membership  age. 


Administration. 


Annual  report. 


Audit. 


Actuarial  examination. 


Financing  of  the  funds  is  on  uniform  lines,  consisting  for 
the  most  part  of  prescribed  membership  payments,  usually 
2h  per  centum,  on  salaries,  with  a  corresponding  aggregate 
subscription  by  the  railways,  with  interest  on  surplus  placed 
in  charge  of  the  railway  concerned,  or  otherwise  invested. 

Retirement  takes  place  at  ages  60  to  65  years,  regularly, 
with  anywhere  from  10  to  30  years'  service  or  membership; 
and  also  upon  permanent  incapacitation,  before  reaching 
those  ages,  with  10  or  more  years'  service  or  membership. 

Refunds,  on  a  common  basis,  are  provided  in  event  of 
death  either  previous  to  or  while  enjoying  pension  benefits. 

Commutation  of  allowance,  by  payment  of  a  lump  sum 
in  lieu  thereof,  obtains. 

Minimum  and  maximum  membership  ages  range  from  20 
to  45  years. 

Funds  are  usually  under  supervision  of  a  Committee  of 
Management,  composed  of  company  officers  and  member- 
ship representatives,  whose  Secretary  or  Treasurer,  accord- 
ing to  inclination  expressed,  prepares  annually  or  semi- 
annually a  report  entitled  "Annual  Returns,"  which  com- 
prehends a  Statement  of  Accounts,  a  General  Balance  Sheet, 
and  general  abstract  of  fund  operations;  this  periodical 
presentation  being  the  basis  for  determining  fund  condition ; 
and  it  is  generally  audited,  by  specially  selected  audi- 
tors, who  are  privileged  to  make  supplemental  report 
thereon.  Once  in  each  quinquennial  period  actuarial 
examination  is  made  of  fund  operations,  the  results  being 
submitted  in  report,  together  with  any  recommendations 
deemed  advisable,  looking  to  modification  of  prevailing  plan 
of  conduct  of  the  fund. 

To  indulge  in  extended  detailed  recital  for  each  of  the 
funds  reported  for  presentation  to  the  Congress  would  be 
manifestly  supererogatory,  and  such  course  will  be  accord- 
ingly eschewed,  only  such  salient  facts  being  recounted  as 
may  be  deemed  essential. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


185 


Railway  Clearing  System 
Superannuation  Fund 
Corporation. 


Fumes s  Railway. 

(117.25  miles;  2,369  employes.) 

The  Company  does  not  conduct  a  distinctive  Superan- 
nuation Fund  for  its  employes,  but  since  January  1,  1896, 
has  been  associated  with  the  Railway  Clearing  System 
Superannuation  Fund  Corporation  {vide  pp.  297,  298,  299), 
in  which  Association  its  representation  stood  at  270  mem- 
bers on  September  30,  1903. 


Special  arrangement,  The  Company  does,  however,  make  special  superannua- 

tion provision,  along  distinctive  lines,  through  an  arrange- 
ment, inaugurated  August  27,  1899,  which  bears  no  relation 
to  any  other  provident  feature  in  which  it  is  interested. 


Objects. 


Object  is  to  provide  for  old  servants  who  may  no  longer 
be  able  to  render  efficient  service. 


No  fixed  rules. 


There  are  no  rules  or  regulations,  but  the  plan  is  conducted 
wholly  by  the  Railway  Company,  there  being  no  con- 
tributions by  prospective  beneficiaries. 


Basis  for  arrangement. 


The  arrangement  was  made  for  the  benefit  of  artisans, 
guards,  porters,  laborers,  and  others  who  by  the  nature 
of  their  employment  are  not  eligible  for  admission  as 
members  of  the  Railway  Clearing  System  Superannuation 
Fund  Corporation.  It  enables  the  administration  to 
renew  the  staff  without  hardship  to  old  men. 


Retirement  conditions. 


Retirement  conditions  are  as  follows:  On  reaching  age 
65,  or  becoming  physically  incapacitated  at  an  earlier  age, 
the  arrangement  becomes  operative. 

Retirement  is  not  compulsory  at  age  65,  but  if  it  is 
thought  desirable,  owing  to  partial  inefficiency  or  other- 
wise, a  workman  may  be  called  upon  to  retire,  and  if  of 
good  conduct  is  granted  a  gratuity. 


Maximum  allowance. 


Maximum  allowance,  ,£50;  minimum,  £\b. 


186 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Allowance  scale. 


Retiring  age. 


Disbursements. 


Allowances  are  made  on  following  basis: 


Service 

Gratuity 

10  to  20  years 

20  to  25  years. 

25  to  30  years. 

30  to  40  years 

40  to  50  years 

50  years  and  upwards.... 

3    months'  pay. 
4£  months'  pay. 
6    months'  pay. 
1\  months'  pay. 
9    months'  pay. 
1    year's  pay. 

Average  retirement  age,  68  years. 

Total  disbursements  for  allowances  amount  to  .£2,230,  a 
per  capita  average  of  £40,  all  allowances  being  drawn 
entirely  from  the  Company's  general  revenue  resources. 


Clearing  House  Fund. 


Great  Central  Railway. 

(468  miles;  20,181  employes.) 

Represented  in  the  Railway  Clearing  System  Superan- 
nuation Fund  Corporation  {vide  pp.  297,  298,  299). 


Inauguration. 


Great  Eastern  Railway. 

(1,182.5  miles.) 

Operates  a  "New  Superannuation  Fund,"  established 
January  1,  1898,  being  a  rehabilitation  of  the  "Old  Superan- 
nuation Scheme"  and  "Old  Superannuation  Fund," 
respectively,  created  under  Act  of  1878,  and  abolished  from 
and  after  December  31,  1897. 


Financing. 


Deficits. 


Cost  of  management  based  on  membership  payments, 
the  Company,  however,  guaranteeing  that  where  dividends 
and  interest  of  Fund  in  any  year,  added  to  suplus  in  reserve 
fund,  prove  insufficient  to  provide  liquidation  of  yearly 
allowances,  it  will  make  up  deficiency  out  of  its  revenue, 
subject  to  reimbursement  from  future  Fund  surplus. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


187 


Allowances. 


Computation. 


Minimum  allowance,  £30;  maximum  not  to  exceed  two- 
thirds  of  average  salary  during  the  seven  years  preceding 
retirement. 

Computation  of  allowance  made  on  basis  of  fiftieth  parts 
of  average  salary. 


Inauguration. 


Fund  division. 


"  1  "  contribution. 


Retirement  provision. 


Allowance. 


Great  Northern  Railway. 

(939  miles.) 

"Great  Northern  Railway  Superannuation  Fund," 
established  in  June,  1874,  under  Great  Northern  Railway 
(Various  Powers)  Act,  1872,  and  the  same  Company's 
(Further  Powers)  Act,  1874,  and  included  by  transfer 
,£16,000  representing  annual  contributions  and  interest 
thereon  from  and  after  1852  of  the  Great  Northern  Provi- 
dent Fund. 

Fund  consists  of  two  classes  of  members :  "  1 " — Employes 
receiving  ,£80  per  annum  and  upwards;  and  "2" — Employes 
receiving  less  than  ,£80  per  annum. 

Class  1. — Contribution  2h  per  centum  on  salaries,  with 
like  Company  subscription. 

For  retirement  allowance  purposes  Class  1  is  subdivided 
into  two  series,  viz.: 

Series  "A,"  or  members  who  joined  the  Fund  up  to 
and  including  January  1,  1886;  and 

Series  "B,"  or  members  who  joined  the  Fund  after 
January  1,  1886. 

Retirement  at  age  60  with  10  years'  membership,  in  Series 

A,  and  at  same  age  with  like  years  of  membership  in  Series 

B,  entitles  member  to  respectively  one-fiftieth  and  one- 
sixtieth  of  average  salary  from  date  of  first  actual  or 
assumed  contribution  to  Fund  for  each  completed  year  of 
membership;  minimum  and  maximum  allowances  being 
respectively  20  and  66f  per  centum  of  average  salary, 
maximum  not  to  exceed,  however,  ,£1,000  a  year. 


188 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Retirement  after  25  and 
30  years'  membership. 


Disablement  before  10 
years'  membership. 


Death  before  10  years' 
membership. 


Death  before 
superannuation. 


Death  after 
superannuation . 


Voluntary  retirement 
from  service. 


Allowance  on  dismissal 
by  Company. 


Retirement  at  age  60,  with  Fund  membership : 
In  Series  "A"  25  years,  and 
In  Series  "B"  30  years, 
entitles  member  to  allowance  of  not  less  than  half  his  actual 
salary  at  date  of  retirement. 

Where  member,  through  failing  health,  is  obliged  to 
leave  service  before  10  years'  membership  in  Fund,  he 
receives  back  whole  of  contributions  paid  by  him,  together 
with  simple  interest  thereon  at  rate  of  4  per  centum  per 
annum;  and  after  10  or  more  years'  membership,  and  before 
reaching  age  60,  he  receives  superannuation  allowance  in 
proportion  to  period  during  which  he  contributed,  not  to 
exceed  ,£500  a  year. 

Where  member  dies  before  10  years'  Fund  membership, 
his  representative  receives  whole  of  contributions  paid 
by  him,  together  with  amount  paid  by  Company  in  addition 
thereto,  but  without  interest. 

Where  member  dies  after  contributing  10  years,  and 
before  being  superannuated,  his  proper  representative 
receives  whole  of  contributions  paid  by  him,  together  with 
amount  paid  by  Company  in  addition  thereto. 

Where  member  dies  after  retirement  on  superannuation 
allowance,  but  before  he  receives  a  sum  equal  to  whole  of 
his  own  contributions,  plus  Company's  contribution  on 
his  behalf,  his  proper  representative  receives  a  sum  equal 
to  difference  between  the  total  of  such  contributions  and 
the  amount  of  superannuation  allowance  paid  to  such 
member  up  to  date  of  his  death. 

Where  member  voluntarily  retires  from  the  service  before 
time  for  receiving  superannuation  allowance,  he  receives 
back  whole  of  contributions  paid  by  him,  without  interest. 

Where  member  is  dismissed  from  the  service  before  time 
for  receiving  superannuation  allowance  (except  in  case  of 
misconduct),  he  receives  back  whole  of  contributions  paid 
by  him,  without  interest. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


189 


"  2"  contribution. 
Participants. 


Class  2. — Contribution  1  per  centum  on  salaries,  with  like 
Company  subscription.  Class  composed  of  station  masters, 
booking  clerks,  inspectors,  ticket  collectors,  guards,  foremen, 
shunters,  draymen,  policemen,  signalmen,  inspectors  of  way 
and  works,  timekeepers,  locomotive  and  carriage  foremen, 
engine  drivers,  firemen,  porters,  and  platelayers. 


Contributions  and 
benefits. 


Effective  July  1,  1901,  under  approval  of  Directors  of 
Company,  servants  joining  Class  2  in  receipt  of  salary  or 
wages  less  than  ,£80  per  annum,  are  enabled  to  receive  on 
retirement  a  pension  instead  of  a  gross  payment,  the  rate 
of  contribution  and  benefit  allowances  being  in  accordance 
with  following  scales: 

Scale  op  Contributions. 


Age  at  Entry 


Contribution  by  Member 
per  week 


Under  20. 

20  and  under  25- 
25  and  under  30- 
30  and  under  35- 


3|d. 
4id. 
6  d. 
9  d. 


Contribution  by  Company 
per  week 


3id. 

4}d. 
6  d. 
9  d. 


Scale  op  Benefits. 


Conditions 


Payment  to  Member  or  his  Representative 


Retirement  at  60  years  of 
age,  or  upwards 

At  death  before  super- 
annuation..-.  

At  death  after  superannu- 
ation   

On  voluntary  retirement, 
or  on  notice  from  Com- 
pany..  

On  failing  health  before 
age  60 - 


At  age  60 7s.  Od.  per  week. 

"      61 7s.  6d. 

"      62 8s.  Od. 

"      63 8s.  6d. 

"      64 9s.  Od. 

"      65  and  upwards.  10s.  Od.        " 

Double  own  contributions. 

Amount  of  excess,  if  any,  of  double  own 
contributions  over  amount  actually 
paid  out  to  member  as  pension. 

Own  contributions  only. 

If  less  than  10  years'  membership,  own 
contributions  plus  4  per  centum  simple 
interest;  if  more  than  10  years',  a  pen- 
sion of  5s.  per  week. 


190 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Two  schemes. 


Inauguration. 


Great  Western  Railway. 

(2,711  miles;  64,699  employes.) 

Operates  two  schemes,  one  the  "Great  Western  Railway 
Superannuation  Fund,"  established  February  1,  1865,  for 
officers  and  clerks,  hereinafter  styled  "Fund  A,"  and  the 
other  the  "Great  Western  Railway  En^inemen  and  Fire- 
men's Mutual  Assurance  Sick  and  Superannuation  Society," 
established  in  January,  1865,  for  enginemen  and  firemen, 
hereinafter  designated  "Fund  B." 


Fund  'A." 


Fund  A. 


Membership  age. 
Contributions. 

Allowances. 


Maximum  age  for  admission  to  Fund  benefits,  40  years. 

Members  contribute  2\  per  centum  of  salary,  with  like 
Company  subscription. 

Allowances,  on  scale  of  graduated  percentage,  ranging 
from  minimum,  for  10  years'  membership,  of  25  per  centum 
of  average  salary,  to  108  per  centum  for  45  years'  member- 
ship. In  arriving  at  an  average  salary  ,£60  per  annum  is 
reckoned  as  the  minimum,  salary  received.  No  allowance 
less  than  ,£30. 

Table. 


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S2S 

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IP    11   J! 

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s 

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g 

ftftj: 

5.2  * 

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cfl.201 

10 

25 

19 

43 

28 

65 

37 

87*, 

11 

27 

20 

45 

29 

67* 

38 

90 

12 

29 

21 

47* 

30 

70 

39 

92*, 

13 

31 

22 

50 

31 

72*, 

40 

95 

14 

33 

23 

52*, 

32 

75 

41 

97£ 

15 

35 

24 

55 

33 

77* 

42 

100 

16 

37 

25 

57*, 

34 

80 

43 

102*, 

17 

39 

26 

60 

35 

82*, 

44 

105 

18 

41 

27 

62*, 

36 

85 

45 

108 

Superannuation  Provision. 


191 


Addition  of  years  to 
membership. 


Salaried  officers  and  clerks,  in  good  physical  condition, 
were,  prior  to  June  30,  1866,  given  the  privilege,  under 
prescribed  conditions,  of  having  an  agreed  number  of  years, 
specifically  agreed  upon,  added  to  their  membership;  such 
number  of  years  to  in  no  case  exceed  the  number  of  years 
they  actually  served  the  Company;  and  thereafter  they 
were  called  upon  to  pay  2\  per  centum  on  their  actual 
salaries  for  such  a  number  of  years  then  following  as  would 
equal  the  number  of  years  added  over  and  above  the  2\  per 
centum  above  provided. 


Admission  over  age  40. 


Where  40  years  of  age  or  upwards  at  time  of  admission 
to  membership,  before  February  1,  1865,  privilege  extended 
at  any  time  previous  to  July  1,  1883,  where  under  age  60, 
of  securing  regular  membership;  also  of  having  added  to 
membership  not  exceeding  the  number  of  years  in  service 
of  Company,  provided  payment  is  made  to  Fund  of  2\  per 
centum  on  salary  actually  received  during  years  so  added; 
such  person  not  being  eligible  for  superannuation,  except  in 
case  of  sickness  or  infirmity  of  body  or  mind,  until  after 
February  1,  1885. 


Death  of  member. 


Upon  death  of  member  before  receiving  superannuation 
allowance,  his  proper  representative  receives  from  Fund 
whole  of  his  contributions  up  to  time  of  death,  together 
with  contributions  by  Company  on  his  behalf. 


Death  of  member  before 
receiving  certain  sum. 


Upon  death  of  member  after  being  granted  superannua- 
tion allowance,  but  before  receiving  from  Fund  the  full 
amount  of  contributions  by  both  himself  and  the  Company 
on  his  behalf,  his  proper  representative  is  paid  the  differ- 
ence between  amount  so  received  by  him  and  the 
combined  contributions  by  himself  and  the  Company. 


Incapacitation  after  10 
years'  membership. 


Member  who,  after  10  years'  membership,  inclusive  of 
added  years,  and  although  under  age  60,  is  compelled, 
through  incapacitation  by  disablement,  to  leave  the  service, 
is  granted  superannuation  allowance. 


192 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Incapacitation  at  55 

but  under  60  years  of  age. 


Resignation  or  removal 
from  service  after  30 
years'  service. 


Member  leaving  service. 


Retiring  age. 
Operative  cost. 
Disbursements. 

Number  members. 
Fund"B." 
Membership  age. 


Contributions  and 
sick  benefits. 


Member  who,  after  attaining  age  55  but  under  age  60 
years,  obliged  to  leave  service  owing  to  disablement,  is 
granted  superannuation  allowance,  where  no  other  suitable 
position  in  service  can  be  found. 

Where  member  between  ages  50  and  60  years  is,  after 
expiration  of  30  years'  service  with  the  Company,  removed 
from  the  service  by  Company  Directors,  or  is  required  by 
them  to  resign  for  any  reason  other  than  misconduct,  he  is 
granted  superannuation  allowance. 

Where  member,  for  any  reason  other  than  misconduct, 
leaves  or  is  removed  from  service  of  Company  after  10 
years'  membership,  he  receives  back  whole  of  contributions 
to  Fund,  without  interest;  where  compelled  to  leave  service, 
through  disablement,  before  receiving  superannuation 
allowance,  he  receives  back  whole  of  contributions,  without 
interest,  and  Committee  of  Management  may  in  its  dis- 
cretion, allow  to  such  member  the  whole  or  any  part  of 
Company's  contributions  to  Fund  in  his  behalf. 

Average  age  of  retirement,  56  years. 

Cost  of  operation  since  institution,  ,£3,710  4s.  9d. 

Expenditure  for  allowances  since  inauguration,  ,£229,427 
or  an  average  per  capita  allowance  of  .£122. 

Members  January  31,  1904,  5,548. 

Fund  B. 

Minimum  and  maximum  ages  for  admission  to  member- 
ship are  respectively  18  and  35  years. 

Resident  members  contribute  to  the  funds  at  following 
rates : 

2nd  class Is.  4d.  per  week. 

1st  class.. 2s.  Od.  per  week. 

Non-resident  members  contribute  as  follows : 

2nd  class 2d.  per  week,  and 

1st  class ...3d.  per  week, 

in  addition  to  amounts  required  to  contribute  as  resident 
members.  Members  becoming  non-resident  while  in  2nd 
class  are  not  subsequently  allowed  to  join  1st  class. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


193 


Sick  benefits. 


Rates  of  Sick  Benefit  payable  are  as  follows: 

2nd  class 12s.  per  week. 

1st  class 14s.  per  week. 

Sundays  are  not  included  in  computation  of  sick  benefit. 
Benefits  not  payable  for  first  three  (3)  consecutive  days. 
Members  not  entitled  to  sick  benefit  until  expiration  of 
26  weeks  from  date  of  joining  the  Society,  nor  until  the 
entrance  fee  of  2s.  6d.  and  whole  of  his  contributions  for 
that  period  have  been  paid,  nor  will  a  member  receive  in- 
creased benefit  of  1st  class  until  he  has  been  a  member  of 
that  class  for  26  weeks;  except  in  case  of  incapacitation 
resulting  from  accident  while  on  duty,  when  he  receives 
sick  benefit  corresponding  with  his  class  at  time  of  the 
accident,  regardless  of  26  weeks'  membership  in  1st  class. 

Half  sick  benefit  rates  are  paid  after  expiration  of  first 
26  weeks,  during  remainder  of  illness : 

2nd  class. - 6s.  Od.  per  week. 

1st  class... 7s.  Od.  per  week. 


Sick  members' 
contributions. 


Contributions  due  from  members  receiving  full  sick  pay 
are  deducted  from  their  sick  benefits ;  but  in  case  of  mem- 
bers receiving  half  sick  pay  it  is  at  their  option  to  have  the 
contribution  deducted  from  the  benefit  or  allow  it  to 
accumulate  as  arrears  until  they  are  able  to  resume  work, 
and  in  the  event  of  death  while  contributions  are  in  arrear 
the  amount  in  arrear  is  deducted  from  assurance  payable. 


Leaving  service. 


Wife's  funeral  benefit. 


Member  leaving  service,  after  six  years'  Fund  membership, 
has  the  option  of  accepting  a  rebate  of  a  portion  of  amount 
standing  to  his  credit  on  the  Society's  books,  and  ceasing  to 
be  a  member,  or  of  becoming  a  non-resident  member;  if  a 
member  less  than  six  years  he  is  entitled  to  a  rebate,  but 
ceases  to  be  a  member,  and  has  no  further  claim  upon 
Society  funds. 

Wife's  funeral  benefit:  Upon  death  of  a  member's  wife 
he  receives  a  funeral  benefit  of  .£5. 


194 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Assurance. 


Assurance  payable  on 
death  or  superannuation. 


Superannuation. 


Commutation  of 
allowance. 


Widow's  allowance. 


Assurance : 

ist  Class.     2nd  Class. 

If  paid  to  member  on  superannuation ,£40         .£25 

If  paid  on  death  before  superannuation... .£60  ,£35 
Full   assurance   not   payable   for   less   than   two   years' 

membership;  for  not  less  than   12  months'   membership, 

assurance  of  .£10  payable. 

Assurance  is  payable  to  member  on  his  becoming  entitled 
to  superannuation ;  or  in  the  event  of  his  death  it  is  payable 
to  his  proper  representative,  unless  it  has  previously  been 
paid  to  the  member  himself  on  his  superannuation. 

Superannuation  allowance : 

1st   class 5s.  per  week. 

2nd  class 3s.  6d.  per  week. 

In  certain  special  cases  the  rates  of  superannuation  are 
increased  to: 

1st  class 10s.  net  per  week. 

2nd  class _ 6s.  2d.  net  per  week. 

The  General  Committee  has  power  to  negotiate  and 
agree  with  any  superannuated  member  for  the  payment 
to  him  of  a  sum  of  money  as  purchase-money  or  commuta- 
tion of  his  allowance. 

Widow  of  member  receives,  subject  to  prescribed  con- 
ditions, following  allowance  from  the  funds: 


Per  Week 


2nd  Class    ist  Class 


Where  husband  had  been  member  5  years  and  less 

than  10  years. 

Where  husband  had  been  member  10  to  20  years..— 

"       20  to  30      "    ..... 

"       over  30      "    ..... 

If  children  left  under  14  years  of  age,  an  allowance 

per  child  up  to  age  14  of 

Provided  that  in  no  case  shall  payment  to 
widow  (including  allowance  for  children) 
exceed. 


2s. 
3s. 
4s. 


6d. 
4s. 


3s. 
4s. 
5s. 
6s. 

Is. 


6s. 


These  allowances  may  be  commuted  by  payment  of  a 
lump  sum. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


195 


Receipts. 
Operative  cost. 
Expenditure. 

Number  members. 


Receipts  from  all  sources  during  year  1903,  ,£37,034. 

Cost  of  operation  since  institution,  .£9,662. 

Expenditure  for  allowances  since  inauguration,  .£99,932, 
or  an  average  per  capita  allowance  of  .£23.  Expenditure, 
for  all  expenses,  during  year  1903,  £23,039. 

Members  December  31,  1903,  6,013. 


Clearing  House  Fund. 


Lancashire,  Derbyshire  &  East  Coast  Railway. 

(60  miles;  614  employes.) 

Officers,  station  masters,  and  clerks  of  the  Railway' Com- 
pany are  members  of  the  Railway  Clearing  System  Super- 
annuation Fund  Corporation  (vide  infra,  pp.  297,  298,  299), 
the  number  represented  in  such  membership  having  been 
84  on  September  30,  1903. 


Inauguration. 


Objects. 


Contribution. 


Allowance. 


Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway. 

(572  miles;  35,250  employes.) 

Conducts  "Superannuation  Fund  Association  of  the  Lan- 
cashire &  Yorkshire  Railway  Company,"  established  in 
August,  1873. 

Objects  are  to  provide  allowances  for  officers,  clerks, 
station  masters,  inspectors,  and  such  officers  and  servants 
as  the  Committee  may  from  time  to  time  think  proper  to 
admit,  upon  attaining  60  years  of  age,  or  before  if  unfitted 
to  follow  their  employment,  provided  they  have  contributed 
to  the  Fund  10  years  and  upwards. 

Members  contribute  2\  per  centum  on  their  salaries,  with 
like  subscription  by  the  Company. 

Maximum  retirement  allowance  67  per  centum  plus  one- 
fourth  of  average  salary,  and  minimum  25  per  centum  plus 
one-fourth,  during  years  of  membership. 


196 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Addition  of  years. 


Under  prescribed  conditions,  members  may  add  one  or 
more  years  to  their  membership. 


Reduction  of  staff. 


Contributing  member  required  to  leave  service  owing  to 
reduction  of  staff,  or  if  required  to  retire  in  consequence  of 
ill  health  before  being  entitled  to  superannuation,  or  required 
to  leave  the  service,  by  the  Company,  for  any  cause  other 
than  misconduct,  receives  back  all  his  contribution  with 
simple  interest  at  4  per  centum  per  annum. 


Members  leaving  service. 


Member  leaving  service  honorably,  of  his  own  accord, 
receives  back  his  own  contributions,  without  interest. 


Retirement  after  10  years' 
membership  for  infirmity. 


Where  member  after  10  years'  membership  or  up- 
wards becomes  incapacitated  for  performance  of  duties, 
by  reason  of  infirmity  of  body  or  mind,  he  is  entitled  to  be 
superannuated  at  any  age.  The  superannuation  allowance 
granted  is  calculated  in  proportion  to  years  of  membership, 
upon  same  scale  as  if  such  member  had  attained  the  re- 
tiring age. 


Ill  health. 


Member  whose  salary  is  stopped  in  consequence  of  ill 
health  is  entitled  so  long  as  his  name  remains  upon  the 
Company's  books,  but  not  in  any  case  for  a  longer  period 
than  12  months,  to  continue  his  membership  by  payment 
of  same  amount  of  monthly  subscription  as  he  paid  at  time 
his  salary  was  discontinued. 


Commutation  of  claims. 


Claims  against  the  Fund  may,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
Committee,  be  commuted  by  one  payment. 


Receipts. 


Receipts   for   period  July  1,    1873,    to   June    30,    1903, 
£531,938  10s.  7d.,  made  up: 

Members'  contributions. £184,205  15s.   lOd. 

From  Railway  Company 182,149     4s.     9d. 

Interest 165,583  10s.     Od. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


197 


Disbursement. 


Number  members. 


Retiring  age. 


Disbursements     for     the     period  next     above     noted, 
.£144,885  3s.  lid.,  made  up: 

Members'  contributions  refundecL-£44,615     6s.  lid. 

Company's  contributions  refunded-  12,409  10s.  Od. 

Interest  refunded  on  members'  con- 
tributions..  1,893  17s.  5d. 

Payments  to  members  superannu- 
ated  - 83,883  lis.  3d. 

Expenses  of  management— 1,972  18s.  4d. 

Auditor's  fees. 110     0s.  Od. 

Members  June  30,  1903,  6,230,  number  of  superannuated 
members  on  same  date  having  been  242. 

Average  age  of  retirement,  61  years. 


Inauguration. 


Administration. 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(1,945*  miles;  82,835  employes.) 

Conducts  the  "London  &  North  Western  Railway 
Superannuation  Fund  Association,"  established  April  1, 
1853. 

Officered  by  a  Secretary  subject  to  a  Committee  of 
Management  consisting  of  six  (6)  members,  three  (3) 
appointed  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Railway  Com- 
pany, known  as  "Directors'  Committeemen,"  and  three  (3) 
elected  by  the  contributing  members,  known  as  "Con- 
tributors' Committeemen."  Two  Auditors  are  selected, 
one  being  appointed  by  the  Company's  Directors,  and  known 
as  "  Directors'  Auditor,"  and  the  other  by  the  contributing 
members,  and  known  as  "Contributors'  Auditor."  After 
the  expiration  of  a  period  of  20  years,  commencing  April  1, 
1896,  a  Directors'  Actuary  and  a  Contributors'  Actuary 
may  be  appointed  by  respectively  the  Directors  and  the 
contributing  members,  and  these  two  actuaries  are  author- 
ized to  appoint  a  "Third  Actuary."  The  Actuaries  and  all 
accountants  and  other  assistants  authorized  in  writing  by 
them,  or  either  of  them,  shall  respectively  have  free  access 
at  all  reasonable  times  to  all  the  books  and  documents  of 
and  relating  to  the  Association  and  fund,  with  full  power 
to  make  copies  and  extracts  thereof  and  therefrom.     The 


198 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Objects. 


Cost  of  operation. 


Committee  is  required  to  deliver  to  the  Auditors  the 
accounts  and  balance-sheet  for  the  year  at  least  14  days 
before  the  day  appointed  for  the  Ordinary  Meeting,  with 
reference  to  which  they  are  to  be  balanced  and  made  out 
respectively,  together  with  all  means  of  vouching  and 
verifying  the  same. 

Objects  are  to  provide  an  annuity  in  event  of  retirement 
at  a  maximum  age,  with  a  designated  number  of  years' 
contributory  membership,  and  upon  incapacitation  after 
a  specified  number  of  years'  membership. 

Cost  of  operation  borne  by  Association.  Company  does 
the  clerical  work,  etc.,  and  charges  the  Association  a  fixed 
sum  per  annum. 


Scale  of  allowances.  After  10  years'  membership  and  attainment  of  age  60 

years,  member  is  entitled  to  superannuation  allowance  for 
remainder  of  life,  amounting  to  such  proportion  of  average 
salary  received  from  date  of  first  contribution  until  retire- 
ment as  provided  in  subjoined  scale  of  superannuation 
allowances : 


Illustration  of  allowance 
principle. 


Years  of 

1 
Superannuation 

Years  of 

Superannuation 

contribution 

in  percentage  of 

contribution 

in  percentage  of 

completed 

average  salary 

completed 

average  salary 

10 

22f 

33 

76£ 

15 

34* 

35 

81} 

17 

38f 

36 

84 

23 

52f 

41 

97i 

25 

57i 

43 

103 

28 

64£ 

45  and  upwards. 

109 

Intervening  years  on   graduated   ascending  scale,  ranging  from  2%  to   3 
per  centum. 

Where  the  intended  beneficiary  has  been  a  contributing 
member  {%.  e.,  the  salaried  officers  for  the  time  being  con- 
tributing to  the  Fund,  but  not  including  recipients  there- 
from) for  10  years,  but  less  than  11  years  from  date  of  first 
contribution,  inclusive,  22f  per  centum  of  such  average 
salary;  but  no  person  will  be  entitled  to  superannuation 
allowance  while  remaining  in  the  service  of  the  Company. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


199 


Incapacitated 
members. 


Commutation  of 
allowance. 


Resignation  or  dismissal 
from  service. 


Membership. 


Source  of  allowances. 


Special  railway  allowances. 


Receipts. 


After  10  years'  membership,  although  under  age  60  years, 
where  a  member  becomes  incapacitated  for  performance  of 
duties,  superannuation  is  paid  as  for  age  60,  under  pre- 
scribed conditions,  in  accordance  with  foregoing  scale  of 
allowances. 

Commutation  of  superannuation  allowance  is  permissible 
by  payment  of  a  lump  sum  not  exceeding  five  years'  pay- 
ments of  the  annual  allowance  to  which  entitled  in  lieu  of 
all  other  payments  and  allowances  whatsoever. 

Where  member  leaves  the  service  in  consequence  of  his 
services  being  discontinued  by  the  Company,  except  for 
misconduct,  or  where  he  retires  from  the  service  bona  fide 
of  his  own  accord,  he  is  entitled  to  receive  back  from  the 
Fund  the  whole  amount  of  his  own  contributions. 

All  salaried  staff  (*.  e.,  officers  or  servants  of  the  Company 
remunerated  by  an  annual  salary  in  contradistinction  to 
weekly  wages  and  any  form  of  remuneration  other  than 
an  annual  salary)  under  28  years  of  age  are  obliged  to 
become  members.  Committee  invested  with  power  to  make 
special  and  exceptional  arrangements  with  any  present 
or  future  salaried  officer  who  was  or  shall  be  upwards 
of  28  years  old  at  time  of  entering  the  service,  as  to  amount 
of  contribution  or  benefits  to  be  derived,  or  both,  and  to 
provide  admission  to  membership  on  footing  of  such 
arrangements. 

Allowances  are  drawn  from  the  Association.  The  Rail- 
way Company  has  at  times,  however,  granted  pension 
outside  the  Superannuation  Fund  allowances,  and  has 
given  retiring  gratuities,  but  there  are  no  rules  as  to  this, 
the  Directors  exercising  their  discretion  as  they  have 
thought  fitting  to  particular  circumstances. 

Receipts  since  institution,  £1,788,205  6s.  2d. 

Average  annual  receipts  for  50-year  period,  about  £35,765. 
Receipts  from  all  sources  during  year  ended  March  31,  1903, 
amounted  to  £96,615  5s.  lid. 


200 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Disbursements. 


Disbursements  since  inauguration,  50-year  period, 
,£539,893  10s.  5d.  Average  annual  disbursements  for 
50-year  period,  about  .£10,798.  Disbursements,  for  all 
expenses,  during  year  ended  March  31,  1903,  amounted  to 
,£52,771  13s.  4d. 


Contributions. 


Members  contribute  2\  per  centum  on  salaries,  with  like 
Company  subscription. 


Minimum  allowance. 


Minimum    retirement    allowance    placed    at     .£30     per 
annum. 


Number  superannuated. 


Number  superannuated  members  March  31,  1903,  416. 


Number  members. 


Number  of  members  March  31,  1903,  8,898. 


London  &  South  Western  Railway. 

(1,009  miles;  25,000  employes.) 


Inauguration. 


Conducts  what  is  known  as  "New  Superannuation 
Scheme,"  effective  January  1,  1900,  which  consists  of  an 
amalgamation  of  the  Old  Superannuation  Fund,  the  Pen- 
sion Fund,  and  the  Special  Grant  Fund,  maintained  origi- 
nally by  contributions  by  Company  for  benefit  of  its 
salaried  staff,  and  established  in  1868. 


Financing. 


Contribution  2\  per  centum  on  salaries,  Company  guar- 
anteeing operative  deficiencies. 


Allowance. 


Allowances  based  on  fiftieths  of  average  salary  for  last 
seven  years,  with  minimum  of  ten-fiftieths  at  age  60,  with  10 
years'  membership,  and  a  maximum  not  to  exceed  two- 
thirds  of  average  salary. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


201 


Table  of  Allowances. 

No.  of 

Proportion 

No   of 

Proportion 

of  average  Salary 

of  average  Salary 

of  last  7  years 

of  last  7  years 

10 

10  50ths 

23 

23  50ths 

11 

11 

24 

24 

' 

12 

12       " 

25 

25 

' 

13 

13       " 

26 

26 

t 

14 

14       " 

27 

27 

t 

15 

15       " 

28 

28 

f 

16 

16       " 

29 

29 

' 

17 

17       " 

30 

30 

' 

18 

18       " 

31 

31 

' 

19 

19       " 

32 

32 

' 

20 

20       " 

33 

33       " 

21 
22 

21  " 

22  " 

34 
And 

Two-thirds 

upwards 

maximum) 

Failure  of  health  before 
10  years'  membership.. 


Failure  of  health  after 
completing  10  years' 
membership. 


Resignation  or  dismissal 
of  members. 


Where  member  is  obliged  to  leave  service  of,  or  his  ser- 
vices are  dispensed  with  by  the  Company  before  com- 
pleting 10  years'  membership,  he  receives  back  his  contri- 
butions, if  any,  to  the  Old  Fund  and  his  subscriptions  to 
the  Income  Account  of  the  New  Fund,  and  a  further  sum 
equal  to  one-half  of  such  contributions  and  subscriptions. 

Where  member  is  obliged  to  leave  service  of,  or  his  ser- 
vices are  dispensed  with  by  the  Company  on  account  of 
ill  health,  after  completing  10  years'  membership,  and 
before  attaining  age  60  years,  he  is  entitled  to  receive 
by  way  of  superannuation  an  annual  allowance  during 
remainder  of  life  computed  on  basis  similar  to  that  on 
which  his  retiring  allowance  would  have  been  computed 
if  he  had  attained  age  60  years,  but  such  allowance  shall 
not  be  less  than  ,£20  a  year  in  the  case  of  10  years'  mem- 
bership, increasing  at  the  rate  of  £2  for  each  additional 
year  of  membership  up  to  a  minimum  of  .£30  a  year. 

Where  member  voluntarily  or  on  notice  from  the  Di- 
rectors (except  for  misconduct)  retires  from  the  service,  he 
receives  back  whole  of  his  contributions,  if  any,  to  Old 
Fund,  and  his  subscriptions  to  the  Income  Account  of  the 
New  Fund. 


202 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Death  before 
superannuation. 


Where  member  dies  before  receiving  superannuation 
allowance,  his  proper  representatives  are  entitled  to  receive 
a  sum  equal  to  double  amount  of  his  contributions,  if 
any,  to  Old  Fund  and  of  his  subscriptions  to  Income 
Account  of  the  New  Fund. 


Death  after 
superannuation. 


Commutation  of 
superannuation  allowance. 


Where  death  occurs  while  in  receipt  of  superannuation 
allowance  under  the  New  Scheme  before  receiving  such 
allowance  for  two  years,  the  proper  representatives  are 
entitled  to  receive  a  sum  equal  to  difference  between 
amount  of  superannuation  allowance  and  the  aggregate 
amount  such  member  may  have  received  by  way  of  super- 
annuation allowance. 

The  Superannuation  Committee  may,  under  prescribed 
conditions,  pay  to  any  member  becoming  entitled  to  or  in 
receipt  of  superannuation  allowance,  at  his  request,  a 
sum  in  one  payment,  in  full  satisfaction  and  discharge  of 
all  claim  on  his  part  for  superannuation  or  other  allowance. 


Inauguration. 


Contribution. 


Minimum  and 
maximum  allowances. 


Midland  Railway. 

(2,761.25  miles;  71,091  employes.*) 
*Mileage  made  up: 

Midland  Railway 1,376.25  miles. 

Joint  Lines 1,385.00       " 

Conducts  "Midland  Railway  Superannuation  Fund," 
established  in  February,  1870. 

Members  contribute  2+  per  centum  on  actual  salary,  with 
like  subscription  by  the  Railway  Company. 

Allowance  in  proportion  to  average  salary  received 
during  membership.  Minimum  and  maximum  allowances 
ranging  on  a  graduated  scale;  entrants  under  age  28 
receiving  22.75  per  centum  after  10  years'  and  100  per 
centum  after  45  years'  completed  service;  entrants  at  age 
48  and  over  receiving  15.17  per  centum  after  10  years'  and 
33.50  per  centum  after  22  years'  membership;  intervening 
ages  and  years  of  membership  carrying  proportionate 
allowances. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


203 


Compulsory  membership. 


Women. 


Table 

of  Allowances. 

3 

Superannuation 

in  Percentage  of  Average  Salary 

-O"0 

■£2 

For  all  entrants 

prior  to  March 

For  entrants  since  March  1 

,  1885,  aged 

OS 

^  o 

1,  1885,  and 
those  under 

o  o 

b  o 

28  years  of 

28 

33 

38 

43 

48 

cS  - 

age  since 
March  1, 

1885 

and  under 
33 

and  under 
38 

and  under 
43 

and  under 
48 

and  over 

Col.  (1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

10 

22.75 

20.68 

18.96 

17.50 

16.25 

15.17 

11 

25 

22.73 

20.83 

19.23 

17.86 

16.67 

12 

27.25 

24.77 

22.71 

20.96 

19.46 

18.17 

13 

29.5 

26.82 

24.58 

22.69 

21.10 

19.67 

14 

31.75 

28.86 

26.46 

24.42 

22.68 

21.17 

15 

34.25 

31.14 

28.54 

26.35 

24.46 

22.83 

16 

36.5 

33.18 

30.42 

28.08 

26.07 

24.33 

17 

38.75 

35.23 

32.29 

29.81 

27.68 

25.83 

18 

41 

37.27 

34.17 

31.54 

29.29 

27.33 

19 

43.25 

39.32 

36.04 

33.27 

30.89 

28.83 

20 

45.75 

41.59 

38.12 

35.19 

32.68 

30.50 

21 

48 

43.64 

40 

36.92 

34.29 

32 

22 

50.25 

45.68 

41.87 

38.65 

35.89 

33.50 

23 

52.75 

47.95 

43.96 

40.57 

37.68 

24 

55 

50 

45.83 

42.31 

39.29 

25 

57.25 

52.05 

47.71 

44.04 

40.89 

26 

59.75 

54.32 

49.79 

45.96 

42.68 

27 

62 

56.36 

51.67 

47.69 

44.29 

28 

64.5 

58.64 

53.75 

49.62 

29 

66.75 

60.68 

55.62 

51.35 

30 

69.25 

62.95 

57.71 

53.27 

31 

71.75 

65.23 

59.79 

55.19 

32 

74 

67.27 

61.67 

56.92 

33 

76.5 

69.55 

63.75 

34 

79 

71.82 

65.83 

35 

81.5 

74.09 

67.92 

36 

83.35 

76.36 

70 

37 

85.20 

78.64 

72.08 

38 

87.05 

81.14 

39 

88.90 

83.41 

40 

90.75 

S5.91 

41 

92.60 

88.41 

42 

94.45 

9091 

43 

96.30 

44 

98.15 

45 

100 

As  revised  in  1897. 

All  salaried  officers  required  to  become  members  from 
time  of  admission  to  the  service. 

Women  employed  by  Company  as  salaried  officers  may 
be  admitted  as  members,  but  do  not  have  the  right  to  such 


204 


Superannuation  Provision. 


admittance    without    the    express    sanction    of    the    Com- 
mittee in  each  case. 


Voluntary  resignation. 


Member  leaving  Company's  service,  honorably,  of  his 
own  accord,  receives  back  all  his  own  contributions,  with- 
out interest. 


Death  before 
superannuation. 


Where  member  dies  before  superannuation  takes  place, 
there  is  paid  to  his  proper  representatives  a  sum  equal  to 
amount  of  his  own  contributions  and  the  contributions  of 
the  Company  on  his  behalf,  up  to  time  of  death,  without 
interest ;  and  in  absence  of  such  representatives  the  Com- 
mittee may  pay  a  sum  not  exceeding  ,£50  to  his  widow 
and  children  or  either  or  any  of  such  persons. 


Membership  over 
28  years  of  age. 


Contributing  member  over  28  years  of  age  at  date  of 
admission  has  the  option,  by  making  increased  contri- 
butions (including  back  payment  if  necessary),  of  becoming 
entitled  to  rates  of  pension  provided  by  Column  1  of  above 
scale  of  allowances,  subject  to  following  conditions: 

a. — As  regards  members  after  January  31,  1899, 
declaring  such  option,  back  payments  (which 
include  compound  interest  at  5  per  centum  per 
annum)  must  be  fixed  by  the  Committee,  which 
also  prescribes  dates  of  payment. 
b. — Any  such  option  will  only  take  effect  after  three 
years'  increased  payments  have  been  made.  Any 
member  pensioned  within  three  years  after  declar- 
ing such  option  receives  back  his  extra  payments 
(contributions  and  interest)  with  4  per  centum 
compound  interest  thereon. 
c. — Scale  of  contributions  (all  payable  by  member) 
beyond  2\  per  centum  as  above  indicated  is  as 
follows : 

Age  28  and  under      33 \  "per  centum. 

"     33    "         "  38 - 1 

"     38    "         "  43 1£     " 

"     43    "         "  48 2       " 

"     48  and  above 2J     " 


Superannuation  Provision. 


205 


Death  before  drawing 
specified  superannuation. 


Retirement' after  10  years' 
membership  from  ill  health. 


Retiring  age. 
Receipts. 


Disbursements. 


Number  members. 


Where  member  dies  before  drawing  out  as  superannua- 
tion an  amount  equal  to  his  own  contributions  and  those 
of  Company  in  his  behalf,  the  balance  remaining  of  such 
contributions  is  paid  to  his  proper  representatives. 

Where,  after  10  years'  membership,  a  member  retires 
from  the  service  on  account  of  ill  health  or  infirmity,  such 
illness  not  being  occasioned  by  causes  within  his  own  con- 
trol, the  Committee  is  empowered  to  authorize  his  retire- 
ment and  participation  in  the  Fund,  regardless  of  attain- 
ment of  age  of  60  years. 

Average  age  of  retirement,  65  years. 

Receipts,  from  all  sources,  during  the  period  February  1, 
1870,  to  January  31,  1904,  about  .£1,230,275,  of  which 
amount  the  total  contributions  of  the  members  and  the 
Company  approximated  ,£375,994  each,  or  an  aggregate 
of  .£751,988. 

Disbursements,  for  allowances,  during  the  above-men- 
tioned period  were  about  ,£275,500,  and  the  operating 
expenses  approximately  .£8,900. 

Number  of  superannuated  members  January  31,  1904, 
was  270,  and  total  membership  10,139. 


Inauguration. 


Compulsory  membership. 


Membership  age. 


North  British  Railway. 

(1,442  miles;  22,000  employes.) 

Conducts  "North  British  Railway  Superannuation 
Fund  Association,"  established  October  1,   1883. 

Membership  obligatory  for  officers  and  servants  of  the 
Company  entitled  to  contribute  to  and  participate  in 
Fund  benefits,  when  under  50  years  of  age. 

From  March  1,  1904,  any  salaried  officer  whose  age 
exceeds  50  but  does  not  exceed  55  years,  may  be  admitted 
to  membership  by  arrangement  with  the  Committee. 


206 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Contribution. 


Members  contribute  at  rate  of  2^  per  centum  on  actual 
salary,  with  like  subscription  by  Railway  Company. 


Allowances. 


Allowance  tables. 


Allowance  in  percentage  of  average  salary  for  last  seven 
(7)  years,  with  minimum  of  20  per  centum  after  10  years' 
membership,  with  2  per  centum  additional  for  each  com- 
pleted contributory  year  up  to  33  years,  or  66  per  centum, 
34  years  and  upwards,  66§  per  centum.  Minimum  annuity, 
£30. 

Allowances  at  different  ages  are  in  accordance  with  the 

following  tables. 


Age  60  with  10  years' 
membership. 


Retirement  on  or  after  November  1,  1902,  upon  attain- 
ing age  60,  with  10  years'  membership,  in  accordance  with 
following  table : 

Table  A. 


Years  of 

Contribution 

completed 

Superannuation 

Years  of 

Contribution 

completed 

Superannuation 

in  percentage  of 

average  Salary  of 

last  7  years 

in  percentage  of 

average  Salary  of 

last  7  years 

Years 

Per  centum 

Years 

Per  centum 

10 

20 

23 

46 

11 

22 

24 

48 

12 

24 

25 

50 

13 

26 

26 

52 

14 

28 

27 

54 

15 

30 

28 

56 

16 

32 

29 

58 

17 

34 

30 

60 

18 

36 

31 

62 

19 

38 

32 

64 

20 

40 

33 

66 

21 

42 

34  and  upwards 

66§ 

22 

44 

Aged  30  or  upwards 
on  admission. 


Every  salaried  officer  30  years  of  age  or  upwards  has 
the  option,  to  be  declared  on  admission,  of  contributing  at 
rate  of  2h  per  centum  on  salary,  entitling  to  superannua- 
tion on  retirement  at  age  60  or  upwards,  according  to  fol- 
lowing Table  B,  or  of  contributing  at  the  higher  rates  named 
in  Table  C,  entitling:  to  allowances  shown  in  Table  A. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


207 


Member  over  40  years  of  age  contributing  higher  rates 
contributes  according  to  Table  C. 

Table  B. 


Years  of 

Superannuation 

\  ears  of 
Contribution 

completed 

Superannuation 

Contribution 
completed 

in  percentage  of 

average  Salary  of 

last  7  years 

in  percentage  of 

average  Salary  of 

last  7  years 

Years 

Per  centum 

Years 

Per  centum 

10 

s 

23 

25 

11 

9 

24 

261 

12 

10 

25 

28 

13 

11 

26 

30 

14 

12 

27 

32 

15 

13 

28 

34 

16 

141 

29 

36 

17 

16 

30 

38 

18 

171 

31 

41 

19 

19 

32 

44 

20 

20* 

33 

47 

21 

22 

34  and  upwards 

50 

22 

231 

Table  C. 


Irregular  retirement 
allowances. 


Commutation. 
Retiring  age. 


Age  at  Entry  as  a  Contributing 
Member 

Rate  of  Contribution  in  percentage 

of  Salary  for  Superannuation 

Allowance  according  to  Table  A 

Years  next  birthday 

Per   centum 

31  and  not  exceeding  35 
36    "       "           "          40 
41    "       "           "           45 
46    "       "           "          50 
51    "       "           "           55 

31 

41 
51 
61 

71 

Entrants  at  age  51  and  upwards  are  not  entitled  to  a  superannuation 
allowance  at  age  60,  but  only  after  completing  ten  years'  contributions  and 
retiring  from  the  service. 

Retirements  before  compliance  with  regular  or  ordinary- 
conditions  carry  provisions,  for  the  member  or  his  proper 
representatives,  according  to  circumstances,  correspond- 
ing with  those  hereinbefore  announced  for  similar  funds 
conducted  by  railways  of  Great  Britain. 

Commutation  of  allowance  permitted. 

Average  age  of  retirement,  63  years. 


208 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Receipts. 


Receipts,  from  all  sources,  during  the  period  October  1, 
1883,  to  December  31,  1903,  .£225, 14S  16s.  3d.,  and  during 
the  year  ended  December  31,  1903,  .£16,947  15s.  2d. 


Disbursements. 


Disbursements,  for  all  expenses,  during  the  above-men- 
tioned period,  .£62,065  18s.  10d.,  and  during  the  year 
ended  December  31,  1903,  ,£7,621  13s.  3d. 


Number  members. 


Members  on  December  31,  1903,  2,705. 


North  Eastern  Railway. 

(1,669.5  miles;  51,356  employes.*) 

(♦Represents  number  of  employes  as  of  December  31,  1902.) 


Inauguration. 


Conducts     "North     Eastern    Railway 
Fund,"  established  January  1,  1882. 


Superannuation 


Admission  age. 


Maximtmi   age   for   regular   admission    to    membership, 
40  years. 


Admission  when  over 
40  years  of  age. 


Committee  is  empowered  to  make  special  and  exceptional 
arrangements  with  any  salaried  officer  or  servant  40  years 
of  age  and  upwards  at  time  of  entering  the  service,  as  to 
amount  of  contribution  or  benefit  to  be  derived,  or  both, 
and  to  admit  him  to  be  a  contributing  member  on  the  foot- 
ing of  such  arrangement. 


Women  members. 


Women  employed  as  salaried  officers  may  be  admitted 
as  members  on  same  terms  as  men,  but  have  not  the  right 
to  such  admittance  without  express  sanction  of  the  Com- 
mittee in  each  case. 


Contribution. 


Members  contribute  at  rate  of  2\  per  centum  on  actual 
salary,  with  like  subscription  by  the  Railway  Company. 


Retirement. 


Retirement  allowances  and  conditions  similar  to  those 
obtaining  generally  with  like  funds  conducted  by  English 
railways,  as  hereinbefore  described.     The  scale  of  retire- 


Superannuation  Provision. 


209 


ment  for  ordinary  purposes,  after  10  years'  membership 
and  attaining  age  60  years  and  upwards,  is  as  follows : 


Retiring  age. 


Commutation. 


Receipts. 


Disbursements. 


Scale  of  Retirement. 


Years  of 

Contribution 

completed 

Superannuation 
in  percentage  of 
average  Salary 

Years  of 

Contribution 

completed 

Superannuation 
in  percentage  of 
average  Salary 

Years 

Per  centum 

Years 

Per  centum 

10 

25 

28 

46 

11 

26 

29 

47 

12 

27 

30 

48 

13 

"28 

31 

50 

14 

29 

32 

51 

15 

30 

33 

52 

16 

32 

34 

53 

17 

34 

35 

54 

18 

35 

36 

55 

19 

36 

37 

56 

20 

37 

38 

58 

21 

38 

39 

60 

22 

39 

40 

61 

23 

40 

41 

62 

24 

42 

42 

63 

25 

43 

43 

64 

26 

44 

44 

65 

27 

45 

45  or  upwards 

67 

Number  members. 


Average  age  of  retirement  for  year  1903,  63.97  years. 

Commutation  of  allowance  permitted. 

Receipts,  from  all  sources,  since  inauguration  to  December 
31,  1903,  ,£703,543  19s.  7d.,  and  during  the  year  ended 
December  31,  1903,  £52,605  2s.  Od. 

Disbursements,  for  all  expenses,  during  the  above- 
mentioned  period,  £177,160  9s.  2d.,  and  during  the  year 
ended  December  31,  1903,  £17,164  12s.  6d.  Expenditure 
for  allowances  since  inauguration,  £99,076;  average  an- 
nual allowance  per  capita  for  1903,  £50  17s.  Od. 

Members  at  end  of  1903,  6,318. 


210 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Clearing  House  Fund. 


Railway  Clearing  System  Superannuation  Fund  Corporation. 
This  Corporation  includes  a  number  of  English  railways 
coming  within  the  purview  of  Reportorial  assignment.  The 
salient  characteristics  of  the  Fund  will  be  discussed  herein- 
after under  the  caption  "Public  and  Private  {Outside) 
Provision"  {vide  pp.  297,  298,  299). 


Africa. 


Railway  management. 


General  comment. 


Distribution  of  employes 
by  departments. 


Africa. 

Central  South  African  Railways. 

(1,374  miles;  25,556  employes.) 

The  railways  of  these  colonies  have  only  recently  come 
under  the  control  of  the  Imperial  Government. 

The  railways  are  managed  by  a  Commissioner  of  Railways 
and  a  General  Manager.  Financial  matters  are  under  the 
control  of  an  Inter-Colonial  Council  with  His  Majesty's 
High  Commissioner  in  South  Africa  as  President.  The 
remaining  members  of  the  Council  are  the  Commissioner 
of  Railways,  the  Treasurers  of  the  Transvaal  and  Orange 
River  Colonies,  and  nominated  representatives  of  the 
public  of  the  two  (Crown)  Colonies. 

A  scheme  has  been  drafted,  and  is  now  under  considera- 
tion, to  provide  superannuation  or  other  retiring  allow- 
ances to  officers  and  employes  in  the  service  who  become 
contributors  to  the  fund. 

Contributions  and  allowances  on  same  lines  as  for  similar 
funds  with  English  railways. 

Following  is  table  showing  distribution  of  employes  by 
departments  as  of  December  31,  1903: 


Department 

Salaried 
and  Cleri- 
cal Staff 

Other 

white 

employes 

Natives 

Total 

Traffic 

1,035 

253 

186 

71 

61 

228 

154 

38 

2,261 

3,089 

2,820 

22 

2 

1 

144 

8 

2,652 

2,368 

9,337 

213 

186 

16 

398 

13 

5,948 

Locomotive. 

5,710 

Maintenance 

12,343 

Telegraph. _ 

306 

MedicaL _.... 

249 

Accounting 

245 

Stores 

696 

General  Manager's 

59 

Totals 

2,026 

8,347 

15,183 

25,556 

Superannuation  Provision. 


211 


Inauguration. 


Management. 


Admission  age. 
Financing. 


Natal  Government  Railways. 

(679  miles;  4,835  employes,  Europeans.) 

The  present  organization  is  styled  the  "Natal  Govern- 
ment Public  Employes'  Superannuation  Fund,"  framed 
under  Act  No.  29,  1897,  and  effective  January  1,  1898, 
which  embraces  all  persons  in  the  public  employ  not  entitled 
to  pension  or  retiring  allowance  under  any  other  Law,  Act, 
or  Scheme.  Up  to  December  31,  1897,  there  had  been  in 
operation  the  "Natal  Government  Railways  Superannua- 
tion Fund,"  effective  as  of  January  1,  1885,  and  which 
embraced  the  following  employes: 

a. — Principal  officers  of  the   Department   and  clerks 
and    other    European   officials   attached    to    their 
offices. 
b. — Station  masters,  clerks  and  checkers. 
c. — Inspectors,  foremen. 
The  Railways  Fund  was  incorporated,  without  prejudice 
to  its  members,  with  the  wider  Government  scheme  under 
said  Act  No.  29,  1897. 

The  united  Funds  are  controlled  by  a  member  of  the 
Cabinet  for  the  time  being.  The  controlling  Minister  has 
hitherto  been  the  Treasurer  of  the  Colony.  There  is  a 
Secretary  appointed  by  the  Government.  This  Secretary 
has  hitherto  been  the  Chief  Accountant  of  Railways,  and 
he  obtains  clerical  assistance  from  a  member  of  the  Railway 
accounting  staff. 

Maximum  age  for  entrance  to  the  Fund,  40  years. 

Fund  is  financed  by  a  percentage  deduction  from  salaries 
and  wages  of  contributors  (amounting  to  2\  per  centum  of 
actual  salaries),  and  an  equal  sum  paid  by  the  Government 
in  each  half-year.  Only  other  source  of  revenue  is  the 
interest  accruing  from  investments.  Proportions  derived 
under  each  head  during  year  1903-1904  were: 

Contributions  by  members ,£4,923     6s.  Od. 

Contributions  by  Government 4,956   19s.   7d. 

Interest  on  investments...- 3,292   18s.   6d. 


212 


Superannuation  Provision. 

Following  scale  is  observed  when  making  deductions  on 
pay  bills  in  respect  of  contributions  at  ordinary  rate  of  2\ 

per  centum: 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

From  any  sum  not  exceeding. 3  4  Id. 

From  any  sum  between. 3  5  and  6  8  inclusive    2d. 

6  9  "  10  0  "  3d. 

10  1  "  13  4  "  4d. 

. 13  5  "  16  8  "  5d. 

16  9  "  20  0  "  6d. 

Example  : 

£  s.  d.  s.  d.  £  s.  d. 

Wages  for  one  week 3  3  0 

Deduction  in  respect  of 3  0  0=1  6 

0  3  0=0  1  0  17 

Balance. £3  15 


Scale  for  making  deductions. 


Provided  that  the  deductions  shall  cease  till  the  end  of  the  current 
year  so  soon  as  they  reach  a  total  of  2 \  -per  centum  of  the  total  wages  for 
the  year. 


Retirement. 


Voluntary  retirement  at  age  60  years  and  over,  with  10 
years'  membership,  entitles  to  life  allowance  or  annuity, 
by  way  of  superannuation,  in  accordance  with  prescribed 
scale  of  allowances,  computed  on  the  average  of  the  salary 
upon  which  contribution  was  made,  the  minimum  and 
maximum  yearly  allowances  being  respectively,  for  10 
years'  membership,  .£25,  and  for  45  years'  membership  and 
upwards,  ,£67,  allowances  for  intervening  ages  being  in 
proportion  based  on  ascending  scale. 

Age  of  60  years  above  mentioned,  may  be  reduced  by 
the  Minister  by  not  more  than  five  (5)  years,  whenever 
circumstances  of  the  case  may  warrant  special  consideration. 

Other  Fund  provision,  by  way  of  allowance,  corresponds 
closely  with  the  practices  of  like  Funds  conducted  by 
English  railways  (vide  supra). 


Average  retiring  age. 


Average  age  of  retirement  on  allowance,  55  years. 


Superannuation  Provision. 


213 


Expenditure. 


No.  members. 
Beneficiaries. 
Deaths. 


Railway  management. 


Old  scheme. 


Total  expenditure  since  organization,  .£22,175  14s.  Od., 

made  up: 

Refunds  to  members  leaving  Public 

service £17,298  18s.  5d. 

Superannuation  allowances 2,895    5s.  3d. 

Salaries - - 1,447  17s.  lOd. 

Stationery,  printing,  and  books 236    3s.  4d. 

Auditors'  and  Solicitors'  fees 288  15s.  Od. 

Sundries - - ----- 8  14s.  2d. 

Number  of  contributing  members,   950. 

Number  of  beneficiaries  being  carried,  22. 

Number  of  deaths  since  organization,  26. 

Australasia. 

New  South  Wales  Government  Railways. 

(3,042.5  miles;  14,313  employes.) 

The  railways  are  controlled  by  the  State.  The  New 
South  Wales  railways  differ  in  regard  to  ownership  and 
control  from  most  of  the  railways  represented  in  the  Rail- 
way Congress.  They  are  entirely  owned  by  the  State,  but 
to  free  them  as  far  as  possible  from  detail  political  control, 
they  are  entrusted  to  a  Board  of  Commissioners  (3),  whose 
appointment  and  functions  are  provided  for  in  the  Govern- 
ment Railways  Act.  The  Commissioners  deal  only  with 
lines  open,  the  policy  of  where  new  lines  are  to  be  made 
being  controlled  by  the  State  Government  and  Parliament, 
and  the  construction  of  new  railways  being  carried  out  by  a 
State  Government  department  known  as  the  Department 
of  Public  Works,  and  the  lines  when  completed  are  handed 
over  to  the  Commissioners  to  manage.  Before,  however,  a 
new  line  is  submitted  to  Parliament,  the  Railway  Com- 
missioners are  required  by  law  to  report  on  its  financial 
prospects,  and  if  it  is  decided  to  undertake  its  construction, 
they  are  the  constituted  authority  to  decide  on  the  position 
of  stations,  sidings,  etc. 

Prior  to  placing  control  of  railways  under  three  Com- 
missioners, in  1888,  officers  with  yearly  salary  were  com- 
pelled to  contribute  4  per  centum  thereon  to  a  Superannuation 
Fund,  to  entitle  to  a  gratuity  of  one  month's  pay  for  each 


214 


Superannuation  Provision. 


Present  plan. 


Distribution  of  employes 
by  grades  of  occupation. 


year's  service  under  15,  and  a  pension  for  15  years'  service 
or  over,  calculated  on  average  salary  during  last  three  years' 
service  at  rate  of  one-sixtieth  of  such  average  for  each  year 
of  service.  Only  about  3  per  centum  of  the  staff  now  belong 
to  this  Fund,  which  is  not  controlled  by  the  Railway  Com- 
missioners, but  by  the  State  Public  Service  Board,  under 
whom  practically  all  other  Government  servants  are  em- 
ployed. All  others  joining  the  service  since  1888  are 
obliged  to  insure  their  lives  until  retiring  age  of  60  years, 
when  the  amount  of  insurance  is  paid  to  them,  and  this 
varies  from  ,£50  to  ,£500.  Employes  paid  at  daily  wage 
rate  not  insured,  or  not  contributing  to  Superannuation 
Fund,  are  allowed  upon  voluntary  retirement  £2  for  each 
year  of  service,  provided  they  have  completed  10  years' 
service. 

Following    table    shows    distribution    of    employes    by 
occupations : 

Class.  Number  of. 

General  officers.     (Heads  of  Branches) 11 

Other  officers.     (Balance  of  salaried  officers,  including  the 

most  important  officers  other  than  Heads  of  Branches)....  216 

General  Office  clerks 657 

Station  agents.  (Officers  in  charge  of  stations,  day  or 
night;  the  duties  of  goods  and  passenger  traffic  are  inter- 
woven)  - 611 

Other  station  men.     (Wage  hands  employed  at  station)...  1,785 

Enginemen.     (All  locomotive  engine-drivers) 592 

Firemen.     (All  locomotive  engine-firemen). 681 

Cleaners  of  locomotive  engines 839 

Conductors.     (Guards  and  assistant  guards) 489 

Other  train  men.     (Sleeping-car  conductors)- 19 

Machinists 90 

Carpenters.. - 141 

Other  shopmen.     (Exclusive  of  trades  specially  given) 1,176 

Section  foremen.     (Gangers  of  permanent-way  lengths)—.  459 

Other  trackmen.     (Fettlers  of  permanent-way  lengths).—  1,262 

Switchmen.     (Signalmen) 217 

Flagmen.     (Gatekeepers) 640 

Watchmen 24 

Train  despatchers - None  so 

classified. 

Telegraph  operators.. 53 

Employes — account  float  equipment No  similar 

designation 

All  other  employes  and  laborers 3,039 

Shunters 243 

Carriage  and  wagon  builders 206 

Fitters > 414 

Turners 140 

Boilermakers - —  102 

Blacksmiths H7 

14,313 


United  States. 
Brief  sketch. 


Assessment  rates. 


Part  taken  by  railways. 


Medical  staff. 


Prescriptions,  etc. 


Specialists. 


Sanitation  and  hygiene. 


First  railway  hospital 
department. 


D. — Hospital  Service. 
America. 


United  States. 


Hospital  service  on  account  of  railway  employes  was  the 
earliest  form  of  relief  to  which  recourse  was  had.  Apart 
from  its  socio-pathological  attributes,  it  appealed  to  the 
men  directly  from  the  standpoint  of  the  primary  law  of 
self-preservation. 

The  average  assessment  rates  are  25  and  50  cents  monthly, 
with  an  average  maximum  of  $1.00  per  month. 

The  railway  companies  usually  provide  the  hospital 
buildings  and  other  quarters,  furnish  free  transportation  to 
and  from  same,  and  not  infrequently  assume  responsibilitv 
for  operative  deficiencies. 

Medical  staff  commonly  consists  of  Chief,  Division,  and 
Local  Surgeons  and  Physicians,  distributed  at  convenient 
points  along  the  lines  of  road,  and  a  corps  of  Hospital  Sur- 
geons, with  strictly  in-door  or  house  surgeons. 

Prescriptions  are  prepared  and  distributed  to  applying 
members,  and  trusses,  bandages,  and  sundry  prosthetic 
agencies  are  supplied  on  request. 

The  hospitals  also  command  the  services  of  necessary 
specialists,  such  as  the  Aurist,  Throat  and  Lung  Specialist, 
Oculist,  Neurologist,   Dermatologist,  and  Bacteriologist. 

Many  of  the  departments  devote  special  attention  to 
sanitative  and  hygienic  matters. 

The   first   Hospital    Department   organized   for   railway 
employes  in  this  country,  invested  with  the  characteristics 
now  prevailing,  was  one  in  connection  with  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railway,  started  in  the  State  of  California  in  1868. 
(215) 


216 


Hospital  Service. 


Points  of  difference  from 
railway  relief  schemes. 


Purpose  of  assessment. 


Prohibited  ailments. 


Members  of  families  treated. 


Outside  hospitals  availed  of. 


Railway  emergency  stations. 


Resident  physicians. 


The  Hospital  Department  differs  from  the  various  railway 
company  insurance  and  relief  department  schemes,  under 
which  the  sick  and  injured  employe-member  is  insured  and 
protected  against  loss  of  time,  with  accident  and  sickness 
benefits,  and  death  benefit  payments  to  designated  repre- 
sentatives; a  further  difference  existing  in  the  fact  that  an 
employe  signing  an  application  in  the  company  organiza- 
tion agrees,  as  a  rule,  to  relinquish  rights  of  litigation  for 
injuries  received,  accepting  in  lieu  thereof  the  benefits 
extended  by  the  company  scheme.* 

The  monthly  assessment  is  contributed  for  the  purpose 
of  sustaining  the  Hospital  Department,  and  all  compensa- 
tion for  injuries  sustained  are  commonly  settled  for  by  the 
railway  companies  according  to  the  legal  merit  of  each  case. 

Employes  suffering  from  chronic  diseases  or  those  arising 
from  vicious  acts  are  not  entitled  to  hospital  benefits. 

In  some  instances  members  of  the  families  of  employes 
are  treated  in  the  hospitals  at  reduced  rates. 

A  great  many  railways,  particularly  in  the  eastern  section 
of  the  country,  where  the  population  is  dense,  and  numerous 
independent  State,  municipal,  and  private  hospitals  exist, 
do  not  deem  the  provision  of  distinctive  Hospital  Depart- 
ments necessary,  such  roads  having  agreements  with  inde- 
pendent hospitals  along  their  lines  for  the  admission  and 
treatment  of  their  employes  on  liberal  terms. 

Other  roads,  while  contracting  with  outside  hospitals  in 
this  relation,  have  also  emergency  hospitals  located  at 
terminal  points,  which  are  provided  with  medical  and 
surgical  supplies  and  appliances,  and  are  in  charge  of  what 
are  known  as  "Company  Surgeons." 

Again,  some  of  the  roads  have  regularly  appointed 
physicians,  residing  at  various  points  on  the  lines,  to  give 
relief  in  cases  of  train  accidents. 


*  As  to  relinquishment  of  rights  of  litigation,  see  data  on  "Railway  Relief 
Department,"  p.  33,  last  paragraph. 


Hospital  Service. 


217 


Housing  provisions.  The   Hospital   Department   or   Association   usually   em- 

braces the  General  Hospital,  Division  Hospitals,  Emergency 
Stations  or  Hospitals,  Contract  Hospitals,  and  Dispensaries. 


Patients. 


Employe   patients   are   classified   as   "In-Patients"   and 
"Out-Patients." 


Roads  replying  to 
Reporter,  in  United  States. 


Following  is  a  list  of  railways  in  the  United  States  report- 
ing hospital  service,  viz.: 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Sante  Fe  Railway  (Coast  Lines) ; 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Sante  Fe  Railway  (proper) ; 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad ; 
♦Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad ; 

Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad; 
♦Boston  &  Maine  Railroad; 

Butte,  Anaconda  &  Pacific  Railway; 

Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway; 
♦Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railway; 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad ; 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad ; 

Duluth  &  Iron  Range  Railroad; 

Duluth,  Missabe  &  Northern  Railway; 

El  Paso  &  Northeastern  Railway; 
*Erie  Railroad; 

Gila  Valley,  Globe  &  Northern  Railway; 

Gulf,  Colorado  &  Sante  Fe  Railway; 

Illinois  Central  Railroad; 
♦Indianapolis  Union  Railway; 

International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad ; 

Kansas  City  Southern  Railway; 
♦Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway; 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway ; 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway; 
♦Norfolk  &  Western  Railway; 

Northern  Pacific  Railway; 

North  Shore  Railroad; 

Oregon  Railroad  &  Navigation  Company ; 

Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad ; 


218 


Hospital  Service. 


*  Pennsylvania  Railroad  System,  East  and  West; 

*  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway; 
*Ouincy,  Omaha  &  Kansas  City  Railroad ; 

Rio  Grande,  Sierra  Madre  &  Pacific  Railroad; 

St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island  Railway; 

St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad; 

St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway; 

San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway; 

Southern  California  Railway; 

Southern  Pacific  Company  (Pacific  System); 

Southern  Pacific  Company  (Sunset  Route) ; 

Southern  Railway; 

Texas  &  Pacific  Railway; 

Texas  Central  Railroad; 

Texas  Midland  Railroad; 

Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Western  Railroad; 

Wabash  Railroad. 


Summarization  of 
reportorial  results  in 
United  States. 


Funeral  benefits. 


Climating  change. 


Pennsylvania  Railroad. 


The  foregoing  list  comprises  35  railway  companies  with 
distinctive  hospital  organization,  representing  an  aggregate 
of  approximately  70,000  miles  of  roadway,  with  about 
360,000  employes,  and  providing  treatment  annually  for 
upwards  of  275,000  cases.  The  roads  preceded  by  an 
asterisk  (*)  come  within  the  category  of  railways  extending 
strictly  contractual  or  general  outside  hospital  service  out 
of  purely  railway  revenue. 

Some  of  the  hospital  organizations  provide  special  funeral 
allowances  and  burial  furnishings. 

Two  or  three  of  the  larger  departments,  notably  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Sante  Fe  and  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Departments,  afford  their  members  the  advantages  and 
benefits  of  climatic  changes  by  a  method  of  hospital  transfer. 

The  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  besides  having  contracts 
with  independent  hospitals  along  its  lines,  also  employs, 
in  connection  with  its  Relief  Department,  a  special  medical 
corps,  consisting  of  surgeons  and  physicians  residing  at  con- 
venient points  on  its  various  divisions  and  branches,  and 


Hospital  Service. 


219 


Hospital  car. 


also  operates  what  is  known  as  the  "Hospital  Car  Service," 
being  a  specially  constructed  car,  manned  by  skilled 
medical  representatives,  and  thoroughly  equipped  with 
medical  and  surgical  supplies  and  appliances,  the  service 
being  primarily  to  take  care  of  the  traveling  public  in  the 
event  of  accidents  on  trains,  and  as  well  train  or  other 
employes  in  emergencies. 


First-aid  relief. 


The  Company  also  makes  special  provision  for  extend- 
ing first-aid  relief  to  injured  persons.  Two  plans  have  been 
adopted  in  this  direction,  namely,  "First- Aid  Packet"  and 
"Emergency  Box." 


First-aid  packet. 


What  is  known  as  the  "  First- Aid  Packet"  contains  six 
smaller  packets  in  a  tin  box,  hermetically  sealed,  which, 
in  turn,  is  enclosed  in  a  sealed  wooden  box,  each  of  the 
small  packets  carrying  the  following  contents,  viz. :  two  anti- 
septic compresses  of  sublimate  gauze  in  oiled  paper ;  one  anti- 
septic bandage  of  sublimate  cambric,  with  safety-pin;  and 
one  triangular  bandage,  with  safety-pin.  The  packet  is 
accompanied  by  a  tag,  directing  that  if  seal  of  tin  box  is 
broken  the  box  must  be  forwarded  at  once  to  the  nearest 
shop  to  be  replaced  by  one  properly  sealed,  which  when 
received  is  placed  in  wooden  box  and  the  latter  sealed. 
When  the  tin  box  is  opened  for  emergency  treatment, 
report  must  be  made  to  the  proper  Division  Superintendent 
of  the  name  of  the  person  injured,  and  the  nature  of  the 
accident,  in  order  that  he  may  make  report  to  the  proper 
officer  of  the  Company  in  relation  thereto.  These  packets 
are  placed  in  every  engine  and  caboose  in  the  train  service 
and  at  all  the  principal  stations,  also  in  yard  offices.  That 
the  men  may  be  duly  qualified  to  render  first  aid  a  series 
of  lectures  is  delivered  to  them,  from  time  to  time,  in 
bodies  of  fifty  men  specially  selected  for  attendance,  and 
including  all  the  departments  of  the  service.  These  lectures 
are  uniform,  the  same  lecture  being  delivered  throughout 
the  entire  system  by  the  Company's  corps  of  Medical  Ex- 
aminers, and  comprehends  practical  instructions  and  dem- 
onstrations for  the  emergency  treatment  of  all  the  condi- 


220 


Hospital  Service. 


P.  R.  R.  emergency  box. 


Stretcher  service. 


General  orders. 


Cost  to  Pennsylvania 
System  during  1903. 


tions  arising  in  connection  with  all  manner  of  train  acci- 
dents. The  principal  subjects  discussed  are  the  following, 
viz.:  Shock,  Fracture,  Dislocations,  Hemorrhage,  Burns 
and  Scalds,  and  Wounds  in  general.  This  course  of 
lectures  was  started  on  October  1,  1904. 

There  has  been  adopted  a  standard  medicine  case, 
known  as  the   "P.  R.  R.   Emergency  Box." 

This  first-aid  emergency  box  is  placed  at  large  stations 
and  agencies,  with  full  instructions  as  to  the  use  of  its 
contents,  which,  in  a  general  way,  include  Medicines, 
Bandages  and  Plasters,  and  Surgical  Instruments.  The 
contents  of  each  box  comprehend  provision  for  immediate 
treatment  of  the  following  ailments,  viz. :  Colic,  Diarrhoea, 
Cramp  or  Flatulency;  Fever,  Flatulence,  and  Nausea; 
Flatulent  Colic  and  forming  stages  of  Cholera  Morbus; 
Headache,  Heartburn,  Acid  Stomach  or  Sick  Stomach; 
Coughs,  Colds,  Hoarseness,  Bronchitis,  and  Sore  Throat; 
Nervous  Headache,  Restlessness,  Sleeplessness,  or  other 
nervous  disturbance;  Inflamed  and  Bruised  Surfaces; 
Burns  and  Scalds;  Frost  Bites,  Bunions  and  Enlarged 
Joints;  Sore  Mouth  and  Gums;  Rheumatism,  Neuralgia, 
Sprains,  Bruises,  and  Chronic  Pains  on  any  part  of  the 
body ;  Hemorrhage  of  the  nose,  gums,  and  minor  cuts,  or 
where  a  Local  Styptic  can  be  used;  Sprains,  Contusions, 
and  Dislocations ;  Toilet  Lotion ;  removing  cinders  or  other 
matter   from   the  eye,  etc. 

There  is  also  in  operation  a  systematic  arrangement  for 
supplying  stretchers  to  all  baggage,  wrecking,  and  main- 
tenance of  way  cars. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  general  orders  have  been 
issued  requiring  the  giving  of  instructions  to  all  trainmen, 
and  others  concerned,  on  extending  first  aid  to  the 
injured. 

The  approximate  cost  to  the  Pennsylvania  System  East 
and  West  of  Pittsburgh,  for  hospital  service,  during  the 
year  ending  December  31,  1903,  was  $20,567.50,  made  up: 

Lines  East... $18,370.00 

Lines  West 2,197.50 

$20,567.50 


Hospital  Service. 


221 


Mexico. 


Inauguration. 


Cases  treated. 


Mexico. 

Mexican  Central  Railway. 

(3,154  miles;  18,730  employes.) 

Conducts    "Mexican   Central   Railway   Medical    Depart- 
ment," established  in  1883. 

Membership  at  end  of  1903,  18,730. 

Number    of    cases    treated    since   institution,    270,987; 
average  number  per  annum,  12,000. 


Character  of  service. 


Management. 


Financing. 


Contributions. 


National  Lines  of  Mexico. 

(3,228.19  miles;  16.00S  employes.) 

Conduct  a  combined  hospital  service  for  the  merged 
lines  constituting  the  s}^stem,  namely,  the  National  Rail- 
road Company  of  Mexico,  with  a  mileage  of  1,612.19  miles, 
the  Mexican  International  Railroad  Company,  with  a 
mileage  of  880  miles,  and  the  Interoceanic  Railway  of 
Mexico,  with  a  mileage  of  736  miles.  The  three  lines  were 
merged  early  in  year  1904,  and  the  hospital  service  originally 
conducted  by  each  line  was  consolidated  into  one  general 
service  known  as  the  "Combined  Hospital  Service." 

Affairs  of  the  service  are  conducted  by  a  Hospital  Board, 
consisting  of  ten  members,  chosen  from  the  officers  of  the 
three  lines. 

Maintained  by  contributions  from  employes  and  from 
the  several  railway  companies,  made  monthly. 

Contributions  by  employes  are  based  on  salary  received, 
and  are  deducted  on  pay-rolls  of  the  companies,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  following  scale: 


Monthly  Saiary 


$50  or  less 

Over  $50  and  less  than  $100 

$100  and  less  than  $200 

$200  and  less  than  $300 

$300  and  less  than  $400 

$400  and  less  than  $500 

$500  or  over 


Monthly 
Contribution 


$0.50 
0.75 
1.00 
2.00 
3.00 
4.00 
5.00 


222 


Hospital  Service. 


Character  of  service. 


Medical  and  surgical  attendance,  care,  and  maintenance 
furnished  free  of  charge.  Hospitals  are  located  at  termini 
and  elsewhere  on  the  lines;  climatic  conditions,  general 
surroundings,  convenience,  and  adaptability  all  being 
considered  when  determining  their  location. 


Railway  contribution. 


Each  of  the  three  lines  contributes  $150.00  monthly, 
Mexican  money  {the  dollar  of  Mexico  has,  under  the  coining 
rate  of  the  United  States  as  established  by  Act  of  Congress, 
March  3,  1873,  a  value  of  90  cents  and  9  mills),  or  a  total  of 
$450.00  a  month. 


Statistics. 


The  report  on  the  Hospital  Service  Fund  of  the  National 
Railroad  Company  of  Mexico  for  the  year  1903  shows  the 
receipts  during  the  year  amounted  to  $67,376.07,  and  the 
expenditure  to  $53,451.54,  the  cash  balance  on  hand  at 
the  close  of  the  year  having  been  $37,843.45.  Of  the 
receipts  the  Railroad  Company  contributed  $2,413.83, 
made  up: 

From  Railroad  Company  direct $1,800.00 

From  Railroad  Company  for  fines  col- 
lected from  employes 613.83 

The  total  expenditure  included  an  item  of  $4,117.77  for 
"Extraordinary  Expenses,"  such  as  replacements,  repairs, 
etc.  During  the  year  5,117  patients  were  treated,  at  an 
average  cost  per  patient  of  $9.64. 


Panama. 


Panama. 


Inauguration. 


Panama  Railroad. 

(50  miles;  1,972  employes.) 

"Panama  Railroad  Company's  Hospital,"  established 
about  1860. 

Managed  and  all  expenses  paid  by  Company. 

Medical  treatment  is  absolutely  necessary  on  the  Isthmus 
owing  to  the  prevalence  of  malarial  and  other  fevers. 


Hospital  Service. 


223 


Hawaii. 


Company  management. 


Sandwich  Islands. 

Oahu  Railway  &  Land  Company  (Hawaii). 

(72  miles;  400  employes.) 

Company  conducts  and  manages  hospital  service  for  its 
employes. 

Uniform  assessment  of  50  cents  per  month. 


Great  Britain. 


Great  Britain. 


Ambulance  classes. 


Great  Central  Railway. 

(468  miles;  20,181  employes.) 

No  regular  hospital  service  conducted  by  the  Company. 
A  system  of  ambulance  service  is  countenanced  and 
supported,  the  characteristics  of  which  correspond  with 
those  herein  announced  for  the  Great  Western  and  the 
London  &  North  Western  Railways  (vide  infra). 


Inauguration. 


Objects. 


Financing. 

Competitive  examinations. 


Great  Western  Railway. 

(2,711  miles;  64,699  employes.) 

Conducts  hospital  service  under  the  name  of  "Great 
Western  Railway  Centre  of  The  St.  John  Ambulance  Associa- 
tion (being  the  Ambulance  Department  of  The  Grand  Friary 
of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  in  England),"  estab- 
lished in  1896. 

The  purpose  of  the  plan  is  to  give  instruction  to  the 
Company's  servants  to  enable  them  to  render  "First  Aid" 
in  the  event  of  accident  to  passengers  or  to  their  fellow- 
employes  upon  the  railways. 

Maintained  wholly  by  the  Railway  Company. 

Competitive  exhibitions  given,  prizes  being  awarded  the 
winners,  the  basis  of  participation  being  "individual  work" 
and  "stretcher  teams  (of  five  men)." 


224 


Hospital  Service. 


Competitive  features. 


Individual  Work  :  Judged  in  one  or  more  of  the  follow- 
ing exercises,  viz.:  Artificial  Respiration  (Sylves- 
ter's and  Howard's  methods),  Bandaging,  Arresting 
Hemorrhage,  Hand-Seats.  Each  man  is  required 
to  treat  at  least  one  suppositional  case  of  injury 
comprehended  by  the  exercises  just  announced, 
and  to  submit  to  a  brief  oral  examination. 

Stretcher  Work  :  Four  men  required  to  treat  as  a 
patient  a  fifth,  whose  injuries  are  described  on  a 
label  affixed  to  his  clothing;  he  must  be  placed  on 
a  stretcher  of  Furley  (ordinary)  pattern,  carried  to  a 
given  point,  and  unloaded;  the  work  will  then  be 
inspected  by  the  judge. 


Examination  results. 


During  the  period  1888  to  1902,  inclusive,  6,518  members 
passed  the  first  examination,  2,806  the  second,  and  1,562 
the  third. 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(1,945*  miles;  82,835  employes.) 

Hospital  service  for  the  Company  will  be  divided  into 
two  heads,  namely: 

a. — Hospital  Service. 
b. — Ambulance  Classes. 


Hospital. 
Inauguration. 


a. — Hospital  Service. 

In  connection  with  the  Company's  Works  and  Services 
at  Crewe  (where  over  10,000  men  are  employed),  a  small 
hospital  was  established  in  1863. 


Service* 


The  hospital  deals  with  cases  of  accident  arising  in  the 
works  and  on  the  line,  there  being  no  public  institution 
of  the  kind  within  twenty  miles  of  the  place.  The  premises 
were  extended  from  time  to  time  until  in  1900  an  entirely 
new  hospital  was  built,  with  accommodation  for  sixteen 
in-patients. 


Hospital  Service. 


225 


Financing. 


Other  provision. 


Hospital  statistics. 


Ambulance. 
Original  features. 


Early  classes. 


Company  starts 
"first-aid"  instruction. 


Employes  do  not  contribute  toward  maintenance  of  the 
hospital,  nor  toward  their  own  maintenance  while  in- 
patients, and  they  have,  consequently,  no  voice  in  its 
management. 

There  is  no  other  hospital  of  the  kind  on  the  railway 
system.  At  a  few  of  the  large  centres  the  Company  has 
special  arrangements  with  local  medical  officers  for  the 
treatment  of  cases  of  accident;  but  generally  after  the 
first  medical  or  surgical  relief  in  urgent  cases  the  workmen 
have  to  procure  treatment  by  their  own  doctors  at  their 
own  expense. 

In  1902  there  were  150  in-patients  under  treatment 
3,466  days,  including  Sundays,  and  1,317  out-patients 
under  treatment  28,757  days,  excluding  Sundays.  Esti- 
mated dressings  or  acts  of  treatment  during  the  year  were 
10,904. 

b. — Ambulance  Classes. 

Ambulance  work,  in  a  general  way,  was  introduced  by 
the  Company  over  30  years  ago,  by  supplying  the  larger 
stations  with  certain  ambulance  appliances,  such  as  stretchers 
and  tourniquets,  but  equipment  of  the  kind  could  not  be 
prudently  increased  without  instructing  the  staff  in  their 
use. 

In  1878  ambulance  classes,  composed  of  the  staff, 
began  to  be  formed,  and  Company  surgeons  were,  as  far 
as  possible,  employed  as  lecturers,  "first-aid"  books  and 
bandages  being  supplied  to  members  at  Company  expense. 
These  materials  were  provided  by  the  St.  John  Ambulance 
Association  in  London  (vide  infra). 

Until  1890  formation  of  Company  classes  was  left  largely 
to  the  initiative  of  the  employes  themselves,  but  in  that 
year  the  Company  undertook  to  organize  "first-aid" 
instructions  from  headquarters,  and  the  work  has  been 
regularly  carried  on  since  that  date.     Classes  of  not  less 


226 


Hospital  Service. 


Staff  work  in  study. 


Practical  side  of  work. 


General  provision. 


than  30  members  are  constantly  being  promoted  in  different 
parts  of  the  line.  Books,  bandages,  and  small  anatomical 
diagrams,  etc.,  are  provided  for  each  member;  while 
stretchers,  splints,  lecturers'  diagrams,  etc.,  are  supplied 
for  class  use.  A  minimum  number  of  five  lectures,  each 
followed  by  instruction  in  practical  work  of  bandaging, 
arresting  hemorrhage,  methods  of  conveying  the  injured, 
etc.,  are  given  to  each  class.  At  conclusion  of  lectures  the 
St.  John  Ambulance  Association  instructs  one  of  its  ex- 
aminers to  examine  the  candidates  for  the  certificate  or 
medallion  of  the  Association. 

From  beginning  of  1897  to  December,  1903,  4,240  mem- 
bers of  Company's  staff  had  obtained  certificates,  and  of 
that  number  1,405  had  undergone  a  second  course  of  in- 
struction, while  654  had  passed  three  examinations  and 
had  been  awarded  the  Association  medallion.  In  addition, 
the  Company  supplies  a  watch-chain  badge  to  every 
member  obtaining  a  certificate,  and  the  whole  expense  for 
materials,  class  instruction,  examination,  awards,  etc.,  is 
borne  by  the  Company. 

The  practical  character  of  the  movement  is  shown  by 
the  fact  that  over  1,900  accidents,  attended  to  by  Company 
ambulance  members,  were  reported  during  1903. 

All  the  workshops,  larger  stations,  steam  sheds,  etc.,  are 
now  provided  with  stretchers  and  hampers  containing  all 
ambulance  requirements. 


Asia. 


Asia. 


Management. 


Eastern  Bengal  State  Railway  System. 

(1,003  miles.) 

Conducts  a  Medical  Department. 

Managed  and  maintained  exclusively  by  the  Railway 
administration;  9  hospitals  and  3  dispensaries;  conducted 
under  rules  of  Civil  Medical  Department  of  Government  of 
Bengal. 


Hospital  Service. 


227 


Officers. 


Attendance. 


The  officers  consist  of  a  Chief  Medical  Officer,  4  Civil 
Assistant  Surgeons,  5  Military  Assistant  Surgeons,  and 
13  Civil  Hospital  Assistants.  The  Chief  Medical  Officer 
is  appointed  by  the  Government  of  India,  and  the  others 
by  the  Inspector  General  of  Civil  Hospitals  for  Bengal, 
from  the  permanent  medical  staff  attached  to  the  Civil 
Medical  Department,  Bengal. 

Medical  and  surgical  attendance  furnished  free  of  charge, 
but  nurses  are  not  employed,  except  that  nurses  are  pro- 
vided by  the  Railway  administration  for  infectious  cases, 
when  employes  go  for  treatment  in  railway  hospitals. 
Patients  are  treated  until  they  recover  or  die. 


Cases  treated. 


Cases  attended  per  annum,  42,846. 


Distribution  of  employes. 


Management. 
Officers. 


East  Indian  Railway. 

(2,297  miles;  77,022  employes.) 

The  employes  have  the  following  numerical  distribution, 
viz. : 

Europeans - 1,512 

*Eurasians 956 

Natives 74,554 

Conducts  "East  Indian  Railway  Medical  Department," 
under  revised  rules  and  regulations  of  1896. 

Managed  and  maintained  wholly  by  Company. 

The  Department  is  under  the  supervision  of  the  Chief 
Medical  Officer,  with  headquarters  at  Allahabad,  who  has 
custody  of  the  Company's  medical  stores  in  addition  to 
charge  of  the  Allahabad  Medical  District.  He  makes  all 
appointments  and  dismissals,  transfers,  and  exchanges  of 
the  sanctioned  staff  of  the  Department  on  pay  not  exceed- 
ing rupees  250  a  month  each,  including  temporary  vacci- 
nators, also  remarks  on  all  recommendations  for  additions 
to  or  reductions  in  such  staff  when  forwarding  them  to  the 

*  A  cross-breed  between  a  European  and  an  Asiatic.  The  term  "  Eurasia"  is 
sometimes  used  as  a  name  for  Europe  and  Asia  conjoined. 


228 


Hospital  Service. 


Agent  of  the  Company.  All  applications  for  employment 
in  the  Department,  in  posts  the  pay  of  which  does  not 
exceed  rupees  250  a  month,  are  dealt  with  by  him;  and 
all  recommendations  for  increase  of  pay  under  the  rules  to 
employes  of  the  Department  must  be  forwarded  to  him, 
accompanied  by  a  statement  from  the  Medical  Officer  of 
the  district  or  the  civil  surgeon  under  whom  service  is 
rendered,  as  to  good  conduct,  efficiency,  etc.  The  Chief 
Medical  Officer  checks  and  countersigns  all  bills  for  con- 
tingent expenditure,  traveling  allowances,  and  conveyance 
hire,  as  well  as  bills  for  temporary  establishments  for 
hospitals,  dieting  charges,  etc.,  under  the  sanctioned  scale. 


Inauguration. 


Management. 


Officers. 


Attendance. 


Cases  treated. 


Great  Indian  Peninsula  Railway. 

(2,682.95  miles;  50,718  employes.) 

Conducts  7  hospitals  and  17  dispensaries;  first  hospital 
established  at  Bombay  in  1853,  now  known  as  the  Byculla 
Infirmary. 

Managed  and  maintained  wholly  by  Company,  except 
that  at  5  stations  the  Company  receives  "Grants  in  Aid" 
from  the  Government. 

The  regular  staff  of  officers  consists  of  1  Superintending 
Surgeon  and  5  District  Surgeons,  selected  and  appointed 
by  the  Home  Board,  and  1  Resident  House  Surgeon,  6 
Assistant  Surgeons,  9  Apothecaries,  and  7  Hospital  Assist- 
ants, selected  by  the  Superintending  Surgeon  and  appointed 
by  the  Agent  of  the  Company. 

Medical  and  surgical  attendance  furnished  free  at  the 
hospitals,  nursing  duties  being  performed  thereat  by  male 
attendants  (i.  e.,  ward  boys),  without  charge.  Employes 
are  charged  for  food  when  "  in-patients,"  conformably  with 
a  fixed  scale  of  rates  per  diem.  Treatment  continues  as 
long  as  necessary,  but  no  employe  is  allowed  to  remain 
in  the  Company's  hospital  or  any  other  hospital  at  Com- 
pany expense  more  than  three  months  without  the  special 
permission  of  the  Company's  Agent. 

Cases  attended  per  annum,  98,765. 


Hospital  Service. 


229 


Character  of  service. 


Officer. 

Financing. 

Road  administration. 


Oudh  &  Rohilkhand  Railway. 

(1,203  miles;  19,039  employes.) 

Conducts  a  Medical  Department,  with  apothecaries,  and 
employs  17  native  doctors  on  its  lines,  also  civil  surgeons 
at  important  stations,  the  latter  receiving  a  fixed  allowance 
from  the  Railway  for  attendance  on  employes.  There  are 
no  railway  hospitals,  but  9  dispensaries  are  conducted. 
Employes  make  no  contributions. 

The  Department  is  in  charge  of  a  Chief  Medical  Officer 
stationed  at  headquarters. 

Maintained  wholly  by  the  State. 

The  Railway  is  operated  under  State  control.  There  is 
no  real  difference  between  a  railway  in  India  as  operated 
by  State  agency  as  contrasted  with  a  line  worked  by  a 
company;  the  Manager  representing  the  Agent  on  a  com- 
pany's line,  and  the  Government  of  India  taking  the  place 
of  a  Board  of  Directors. 


Africa. 


Africa. 


Inauguration. 


Administration. 


Financing. 


Central  South  African  Railways. 

(1,374  miles;  25,556  employes.) 

Hospital  service  established  in  1901,  immediately  on 
Imperial  Military  authorities  taking  possession  of  the 
country.  It  is  a  departmental  section  of  the  Railway 
service. 

Controlled  by  medical  officers  according  to  defined 
districts,  under  the  general  supervision  of  a  Chief  Medical 
Officer  of  the  Railway,  and  subject  to  the  General  Manager 
of  the  Railways. 

Maintained  from  Railway  administration  funds,  but  it  is 
purposed  to  make  a  charge  on  behalf  of  wives  and  children 
of  employes. 


230 


Hospital  Service. 


Two  hospitals,  one  at  headquarters  and  one  at  Railway 
Camp  where  no  local  (public)  hospital  is  available;  the 
administration  making  arrangements  for  treatment  in 
public  hospitals  where  there  are  no  railway  hospitals. 


Attendance. 


Medical  and  surgical  attendance  free  in  connection  with 
actual  hospital  treatment.  Nurses  are  only  allowed  free 
of  charge  for  accidents  on  duty  through  no  fault  or  negli- 
gence of  the  injured  employe.  No  fixed  period  of  treat- 
ment, the  duration  thereof  being  dependent  upon  the 
patient's  ailment.  The  administration  makes  arrange- 
ments for  treatment  of  its  staff  in  public  hospitals  where 
no  railway  hospital  exists.  Employes  killed  in  perform- 
ance of  duties  and  deceased  employes  leaving  no  funds  for 
defrayal  of  burial  expenses  are  interred  at  the  cost  of  the 
administration. 


Cases  attended. 


During  the  six  months  ended  June  30,  1903,  there  were 
53,833  visits  made  by  professional  medical  staff  to  patients, 
in  addition  to  1,085  visits  over  sections  (or  districts)  of 
the  line. 


Expenditures. 


Expenditures  account  of    Medical  Department    for    the 
same  six  months  amounted  to  ,£29,340  Is.  9d. 


General. 


Natal  Government  Railways. 

(679  miles;  4,835  employes    Europeans.) 

There  are  several  hospitals  connected  with  the  Railways, 
but  these  are  provided  for  Indian  laborers  (a  condition  to 
their  indenture). 

There  are  no  hospitals  provided  for  the  European  staff, 
although  at  three  important  centres  special  terms  are 
allowed  to  members  of  the  Railway  staff  using  the  public 
hospitals.  For  instance,  at  the  Government  Hospital, 
Durban,  Railway  employes  are  charged  half  rates;  like- 
wise at  Grey's  Hospital,  Maritzburg;  at  the  Ladysmith 
Sanatorium  no  reduction  is  made  in  the  rates,  but  the 
Railway  Department  shares  the  expenses  with  the  patients. 


Hospital  Service. 


231 


Inauguration. 
Financing. 


Officers. 


Attendance. 


Cases  treated. 


Uganda  (Mombasa-Victoria)  Railway. 

(584  miles;  4,733  employes.) 

Hospital  service  established  in  1895. 

Maintained  and  managed  by  the  Government. 

Only  fee  paid  is  that  on  occasion  of  accouchement  of 
wives  of  employes. 

All  Government  employes  are  treated  alike,  whether 
railway  employes  or  not. 

The  medical  staff  is  that  of  the  British  East  Africa 
Protectorate,  and  they  attend  to  others  than  the  railway 
staff;  in  fact,  they  attend  to  railway  employes  as  a  part  of 
their  duties.  They  are  selected  by  the  Foreign  Office  in 
London,  England. 

Medical  and  surgical  attendance  and  nurses  are  furnished 
free  of  charge.  A  small  charge  is  made  per  diem  for  a  room 
in  hospital,  to  cover  cost  of  food,  washing,  etc. 

Average  number  of  cases  treated  per  annum,  1,400. 


E. — Savings  Funds. 


America. 


United  States. 
Features. 


United  States. 


Inauguration. 
Objects. 


Number  depositors. 
Disbursements. 

Deposits. 


Lines  East. 
Inauguration. 


These  savings  institutions  are  conducted  by  railways 
to  receive  such  small  sums  as  may  be  saved  by  their 
employes,  and  sometimes  certain  members  of  their  families, 
and  to  invest  and  manage  the  same  for  the  benefit  of  the 
depositors,  thus  encouraging  habits  of  prudence,  thrift, 
and  economy  among  them,  and  enabling  them  to  make 
provision  against  accident,  sickness,  old  age,  and  death. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  System. 

(4,410  miles;  55,688  employes.) 

Conducts  the  "Savings  Feature  of  the  Relief  Department," 
established  August  1,  1882,  which  affords  opportunity  to 
employes  and  their  near  relatives  to  deposit  their  savings 
and  earn  interest  thereon,  and  also  enables  employes  to 
borrow  money  at  moderate  rate  of  interest  and  on  easy 
terms  of  repayment,  for  the  purpose  of  acquiring  and  im- 
proving a  homestead  or  freeing  it  from  debt. 

Number  of  depositors  at  end  of  1903  was  4,354. 

Total  disbursements  to  depositors  since  inauguration, 
representing  withdrawals,  $3,625,664.41. 

Total  of  deposits  since  institution,  made  up  of  deposits, 
interest  thereon,  and  dividends  allowed,  $6,183,807.32; 
dividends  allowed  amounted  to  $185,282.64,  or  an  average 
annual  dividend  payment  from  1890  to  1903,  a  period  of 
fourteen  years,  of  1£  per  centum,  making  an  average  of  5£ 
per  centum  paid  depositors  on  their  savings  in  the  fourteen 
years. 

Pennsylvania  System  East  and  West  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

(10,913.89  miles;  172,024  employes.) 

Lines  East. 

"The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Employes'  Saving  Fund" 
established  January  2,  18SS. 
(233) 


234 


Savings  Funds. 


Administration. 


Conducted  as  a  separate  department  of  the  Company,  in 
charge  of  a  Superintendent,  and  operated  under  the  super- 
vision of  a  Board  of  Trustees,  three  in  number,  the  members 
of  which  are  directors  or  officers  of  the  Company. 


Company  responsibility. 


Company  is  custodian  of  all  moneys  and  securities  belong- 
ing to  the  Fund,  and  holds  itself  responsible  for  the  proper 
return  of  all  securities  in  which  Fund  surplus  is  invested, 
as  well  as  return  of  deposits,  together  with  a  fixed  rate  of 
interest,  which  at  the  present  time  is  3^  per  centum  per 
annum;  and  also  defrays  operating  expenditures,  at  the 
present  time  amounting  annually  to  about  $8,000. 


Change  in  rate  of  interest 
allowance. 


Fund  regulations  provide  that  no  change  shall  be  made 
in  the  rate  of  interest  allowed  on  deposits  without  six 
months'  previous  notice  to  depositors,  thus  insuring  against 
sudden  fluctuations  in  the  earning  power  of  savings. 


Participation. 


Any  employe  in  the  service  whose  regular  pay  does  not 
exceed  $300  per  month  may  become  a  depositor  on  making 
application  to  one  of  the  designated  depositaries  (usually 
freight  and  passenger  agents). 


Maximum  deposit. 


No  employe  permitted  to  carry  a  balance  in  excess  of 
),000,  nor  to  deposit  more  than  $100  in  any  one  month. 


Deposit  procedure. 


Deposit  books  must  be  taken  to  depositary  each  time  a 
deposit  is  made,  that  the  transaction  may  be  regularly 
entered  therein.  Depositaries  are  supplied  with  duplex 
tickets,  one  of  which  must  be  used  to  report  every  deposit 
received,  and  the  other  (colored)  ticket  given  to  depositor, 
who  personally  sends  it  to  the  Fund  Superintendent  in  an 
envelope  furnished  for  the  purpose.  These  duplex  Savings 
Fund  tickets  serve  as  an  accounting  check  and  safeguard 
for  deposits,  and  in  that  respect  correspond  with  the 
service  performed  by  the  "duplex  cash  fare  slip,"  some- 


Savings  Funds. 


235 


times  styled  "duplex  memoranda,"  used  by  train  con- 
ductors, which  is  in  two  parts  folded  together  so  that 
one  punching  or  cancellation  answers  for  both. 


Return  of  deposits. 


The  Board,  on  giving  thirty  days'  notice,  may  order  the 
return  of  any  deposit  with  accrued  interest. 


Account  closed  on 
leaving  the  service. 


The  Fund  is  intended  for  the  benefit  of  employes,  and 
deposits  will  be  received  from  them  only  while  so  employed. 
When  depositors  sever  their  connection  with  the  service, 
their  accounts  with  the  Fund  are  closed  within  thirty  days 
thereafter,  and  interest  will  not  be  allowed  after  expiration 
of  that  period. 


Withdrawals. 


Withdrawals  call  for  ten  days'  notice  to  Superintendent, 
in  form  of  withdrawal  notice  obtainable  from  depositaries, 
which  notice,  with  depositor's  book,  is  forwarded  by  depos- 
itary to  Superintendent,  the  depositor  being  given  a  receipt 
for  deposit  book.  On  receipt  of  withdrawal  notice  and 
deposit  book,  the  Superintendent  enters  the  amount  to  be 
withdrawn  in  the  book,  deducting  such  amount  from  sum 
on  deposit,  to  show  balance  after  such  withdrawal;  Super- 
intendent then  prepares  and  signs  an  order  on  Treasurer 
for  amount  to  be  withdrawn,  which,  after  being  approved 
for  payment  by  the  Comptroller  or  Assistant  Comptroller, 
is  forwarded,  with  deposit  book,  to  depositary  designated 
on  the  order,  and  can  be  obtained  by  depositor  on  surren- 
dering the  receipt  given  him  when  his  book  was  originally 
forwarded  to  the  Superintendent. 


Lines  West. 


Lines  West. 


Inauguration 


General  practice  corresponds  with  that  above  outlined 
for  the  Lines  East.  Savings  feature  established  January 
2,  1903,  and  fund  known  as  "Employes'  Saving  Fund  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Lines  West  of  Pittsburgh,"  being  in 
charge  of  and  conducted  by  the  "Pennsylvania  Company." 


236 


Savings  Funds. 


System  statistics. 


Lines  East  and  West. 


Receipts,  East  and  West. 


Disbursements, 
East  and  West. 


Fund  total. 


Interest. 


Due  depositors. 


Balance. 


For  the  Year  1903 

Lines  East 

Lines  West 

Receipts. 

Balance  on  hand  De- 
cember 31,  1902 

$3,408,250.50 
1,260,229.50 

111,799.44 

26,041.66 

8,417.93 

Deposits 

$188,472.00 

Interest  on  securities 
and  cash  balances... 

Accrued    interest    on 
securities 

1,199.51 

2,058.31 

Operating      expenses 
contributed  by  com- 
panies  

4,537.76 

Disbursements. 

Withdrawals 

Operating  expenses.... 

$796,204.22 
8,417.93 

$21,219.35 
4,537.76 

General. 

Total    amount    of 
fund     December 
31,  1903 

$4,010,116.88 

$170,510.47 

Interest   allowed   de- 
positors at  3£% 

127,587.09 

2,813.97 

Amount    due    depos- 
itors Dec.  31,1903. 

3,992,729.34 

170,066.62 

Balance  on  hand  De- 
cember 31,  1903 

17,387.54 

443.85 

Statistics  for  period  since  Fund  establishment  to  December 

31,  1903. 


Statistics  for  full 
fund  period. 


Lines  East. 

Number  of  applications  for  deposit 

books 20,133 

Deposits $9,334,945.08 

Withdrawals 6,400,892.71 

Interest  allowed  depositors 1,058,676.97 


Savings  Funds. 


237 


Assets  for  Lines 
East  and  West. 


Assets 

Lines  Hast 

Lines  West 

Investment     in     ap- 
proved securities .... 

Cash  on  deposit  with 
CompanyTreasurer 

Amount  due  bv  Agts. 
Dec.  31,  1903  

$3,800,000.00 

196,707.88 

9,248.00 

26,041.66 

$151,870.00 

2,148.09 

14,832.00 

Accrued    interest    to 
Dec.  31,  1903 

2,058.31 

Less  outstanding  or- 
ders on  Treasurer ... 

$4,031,997.54 
21,880.66 

$170,908.40 
397.93 

$4,010,116.88 

$170,510.47 

Depositors, 
East  and  West. 


Depositaries, 
East  and  West. 


Per  capita  balances. 
East  and  West. 


Statistical  recapitulation. 


Number  of  depositors  December  31,  1903: 

Lines  East... -9,494 

Lines  West 959 

Number  of  depositaries  December  31,  1903: 

Lines  East 1,102 

Lines  West 648 

Average  balance  to  each  depositor's  credit  at  end  of  1903 : 

Lines   East $420.55 

Lines  West 177.53 

Statistical    Recapitulation    for    Railway    Saving    Funds    in 
United  States. 

The  combined  total  of  depositors  for  the  three  railways 
above  discussed  as  of  December  31,  1903,  was  14,807  and 
depositaries  1,895,  the  deposits  and  withdrawals  since 
organization  having  aggregated  respectively  $14,877,724.99 
and  $10,047,776.47. 


238 


Savings  Funds. 


Great  Britain. 
General  features. 


Inauguration. 


Members. 


Deposits. 


Withdrawals. 


Inauguration. 


Inauguration. 

Deposits. 

Withdrawals. 


Inauguration. 
Members. 
Deposits. 
Withdrawals. 


Great  Britain. 

The  English  railway  savings  banks  are  conducted  as  to 
detail  in  very  much  the  same  manner  as  those  in  the  United 
States.  The  minimum  deposit  is  about  Id.,  and  the  maxi- 
mum ,£5,000.     Interest  is  paid  at  an  average  rate  of  3^  per 

centum  per  annum. 

Great  Central  Railway. 

(468  miles;  20,181  employes.) 

Great  Central  Railway  Provident  Savings  Bank,  estab- 
lished in  1860. 

Number  of  depositors,  5,782. 

Deposits  since  establishment,  £1, 749,514. 

Withdrawals  since  establishment,  £1,331,265. 

Great  Eastern  Railway. 

(1,182.5  miles.) 

Established  about  1890.  Managed  and  controlled  by 
Railway  Company. 

Great  Northern  Railway. 

(939  miles.) 

Established  in  1897. 
Deposits  during  1903,  £33,701  7s.  5d. 
Withdrawals  during  1903,  £27,506  14s.  6d. 
Great  Western  Railway. 

(2,711  miles;  64,699  employes.) 

Established  January  1,  1892. 

Number  of  depositors,  3,888. 

Deposits  since  institution,  £354,943  18s.  Od. 

Withdrawals  since  institution,  £182,348  6s.  8d. 


Savings  Funds. 


239 


Inauguration. 

Deposits. 

Withdrawals. 


Inauguration. 

Number  depositors. 
Number  depositories. 
Amount  of  deoosits. 


Company  responsibility. 


Family  depositors. 


Interest. 


Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway. 

(571.5  miles;  35,250  employes.) 

Established  in  1882. 

Deposits  since  establishment,  ,£590,885  15s.  5d. 

Withdrawals  since  establishment,  £340,688  lis.  Id. 

London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(1,945*  miles;  82,835  employes.) 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  Savings  Bank,  estab- 
lished January  1,  1895. 

Number  of  depositors  December  31,  1903,  6,386. 

Number  of  depositories,  about  1,000. 

Deposits  received  in  amounts  of  Is.  and  in  multiples 
of  Is.,  and  not  more  than  ,£50  can  be  deposited  upon  a 
single  account  in  any  one  year.  Depositors  wishing,  under 
special  circumstances,  to  pay  in  more  than  £50  in  any  one 
year,  are  required  to  state  their  case  in  writing  to  Secretary 
of  the  Company,  who  will  notify  of  the  Company's  decision 
in  the  matter  in  due  course. 

All  deposits  made  with  the  bank  are  handed  over  to  the 
Company,  which  receives  same  and  guarantees  repayment 
thereof  and  of  any  interest  that  may  be  due  thereon;  the 
Company  being  entirely  responsible  for  all  deposits,  for 
the  interest,  and  for  cost  of  operations. 

Wives  and  children  (latter  under  age  16)  of  employes  are 
privileged  to  make  deposits  in  bank. 

Interest  at  rate  of  3^  per  centum  per  annum  on  sums  up 
to  .£500,  and  2\  per  centum  on  sums  in  excess  of  £500,  is 
allowed,  and  calculated  from  first  day  of  calendar  month 
next  following  the  day  on  which  £1  has  been  deposited  or 
completed,  up  to  last  day  of  calendar  month  preceding 
day  on  which  notice  of  withdrawal  has  been  given.  Interest 
not  allowed  on  fractions  of  £1. 


240 


Savings  Funds. 


Deposits. 


Withdrawals. 


Balances. 


Inauguration. 


Inauguration. 
Members. 
Deposits. 
Withdrawals. 

Inauguration. 
Members. 
Deposits. 
Withdrawals. 


Inauguration. 


Total  deposits  since  establishment  to  December  31, 
1903,  £843,713  17s.  Id. 

Deposits  during  1903,  £88,840. 

Total  disbursements  to  depositors  since  establishment 
to  December  31,  1903,  £391,147  17s.  Od. 

Withdrawals  during  1903,  £72,363  18s.  lid. 

Balance  standing  to  credit  of  6,386  open  accounts, 
December  31,  1903,  £551,611  Is.  lid.,  or  an  average  credit 
of  £86  for  each  open  account. 

London  &  South  Western  Railway. 

(1,009  miles;  25,000  employes.) 

Established  under  authority  of  Various  Powers  Act  of 
1876  of  South  Western  Railway. 

North  British  Railway. 

(1,442  miles;  22,000  employes.) 

Established  February  1,  1878. 
Number  of  depositors  January  31,  1904,  2,982. 
Deposits  since  institution,  £1,473,284  19s.  5d. 
Withdrawals  since  institution,  £1,230,193  9s.  7d. 
North  Eastern  Railway. 

(1,669.5  miles;  51,356  employes.)  * 

Established  in  1860. 
Number  of  depositors,  9,932. 
Deposits  since  institution,  £1,579,593  Is.  Od. 
Withdrawals  since  institution,  £1,158,618  6s.  2d. 
Tafj  Vale  Railway. 

(124.25  miles;  4,386  employes.) 

Established  in  August,  1895. 

*  Represents  number  of  employes  as  of  December  31,  1902. 


Savings  Funds. 


241 


Members. 
Deposits. 
Withdrawals. 
Asia. 


Number  of  depositors,  310. 

Deposits  during  1902  amounted  to  £3,005  9s.  5d. 
Withdrawals  during  1902  amounted  to  £1,663  3s.  2d. 
Asia. 


Inauguration. 


Management. 


Minimum  and 
maximum  deposits 


Interest. 


Acts  as  agent  for  depositors. 


East  Indian  Railway. 

(2,297  miles;  77,022  employes.) 

Savings  Bank  established  under  regulations  made  by 
Secretary  of  State  for  India,  pursuant  to  provisions  of  East 
Indian  Railway  Company  Purchase  Act  of  1879,  and 
stvled  the  "East  Indian  Railway  Savings  Bank." 

Management  and  control  vested  in  the  Agent  and  the 
Chief  Auditor  of  the  Company,  at  Calcutta. 

Minimum  deposit  1  rupee;  maximum  in  any  year  cannot 
exceed  500  rupees;  and  maximum  amount  on  deposit  to 
credit  of  depositor  cannot  exceed  1,000  rupees. 

Interest  allowed  on  deposits  at  rate  of  3£  per  centum  per 
annum. 

Depositors  may  purchase  Government  securities  through 
the  Bank,  and  the  institution  also  acts  as  agent  for  sale  of 
such  securities,  charging  small  fees  for  the  service. 

Managerial  expenses  are  paid  out  of  and  are  a  charge  on 
interest  returns  on  investments. 


Government  Savings  Bank. 


Africa. 
Natal  Government  Railways. 

(679  miles;  4,835  employes,   Europeans.)* 

The  Natal  Government  Savings  Bank  is  the  only  institu- 
tion of  the  kind  in  the  Colony.  The  Railway  Department 
gives  every  facility  to  the  employes  to  make  use  of  the  Bank, 
by  deducting  any  amounts  desired  from  the  pay-bills  and 

*  Note. — The  first  railway  introduced  in  Africa  was  the  two-mile  line  in  Natal, 
extending  from  the  Point  to  the  town  of  Durban,  opened  in  1860. 


242 


Savings  Funds. 


Deposits. 


Minimum  and  maximum 
deposit. 


Deposit  procedure. 


Repayment. 


Deposits  by  Europeans. 


then  forwarding  same  to  the  Bank  authorities,  by  whom  all 
the  accounts  are  kept,  and  who  forward  the  deposit-book 
back  direct  to  the  depositor.  The  Railway  Department 
never  sees  the  depositor's  bank-book,  it  being  sent  direct  to 
the  Bank,  and  returned  by  that  institution  in  like  manner. 

Deposits  are  received  at  the  office  of  the  Controller  of 
the  Savings  Bank,  Pietermaritzburg,  and  at  the  offices  of 
designated  Magistrates  situated  in  various  parts  of  the 
Colony. 

No  deposit  of  less  than  2s.  will  be  accepted,  nor  will  more 
than  £25  be  received  on  any  one  day.  Only  one  deposit 
will  be  received  on  any  one  day. 

Declaration  made  and  signed  by  depositor  on  making  first 
deposit,  announcing  willingness  to  comply  with  Bank  rules. 
Pass-book  provided  each  depositor,  which  must  be  produced 
on  making  or  withdrawing  any  deposit,  the  amount  of  which 
is  inscribed  in  words  at  length,  and  attested  by  Receiving 
Officer.  Deposits  or  withdrawals  may  be  made  at  any 
branch  of  the  Bank  after  an  account  has  been  opened. 
Depositors  are  prohibited  from  having  more  than  one 
account  open  in  their  own  names.  Deposits  may,  under 
prescribed  conditions,  be  made  in  trust  for  other  persons. 

Where  repayment  is  desired,  application  therefor  is  made 
to  Controller  of  Savings  Bank,  or  at  any  branch  office,  on 
special  form,  the  pass-book  being  produced  at  same  time. 

Immediate  repayment  of  any  sum  not  exceeding  £20  may 
be  had  in  Maritzburg  on  payment  of  a  fee  of  Is. 

Authority  for  repayment  of  any  sum  not  exceeding  £20 
may  be  procured  by  telegraph  at  a  charge  of  2s.  to  cover 
cost  of  telegram  to  the  head  office,  and  the  reply  thereto. 

In  the  case  of  deposits  by  Europeans,  the  following  par- 
ticulars are  given : 

a. — Depositor's  name  in  full. 
b. — Occupation. 
c. — Residence. 


Savings  Funds. 


243 


Deposits  by  Natives. 


Deposits  by  Indentured 
Indians. 


Interest. 


Yearly  addition  of  interest. 


Railway  Department 
instructions. 


In  case  of  deposits  by  Natives,  the  name  of  depositor's 
father  and  tribe,  and  that  of  the  Chief  under  whom  he  lives, 
or  last  lived,  is  inserted,  as  well  as  the  name  and  present 
residence  of  the  depositor. 

In  case  of  deposits  by  Indentured  Indians,  the  Indian's 
number,  as  well  as  name,  must  be  inscribed  on  the  pass-book 
and  entered  in  the  ledger. 

Interest  payable  to  depositors  is  at  the  rate  of  three 
pounds  and  fifteen  shillings  per  centum  per  annum,  or  such 
other  rate  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  decided  upon  by  the 
Governor  in  Council,  on  every  complete  pound  deposited, 
and  is  computed  from  the  first  day  of  the  calendar  month 
next  following  the  day  on  which  a  complete  pound  shall 
have  been  deposited,  or  on  which  deposits  of  a  less  amount 
shall  have  made  up  a  complete  pound  up  to  first  day  of 
calendar  month  in  which  moneys  are  withdrawn.  No 
interest  allowed  on  any  larger  sum  than  ,£100. 

Pass-books  must  be  forwarded  to  Controller  of  Savings 
Bank,  Maritzburg,  once  in  each  year  on  the  anniversary  day 
on  which  the  account  was  opened,  in  order  that  they  may  be 
compared  with  the  books  of  the  Department,  and  the  in- 
terest due  to  the  previous  30th  June  inserted. 

The  Railway  Department  has  issued  special  instructions 
to  employes  as  to  procedure  to  be  observed  in  making 
deposits  and  withdrawals,  and  the  General  Manager  recom- 
mends the  members  of  the  staff  generally  to  make  the  fullest 
use  of  the  facility  the  Government  has  granted,  with  the 
view  of  assisting  them  to  cultivate  habits  of  thrift. 


F. — Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Purchasing  Scheme. 


America. 


United  States. 


United  States. 


Investment  plan. 


Objects. 


Company  retains  stock. 


Basis. 


Certificates  issued  against 
shares. 

Participation. 


Withdrawals. 


Great  Northern  Railway  Company. 

(5,599  miles  ;  29,761  employes.) 

The  Company  conducts  a  plan,  effective  June  1,  1900, 
somewhat  similar  to  that  in  vogue  with  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  Company  (vide  infra),  to  provide  for  the  invest- 
ments of  employes. 

The  object  of  the  plan,  as  set  forth  in  circular  issued  by 
President  of  the  Railway  Company  under  date  of  May  1, 
1900,  is  to  give  the  Company's  old  and  faithful  employes 
opportunity  to  invest  their  savings  in  a  manner  which  will 
allow  them  to  benefit  through  the  Company's  dividends, 
and  by  that  means  provide  for  them  a  safe  investment  and 
enable  them  to  share  in  the  Company's  prosperity. 

It  does  not  involve  either  a  gift  or  a  sale  of  stock  to 
employes. 

As  now  conducted,  the  plan  was  based  on  the  setting 
aside,  originally,  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Railway 
Company  of  ten  thousand  (10,000)  shares  of  stock,  with  a 
par  value  of  $100  each,  or  an  aggregate  value  of  $1,000,000, 
to  be  handled  by  a  company  known  as  "  The  Great  North- 
ern Employes'  Investment  Association,  Limited." 

Certificates  are  issued  against  these  shares,  in  multiples 
of  $10.     (See  form  of  Certificate,  infra.) 

Any  employe,  excepting  day  laborers,  may  buy  $10  worth 
and  upward  of  these  certificates,  provided  he  has  been  in 
the  employ  of  the  Railway  Company  for  a  period  of  three 
(3)  years  and  does  not  receive  over  $3,000  pay,  the  maximum 
total  amount  for  which  an  employe  may  subscribe  being 
$5,000. 

Employes  holding  certificates  are  privileged  to  withdraw 
at    any   time,   receiving   the   full   amount   and   dividends 
accrued  at  that  date. 
(245) 


246 


Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Purchasing  Scheme. 


Dividend  payments. 


Status  of  ownership. 


Net  investment  for 
employes. 


Value  of  outstanding 
certificates. 


The  Company  guarantees  payment  of  6  per  centum 
interest  on  certificates  taken  out  between  dividend  dates, 
from  the  date  of  such  certificates  to  the  next  ensuing 
dividend  date ;  and  also  guarantees  the  same  rate  of  interest 
on  certificates  redeemed  from  the  last  dividend  date  to  the 
date  of  such  redemption.  Between  dividend  dates,  it  is 
guaranteed  that  the  certificate-holder  shall  receive  the 
same  percentage  as  interest  on  his  certificate  as  the  Com- 
pany pays  in  dividends  on  its  stock.  Interest  on  the 
principal  of  certificate  is  paid  by  the  Investment  Company 
in  the  form  of  quarterly  dividend  payments. 

Investment  Company  holds  the  shares  of  stock  in  trust 
for  the  purpose  of  receiving  dividends  earned  and  declared 
thereon,  and  of  paying  the  amount  of  such  dividends 
received  by  it  to  employes  of  the  Railway  Company  holding 
specially  designed  and  duly  registered  certificates  issued 
by  the  Investment  Company  against  such  shares  of  stock; 
such  certificates  not  being  assignable  or  transferable,  either 
absolutely  or  as  security.  The  certificate-holder  is  not 
liable  for  any  assessment  upon  or  obligation  growing  out  of 
the  ownership  of  stock  of  the  Railway  Company.  The 
Investment  Company  may  at  any  time  serve  notice  upon 
the  registered  holder  of  a  certificate,  requiring  its  surrender 
for  redemption. 

Investment  Company  makes  no  charge  to  certificate- 
holders  on  account  of  any  service,  cost,  or  expense  growing 
out  of,  incidental  to,  or  connected  with,  the  performance 
of  the  contract.  The  Railway  Company,  in  consideration 
of  the  benefits  that  accrue  to  employes  who  make  invest- 
ments in  certificates,  as  indicated,  assumes  payment  of 
all  charges  connected  with  the  administration  of  the  trust, 
in  order  that  the  employes  may  receive  the  same  rate  and 
proportion  of  dividends  upon  investments  in  certificates 
issued  as  aforesaid  as  they  would  receive  were  they  owners  of 
a  like  amount  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  Railway  Company. 

At  the  close  of  October,  1904,  there  were  outstanding 
investment  certificates  worth  about  $710,000,  and  this 
amount,  it  is  stated,  is  gradually  increasing. 


Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Purchasing  Scheme.  247 

* 

[Form  or  Investment  Certificate.] 
GREAT  NORTHERN  EMPLOYES'  INVESTMENT  COMPANY,  Limited. 

INVESTMENT    CERTIFICATE. 

$ o No 

THIS    CERTIFIES    That    the    GREAT    NORTHERN    EMPLOYES'    INVESTMENT    COMPANY, 

LIMITED,  hereinafter  called  the  "Company,"  has  received  from ' 

an  employe  of  one  of  the  railwav  companies  named  in  paragraph  one  hereof 

dollars! 

in   trust  and  subject  to  conditions  as  follows: 

1.  The  Company  has  authority  and  right  to  subscribe  for  and  receive  a  transfer  of  ten  thousand  (10,000) 
shares  of  One  Hundred  Dollars  ($100)  each  of  the  Capital  Stock  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company.  It 
has  received,  and  now  holds,  shares  of  said  stock  to  an  amount  equal  to  the  amount  of  this  certificate,  and  to 
all  outstanding  similar  certificates  heretofore  issued  by  it  to  employes  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company, 
the  Eastern  Railway  Company  of  Minnesota,  the  Montana  Central  Railway  Company,  the  Willmar  &  Sioux  Falls 
Railway  Company  and  the  Duluth,  Watertown  &  Pacific  Railway  Company. 

2.  The  Company  holds  such  shares  in  trust  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  dividends  earned  and  declared 
thereon,  and  of  paying  the  amount  of  such  dividends  received  by  it  to  employes  of  the  said  Railway  Companies 
holding  such  certificates,  as  provided  in  the  next  paragraph  hereof. 

3.  The  Company  will  pay  to  the  holder  of  this  certificate,  interest  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent  per  annum, 
upon  the  principal  thereof,  from  the  date  of  its  issue  until  the  first  subsequent  dividend  date  of  the  Great  Northern 
Railway  Company;  and  after  each  dividend  date  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company  subsequent  to  said 
first  one,  the  Company  will  pay  to  the  holder  of  this  certificate,  out  of  dividends  received  by  it,  an  amount  per 
dollar  of  said  principal  equal  to  the  dividend  per  dollar  paid  to  it  by  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company  upon 
the  said  shares  held  by  this  company  in  trust. 

4.  The  Company  will  keep  a  register  in  which  it  will  enter  the  name  of  each  employe  of  the  several  railway 
companies  named  in  paragraph  one  hereof,  to  whom  it  has  issued  investment  certificates,  the  post  office  address 
of  such  employe,'  as  given  to  it  by  such  employe,  and  the  number  and  amount  of  such  certificate. 

5.  Certificates  are  not  assignable  or  transferable,  either  absolutely  or  as  security. 

6.  The  Company  will  make  payment  of  interest  or  dividends,  as  stated  in  paragraph  3  of  this  certificate, 
to  the  registered  holder  thereof,  at  its  office  in  Saint  Paul,  upon  presentation  of  the  certificate,  or  by  check,  mailed, 
postpaid,  to  such  holder,  at  his  post  office  address,  as  shown  by  the  register  kept  by  the  Company. 

7.  The  registered  holder  of  this  certificate  may  at  any  time,  upon  written  notice  to  this  Company,  demand 
redemption  of  this  certificate  and  repayment  of  the  amount  of  the  principal  thereof.  At  any  time  after  ten  (10) 
days  from  receipt  of  such  notice  by  the  Company,  it  will,  upon  presentation  and  surrender  of  this  certificate, 
pay  to  the  registered  holder  thereof  the  principal  thereof,  together  with  all  declared  and  payable,  but  unpaid, 
dividends  thereon.  If  the  date  fixed  for  redemption  is  not  a  regular  dividend  date,  then  the  Company  will  pay 
the  principal  of  this  certificate,  together  with  interest  at  six  per  cent  per  annum  thereon  from  the  then  last  prior 
dividend  date  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company. 

8.  The  Company  may  at  any  time  serve  written  notice  upon  the  registered  holder  of  this  certificate,  requir- 
ing its  surrender  for  redemption.  Such  notice  may  be  delivered  to  such  holder,  or  mailed  to  him  postpaid,  directed 
to  his  post  office  address  as  shown  by  the  register  of  the  Company.  Such  notice  shall  state  a  time  and  place 
for  the  surrender  of  the  certificate  for  redemption,  which  time  shall  be  not  less  than  fifteen  (15)  days  from  the 
date  of  the  service  or  mailing  of  the  notice.  Upon  presentation  and  surrender  of  the  certificate  for  redemption 
pursuant  to  such  demand,  and  within  the  time  fixed  therein,  this  Company  will  pay  to  the  registered  holder  of 
such  certificate  the  amount  of  the  principal  thereof,  together  with  accrued,  payable  and  unpaid  dividends;  and 
if  the  date  fixed  for  such  surrender  be  subsequent  to  a  regular  dividend  date,  then  the  Company  also  agrees  to 
pay  interest  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent  per  annum  upon  the  said  principal  from  the  last  prior  dividend  date  to 
the  date  fixed  in  said  demand  for  the  surrender  of  such  certificate. 

9.  If  the  holder  of  this  certificate  fails  to  surrender  it  for  redemption  upon  demand  of  the  Investment  Com- 
pany, the  Company  will  retain  the  amount  then  payable  thereon,  and  will  account  therefor  and  pay  the  same  to 
the  registered  holder  of  such  certificate  upon  its  surrender  for  redemption,  but  will  not  pay  or  be  chargeable  with 
the  interest  or  dividends  accruing  thereon  after  the  date  fixed  for  redemption  in  said  notice. 

10.  Should  this  certificate  be  lost  or  destroyed  the  Investment  Company  will,  upon  satisfactory  proof  of 
such  loss  or  destruction,  and  upon  the  execution  and  delivery  to  it  of  a  satisfactory  bond  or  undertaking,  executed 
by  responsible  parties,  indemnifying  it  against  any  claim,  cost  or  loss,  growing  out  of  the  issue  of  such  certificate, 
pay  the  amount  thereof  to  the  owner  as  shown  upon  the  register  of  the  Company  at  the  time  of  such  loss  or 
destruction. 

1 1 .  The  holder  of  this  certificate  will  not  be  liable  for  any  assessment  upon  or  obligation  growing  out  of 
the  ownership  stock  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company,  and  will  have  no  interest  in  said  stock,  but  will 
have  the  right  to  share  in  dividends  earned,  declared  and  paid  to  the  Investment  Company  thereon,  as  herein 
provided. 

12.  The  names  and  post  office  addresses  of  all  executors  or  administrators  of  the  estates  of  deceased  holders 
of  outstanding  certificates  must  be  given  to  this  Company  to  be  entered  by  it  in  its  register,  and  certified  copy 
of  letters  or  orders  appointing  administrators  or  executors  must  be  filed  with  it.  Thereafter,  pending  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  estate,  all  notices  and  checks  may  be  mailed,  postpaid,  to  such  executor  or  administrator,  at  his 
address,  as  shown  upon  the  register  of  the  Company. 

13.  The  Investment  Company  agrees  that  it  will,  in  good  faith,  keep  the  conditions  of  this  certificate,  and 
perform  the  duties  of  its  trust,  and  that  it  will  not  assign  or  transfer  shares  of  capital  stock  of  the  Great  Northern 
Railway  Company  held  by  it  in  trust,  and  will  make  no  charge  to  the  holder  of  this  certificate  on  account  of  any 
service,  cost  or  expense,  growing  out  of,  incidental  to,  or  connected  with,  the  performance  of  this  contract. 

14.  The  Great  Northern  Railway  Company,  in  consideration  of  the  benefits  that  will  accrue  to  the  said 
employes  who  may  desire  to  invest  with  this  Company,  for  the  purposes  herein  set  forth,  has  assumed  the  payment 
of  all  charges  connected  with  the  administration  of  the  trust,  in  order  that  the  said  employes  may  receive  the  same 
rate  and  proportion  of  dividends  upon  investment  certificates  issued  by  this  Company  as  they  would  receive  had 
they  become  owners  of  a  like  amount  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company. 

Given   at  Saint   Paul,   Minnesota,   on   the day  of 1900. 

GREAT  NORTHERN  EMPLOYES'  INVESTMENT  COMPANY,  Limited, 

By 

Chairman. 

Attest: 

Secretary. 


248 


Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Purchasing  Scheme. 


Inauguration. 
Objects. 


Stock  quotation. 


One  share  at  a  time. 


Share  certificate. 


Additional  share  buying. 


Transfer  and  dividends. 


Interest  allowance. 


Return  of  deposits. 


Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company. 

(4,301.10  miles;  34,249  employes.) 

Company  conducts  a  plan,  inaugurated  in  May,  1893, 
under  which  its  employes  may  purchase  its  capital  stock 
upon  the  installment  basis,  the  objects  of  which  are  stated 
as  being  to  encourage  employes  to  become  stockholders, 
thus  bringing  them  in  close  relation  to  each  other,  and 
raising  the  standard  of  service  thereby;  also  to  induce  the 
habit  of  thrift  among  them. 

On  the  first  day  of  each  month  the  Company  quotes  to 
employes,  through  heads  of  their  departments,  a  price  at 
which  their  applications  will  be  accepted  for  the  purchase 
of  Illinois  Central  shares  during  that  month. 

An  employe  is  offered  the  privilege  of  subscribing  for  one 
share  at  a  time,  payable  by  installments  in  sums  of  $5.00 
or  any  multiple  thereof. 

On  completion  of  payments  the  Company  delivers  to  such 
employe  a  certificate  of  the  share  registered  in  his  name  on 
the  Company's  books. 

The  employe  may  then,  if  he  desires,  begin  the  purchase 
of  another  share  on  the  same  plan. 

The  certificate  of  stock  is  transferable  on  the  Company's 
books,  and  entitles  the  owner  to  such  dividends  as  may  be 
declared  by  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  to  a  vote  in  their 
election. 

Any  officer  or  employe  making  payments  on  this  plan 
receives  interest  on  his  deposits,  at  the  rate  of  4  per  centum 
per  annum,  during  the  time  he  is  paying  for  his  share  of 
stock,  provided  he  does  not  allow  twelve  consecutive  months 
to  elapse  without  making  any  payment,  at  the  expiration 
of  which  period  interest  will  cease  to  accrue,  and  the  sum  at 
his  credit  will  be  returned  to  him  on  his  application  therefor. 

Employe  making  payments  under  this  plan,  who  for  any 
reason  may  desire  to  discontinue  them,  can  have  his  money 
returned  to  him  with  accrued  interest. 


Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Purchasing  Scheme. 


249 


Pay-roll  deductions. 


Refund  on  leaving  service. 


Cash  purchases. 


Where  more  than  one 
share  is  desired. 


Company  responsibility. 


Total  deposits. 


Recapitulation  for  stock 
schemes. 


First  payment  in  this  relation  is  made  from  the  first  wages 
due.  Forms  are  provided  on  which  the  subscribing  employe 
authorizes  a  designated  company  official  to  retain  from  his 
wages  the  amount  of  installment  to  be  credited  monthly  to 
the  employe  for  the  purchase  of  a  share  of  stock. 

Where  an  employe  leaves  the  Company's  service  from  any 
cause,  he  must  then  either  pay  for  the  share  in  full  and 
receive  certificate  therefor,  or  take  his  money  with  accrued 
interest. 

An  employe  who  has  not  already  an  outstanding  applica- 
tion for  a  share  of  stock  under  the  plan,  which  is  not  fully 
paid  for,  can  in  any  given  month  make  application  for  a 
share  for  cash  at  the  price  quoted  to  employes  for  that 
month,  and  he  can  in  the  same  month,  if  he  desires,  make 
application  for  another  share  on  the  installment  plan. 

Employes  desiring  to  purchase  more  than  one  share  at  a 
time  for  cash,  address  the  Company's  Vice-President,  in 
Chicago,  who  obtains  for  them  from  the  New  York  office  a 
price  at  which  the  stock  can  be  purchased. 

Company  assumes  responsibility  for  deposits  and  entire 
cost  of  operation  of  plan. 

Total  deposits  (on  which  interest  was  allowed  at  4  per 
centum  per  annum)  for  investment  in  this  direction,  since 
inauguration  of  the  scheme  to  the  end  of  1903,  amounted 
to  $578,022.29. 

Statistical    Recapitulation    for    Railway    Co-operative    Stock 
Purchasing  Schemes  in  the  United  States. 

The  two  railway  companies  above  discussed  represent  a 
combined  total  of  9,900.10  miles  of  roadway  and  64,010 
employes,  the  aggregate  value  of  stock  investments  by  their 
employes  amounting  to  about  $1,288,022.29,  distributed  as 
follows,  viz.: 

Great  Northern  Railway  employes..       $710,000.00 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  employes.  578,022.29 


$1,288,022.29 


250 


Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Purchasing  Scheme. 


Great  Britain. 


Great  Britain. 


Co-operative  institutions. 


Following  is  given  a  list  of  Co-operative  Institutions  of 
Railway  Workers  of  Great  Britain,  with  the  date  of  their 
establishment,  the  number  of  members,  and  the  assets 
at  the  close  of  1902. 

While  these  institutions  do  not  partake  of  the  character- 
istics described  for  the  plan  in  operation  by  the  Great 
Northern  Railway  and  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Companies 
(vide  supra),  and  are  in  no  sense  to  be  confounded  there- 
with, they  are  discussed  under  the  above  general  subject 
caption  purely  because  of  their  investiture  with  co-opera- 
tive attributes,  and  therefore  more  conveniently  traceable 
in  that  relation. 


Railway  Clearing  House  Clerks'  Co-operative 
Supply  Association. 

Instituted  in  year  1868. 
Membership  at  end  of  1902  was  822. 
Investments  and  other  assets  at  end  of  1902  amounted 
to  £3,472. 

Willesden  Junction  Railway  Co-operative 
Institute. 

Instituted  in  year  1886. 
Membership  at  end  of  1902  was  274. 
Investments  and  other  assets  at  end  of  1902  amounted 
to  £1,686. 


Bradford  &  District  Railway  Servants'  Coal 
Supply  Association. 

Instituted  in  year  1893. 
Membership  at  end  of  1902  was  453. 
Investments  and  other  assets  at  end  of  1902  amounted 
to  £478. 


Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Purchasing  Scheme.  251 


Willesden  Junction  Railway  Servants' 
Refreshment  Coffee  Tavern. 

Instituted  in  year  1899. 
Membership  at  end  of  1902  was  518. 
Investments   and   assets   at   end   of    1902   amounted   to 
£458. 

Manchester  &  District  Railway  Servants'  Coal 
Supply  Association. 

Instituted  in  year  1895. 
Membership  at  end  of  1902  was  131. 
Investments   and   assets   at   end   of    1902   amounted   to 
£269. 

Railway  Workmen's  Coal  Association. 

Instituted  in  year  1894. 
Membership  at  end  of  1902  was  265. 
Investments   and   assets   at   end   of    1902   amounted   to 
£164. 

Leeds  Railway  Servants'  Mutual  Coal  Supply 
Association. 

Instituted  in  year  1893. 
Membership  at  end  of  1902  was  139. 
Investments  and  assets  at  end  of   1902   amounted  to 
£124. 

Northampton  Railway  Servants'  Refreshment 
Society. 

Instituted  in  year  1902. 
Membership  at  end  of  1902  was  29. 
Investments  and   assets   at  end  of   1902  amounted   to 
£23. 


G. — Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway 
Branches. 

America. 


Institution  in  America. 


First  railway  branch 
in  U.  S. 


United  States.  UNITED   STATES. 

Origin  of  y.  m.  c.  a.  Notwithstanding   the  fact  that  the  first  Young   Men's 

Christian  Association  was  organized  in  London,  England, 
June  6,  1844,  none  of  the  English  railways  made  report  of 
these  Association  Branches  in  connection  with  their  provi- 
dent undertakings. 

The  Association  first  found  lodgment  in  America,  on  the 
London  basis,  at  Montreal,  Canada,  November  25,  1851, 
and  in  the  United  States  at  Boston,  Mass.,  on  December 
29th  of  the  same  year. 

It  is  in  the  United  States  that  the  railway  department 
has  its  chief  and  almost  exclusive  standing.  Through  the 
reformation  of  a  railway  employe  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  a 
work  was  begun  in  the  Union  Station  there  which  resulted 
in  the  organization  of  the  first  railroad  branch  in  the  fall 
of  1872,  by  the  united  efforts  of  the  officers  and  employes 
of  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Columbus  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad. 

At  the  close  of  1903  there  were  198  railroad  departments 
with  62,348  members,  and  301  railroad  secretaries. 

Thirty-three  new  buildings  were  constructed  in  the  past 
two  years,  on  the  cost  of  which  50  per  centum  was  contributed 
by  railroad  employes  and  citizens.  During  1903  there  was 
expended  upwards  of  $328,000  on  new  railroad  buildings, 
at  nineteen  different  points. 

Vanderbilt  System.  The  late  Cornelius  Vanderbilt,  President  of  the  New  York 

Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  was  among  the  pioneers 
in  railroad  work,  having  contributed  $100,000  toward  the 
establishment  of  the  first  branch  on  his  road,  in  1875,  at 
New  York  city. 

(253) 


Statistics 


Building  operations. 


254 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway  Branches. 


Pennsylvania  Railroad. 


Status  of  railroad 
association  in 
United  States. 


First  railway 
branch  building. 


Privileges  and  features. 


Educational  courses. 


The  first  branch  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  finally  organized  November  18,  1886,  although 
originally  undertaken  May  1, 1876,  was  not  fully  housed  until 
1893,  when  approximately  $140,000  had  been  raised  and 
disbursed  by  the  joint  efforts  of  officers  and  men.  The 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Department  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  is  the  largest  on  the 
Pennsylvania  System  of  Lines,  and  is  also  the  largest  rail- 
road branch  in  the  world  in  point  of  membership  (which 
on  December  31,  1903,  numbered  about  2,500),  equipment, 
and  variety  and  extent  of  work.  At  the  close  of  the  same 
year  there  were  thirty-one  Association  branches  on  the 
Lines  of  the  System  East  and  West  of  Pittsburgh,  with  a 
total  membership  of  12,732,  to  which  the  Railroad  Company 
extended  financial  support.  Some  of  these  branches  own 
the  buildings  they  occupy,  but  the  larger  number  are 
located  in  structures  belonging  to  the  Company.  The 
demonstrated  benefits  accruing  to  employes  enjoying 
membership  in  the  Association  branches  have  enlisted  the 
substantial  and  continuous  support  of  the  Company  and 
its  principal  officers. 

In  the  United  States  companies  controlling  79  per  centum 
of  the  total  railway  mileage  recognize  and  support  the  rail- 
road association. 

The  first  railway  association  building  was  erected  at 
West  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1878. 

The  following  privileges  and  features  are  usually  pro- 
vided in  connection  with  the  branches:  Reading-Rooms ; 
Social  Rooms;  Bath-Rooms;  Rest-Rooms;  Lunch-Rooms; 
Bowling  Alleys;  Classes  in  Light  Gymnastics;  Libraries; 
Educational  Classes;  Practical  Lectures  on  Railroad 
Topics;  Social  Receptions;  Entertainments;  Athletic 
Fields;  Out-door  Sports;  Temporary  Hospitals;  Religious 
Services. 

Educational  courses,  conducted  for  the  most  part  through- 
out the  fall  and  winter  months,  and  which  are  evidencing 
pronounced  increase  in  the  variety  and  usefulness  of  the 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway  Branches. 


255 


Fees. 


Financing. 


Approved  by- 
railway  officers. 


Religious  but  not  sectarian. 


Religion  not  obtrusive. 


Association  management. 


studies  comprehended,  are  growing  in  popularity  and  value. 
These  courses  embrace  in  their  curriculum  those  commercial 
and  railroad  branches  a  knowledge  of  which  is  of  prime 
importance  to  ambitious  and  progressive  employes,  and 
particularly  to  those  who  would  otherwise  be  debarred 
from  enjoying  that  encouragement  and  opportunity  for 
general  intellectual  training  and  improvement  which  ex- 
perience has  shown  to  be  essential  for  individual  advance- 
ment in  any  chosen  vocation. 

The  membership  fee  ranges  from  $3.00  to  $5.00  per 
capita  per  annum. 

Maintenance  is  provided  by  membership  and  railway 
contributions,  in  conjunction  with  nominal  fees  charged 
for  special  features,  such  as  class  tuition,  billiards  and  pool, 
baths,  etc. 

Railway  officials  heartily  and  substantially  endorse  and 
encourage  the  movement,  which  is  considered  of  the  highest 
importance  in  developing  spiritual,  moral,  mental,  and 
physical  improvement. 

The  strength  of  the  organization  is  due  primarily  to  a 
fact  which  for  a  time  was  an  obstacle  to  enlisting  corporate 
support,  namely,  that  it  has  a  religious  basis. 

While  the  religious  work  of  the  Association  is  predominant 
it  is  purely  non-doctrinal  and  non-sectarian,  and  is  so 
subordinated  to  the  general  work  as  to  in  no  appreciable 
degree  influence  the  healthy  tone  of  activity  in  all  the  fields 
comprehended.  One  of  the  prominent  features  in  the 
success  of  the  movement  rests  on  the  fact  that  it  is  free 
from  sectarian  complications,  the  religious  work  being  of 
such  a  broad,  general  character  that  it  can  be  participated 
in  without  intrenching  upon  denominational  affiliations — 
being  based  upon  the  simple  principles  of  morality  that  are 
accepted  and  recognized  by  all  Christian  people. 

The  management  is  under  the  supervision  of  the  Inter- 
national Committee  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, by  which  a  Railroad  Department  Secretary  is  appointed 
where  the  size  of  the  department  warrants. 


256 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway  Branches. 


Origin  of  International 
Committee. 


The  international  organization,  from  1854  to  1863,  con- 
sisted of  the  confederated  associations,  the  conventions 
meeting  annually  and  appointing  a  central  committee  to 
publish  the  proceedings,  call  the  next  convention,  correspond 
with  American  and  foreign  associations,  and  promote  the 
organization  of  new  associations. 

At  Chicago,  in  1863,  the  name  of  Central  Committee  was 
changed  to  Executive  Committee,  and  at  Baltimore,  Md., 
in  1879,  it  was  styled,  by  formal  vote,  "The  International 
Committee,"  a  title  that  had  been  applied  to  it  for  years. 
Under  the  influence  of  its  leadership  chiefly,  the  railroad 
associations  have  been  developed. 

The  agents  of  this  committee  are  called  upon  to  visit 
the  points  where  railroad  men  are  found  in  large  numbers, 
to  study  the  conditions,  making  report  to  the  company 
concerned,  and  to  aid  the  men  in  the  field  in  establishing 
the  work  upon  a  safe  basis,  placing  the  responsibility  for 
the  work  upon  the  men  themselves,  and  securing  the 
necessary  financial  and  moral  support  from  the  employ- 
ing company. 


Railroad  association 
management. 


The  control  of  each  association  is  vested  in  a  Committee 
of  Management,  composed  of  employes  representing  the 
different  departments  of  the  railroad  service,  all  of  whom 
are  members  of  the  local  association.  The  committeemen 
are  elected  by  the  active  members  of  the  association, 
except  where  the  railroad  association  is  a  branch  or  depart- 
ment of  the  general  association  of  a  city,  in  which  case  the 
members  of  the  Committee  of  Management  are  appointed 
by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  General  Association  upon 
nomination  by  the  railroad  branch. 

The  executive  officer  of  the  railroad  association  is  the 
Secretary,  who  is  selected  by  the  local  Committee  of  Man- 
agement. 

The  work  of  the  branch  is  done  through  various  standing 
committees,  and  the  Secretary  represents  these  committees 
in  the  Committee  of  Management. 

The  various  State  Committees  and  the  International 
Committee  give  supervision,  counsel,  and  aid,  but  do  not 
control  the  local  association. 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway  Branches. 


257 


Reports. 


Health  farm  feature. 


Pennsylvania  Railroad. 


List  of  roads  reporting. 


Statements  and  reports  are  rendered  monthly  by  the 
standing  committees,  the  Secretary,  and  the  Treasurer,  to 
the  Committee  of  Management,  and  periodically  to  the 
contributing  railroad  company;  and  reports  are  also  sent 
to  the  State  and  International  Committees. 

These  reports  cover  the  operations  of  all  the  departments 
of  the  work,  including  finances,  membership,  condition  of 
property,  extent  to  which  various  privileges  have  been 
used,  and  any  matters  of  general  interest. 

One  of  the  latest  Association  efforts  is  known  as  "The 
Association  Health  Farm,"  for  the  treatment  of  tubercu- 
losis, and  was  started  May  21,  1903.  The  farm  is  located  in 
the  State  of  Colorado,  about  five  miles  northwest  of  the 
well-known  "lung  cure"  district,  and  covers  about  100 
acres  of  ground,  34  of  which  are  devoted  to  fruit  raising. 
It  comprehends  permanent  buildings  for  farm  material, 
produce  and  fruit  storage,  dining-rooms,  parlor,  reading- 
rooms,  etc.,  and  upwards  of  30  cottage  tents,  the  latter 
being  occupied  on  the  basis  of  one  man  to  a  tent. 

The  employes  of  the  freight  and  passenger  auditing 
offices  of  the  Accounting  Department  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  are  among  the  owners  of  tents  on  the  farm,  each 
of  which  costs  $175. 

Following  is  a  list  of  roads  in  the  United  States  from 
which  replies  were  received  by  the  Reporter  in  this  relation, 
viz.: 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  (Coast  Lines) ; 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  (proper) ; 

Atlanta,  Knoxville  &  Northern  Railway ; 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad ; 

Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad ; 

Boston  &  Albany  Railroad; 

Boston  &  Maine  Railroad; 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh  Railway; 

Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway ; 

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad; 

Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway; 

Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railway; 


258  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway  Branches. 


Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railway; 

Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railway; 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway; 

Delaware  &  Hudson  Company; 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad; 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad; 

Duluth,  Missabe  &  Northern  Railway; 

Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  Fe  Railway; 

Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad  ; 

Illinois  Central  Railroad ; 

International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad ; 

Long  Island  Railroad; 

Maine  Central  Railroad; 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway; 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway; 

New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad ; 

New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad ; 

New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railway; 

New  Orleans  &  Northeastern  Railroad; 

Norfolk  &  Western  Railway; 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  System,  East  and  West; 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway; 

Pittsburgh  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad; 

St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad; 

St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  System; 

Southern  Pacific  Company  (Pacific  System) ; 

Southern  Pacific  Company  (Sunset  Route) ; 

Southern  Railway; 

Texas  &  Pacific  Railway; 

Wabash  Railroad; 

Wisconsin  Central  Railway. 

Reportonai  results.  The  above  roads,  42  in  number,  are  actively  and  directly 

engaged  in  the  operation  and  promotion  of  railway  branches, 
and  embrace,  approximately,  100,000  miles  of  roadway, 
or  about  49  per  centum  of  the  total  railway  mileage  of  the 
United  States,  with  upwards  of  785,000  employes,  or  about 
59  per  centum  of  all  railway  employes  of  the  country,  quite 
55,000  of  whom  are  identified  with  railway  branches,  while 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway  Branches. 


259 


the  annual  operative  cost  involved  approximates  $500,000. 
The  roads  representing  these  figures  are  regular  contributors 
to  the  movement;  there  are,  however,  many  others  which, 
while  not  directly  identified  with  the  work,  are  systematic 
subscribers  thereto. 


List  of  American  railways 
reporting  annual  operative 
cost  for  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
branches. 


In  verification  of  above-stated  approximate  annual 
operative  cost  of  railroad  branches  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association — i.  e.,  $500,000 — there  will  be  pre- 
sented next  hereinafter  a  list  of  28  of  the  roads  named  for 
which  the  reported  cost  per  annum  aggregates,  in  round 
numbers,  $453,400;  or,  in  other  words,  the  roads  in  question 
are  identified  with  branches  the  annual  cost  of  which  foots 
up  the  aggregate  announced : 


Annual  No. 

Cost        Branches 


No. 
Employes 


Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  (proper) 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

Boston  &  Maine  Railroad. 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh  Railway. 

Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway _ 

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad.. 

Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railroad— 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway- 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad— 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad. 

Duluth,  Missabe  &  Northern  Railway 

Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad 

Illinois  Central  Railroad.. 

Long  Island  Railroad 

Maine  Central  Railroad.. 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway.. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway.. 

New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad. 

New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad. 

New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railway 

Norfolk  &  Western  Railway. 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway.. 

Pittsburgh  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad 

St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad.. 

St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  System.... 

Southern  Pacific  System  (Sunset  Route). 

Southern  Railway. 

Wabash  Railroad.. 


$12,000 

2,500 

45,000 

15,400 

16,800 

2,800 

15,700 

70,000 

36,500 

2,000 

3,000 

3,800 

8,500 

4,500 

2,500 

24,000 

45,000 

20,000 

4,500 

1,800 

32,000 

9,500 

2,000 

14,000 

10,000 

8,000 

11,600 

30,000 


2 

* 

9 
3 

10 
2 
1 

11 
9 
1 
1 
1 
3 
2 
1 
6 

11 

17 
1 
1 
6 
4 
1 
4 
1 
1 
5 


4,984.11  j 
3,330.30  : 
2,281.77! 

500.50  : 
1,660.00 ! 

750.00  i 
48.58 
1,891.02 

965.30 
2,429.15  ; 

162.00 

690.00 
4,301.10 

391.76 

815.83 
3,206.00 
6,107.74 
3,422.66 
2,037.12 

548.00 
1,722.00 
1,467.80 

193.00 
3,654.95 
1,312.20 
1,621.00 
7.136.98 
2,516.70 


Total.. $453,400 


60,147.57 


21,979 
46,378 
23,205 

4,454 
12,821 

4,988 

1,419 
12,684 
33,307 

9,344 
528 

5,391 
34,249 

5,415 

4,172 

9,497 
33,747 
49,852 
29,876 

4,168 
15,394 
23,721 

7,246 
14,666 

6,106 
11,672 
30,821 
12,869 


469,969 


♦Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  conducts  its  own  library  entirely  distinct  from  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 


260 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Railway  Branches. 


Statistics  for 
Pennsylvania  Railroad 
System. 


The  approximate  cost  to  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  System 
Bast  and  West  of  Pittsburgh,  on  account  of  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  Railroad  Branches  and  Libraries  and 
Reading-Rooms,  during  the  year  ending  December  31,  1903, 
was  $61,692.48,  made  up: 


Lines  East $53,351.36 

Lines  West 8,341 .12 


$61,692.48 


Mexico. 


Extent  of  participation. 


Mexico. 

Mexican  Central  Railway. 

(3,154  miles;  18,730  employes.) 

Contributes  $100,  Mexican  money,  toward  support  of 
branch  of  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  conducted  in 
the  City  of  Mexico,  and  which  is  administered  on  lines 
similar  to  those  of  the  railway  branches  of  the  Association 
in  the  United  States,  vide  supra. 


Extent  of  participation. 


National  Lines  of  Mexico. 

(3,328.19  miles;  16.00S  employes.) 

While  the  Lines  are  not  directly  identified  with  the 
Railroad  Department  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation, they  make  a  monthly  contribution  of  $100,  Mexican 
money,  toward  the  support  of  the  Association  branch  in 
the  City  of  Mexico,  which  is  the  only  one  located  on  the 
Lines. 


United  States. 
Reportorial  results. 


Missouri  Pacific. 


N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R. 


Pennsylvania. 


Rest-rooms. 


H. — Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms. 
America. 

United  States. 

Forty-eight  (48)  roads,  representing  approximately 
108,000  miles  of  roadway,  or  about  53  per  centum  of  the 
total  railway  mileage  of  the  United  States,  with  upwards  of 
800,000  employes,  or  about  60  per  centum  of  all  railway  em- 
ployes of  the  country,  report  identification  with  library  and 
reading-room  features,  the  bulk  of  the  representation  being 
with  those  provided  in  connection  with  the  various  railway 
branches  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Sufficient  data  were  not  furnished  by  all  the  roads  as  to 
the  number  of  volumes  on  hand  to  enable  the  making  of 
other  than  a  statement  based  on  estimated  figures  for  this 
feature,  and  from  this  standpoint  it  may  be  stated  that  the 
number  of  volumes  involved  is  not  far  from  250,000. 

The  principal  roads  reporting  in  this  relation  are  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railway,  with  eleven  libraries  and  reading- 
rooms,  including  19,297  volumes,  the  New  York  Central  & 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  with  twelve  branches,  embracing 
22,471  volumes  (both  roads  conducting  their  features  in 
connection  with  their  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Railway  Branches),  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  employes'  free  circulating  library, 
with  15,000  volumes,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Lines 
East  of  Pittsburgh),  with  62,973  volumes,  of  which  number 
35,000  volumes  are  in  the  Mechanics'  Library  at  Altoona, 
Pa.,  and  8,750  volumes  distributed  among  twelve  railway 
stations,  while  19,223  volumes  are  distributed  among 
sixteen  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Railway  Branches  located  at  various 
points  on  the  lines. 

The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  System  East  and  West  of 

Pittsburgh,  in  common  with  many  of  the  larger  roads  of  the 

country,  provides  reading-rooms  at  terminal  and  division 

points,  where  employes  away  from  home  may  congregate 

(261) 


262 


Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms. 


List  of  American  railway 
libraries  with  over  5,000 
volumes. 


and  spend  their  idle  time,  thus  making  it  unnecessary  for 
the  men  to  frequent  places  whose  surroundings  are  not  of 
a  character  to  prove  beneficial.  These  rooms  are  currently 
furnished  with  daily  papers,  magazines,  periodicals,  and 
miscellaneous  reading  matter,  the  literature  supplied  being 
of  such  character  as  to  be  entertaining  and  instructive, 
so  enabling  advantageous  employment  of  time  off  duty. 

By  way  of  further  evidencing  the  extent  to  which  railways 
in  the  United  States  have  promoted  and  encouraged  the 
establishment  of  libraries  for  their  employes,  there  will 
be  given  next  below  a  list  of  six  (6)  representative  roads,  out 
of  the  above-mentioned  total  of  48  from  which  replies  were 
received,  each  of  which  conducts  a  library  containing  over 
5,000  volumes: 


Name  of  Road 

NO.  OF 

Volumes 

Mileage 

NO.   OF 

Employes 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  (proper) 

9,000 
15,000 

8,000 
19,297 
22,471 
62,973 

4,984.11 
3,330.30 
965.30 
6,107.74 
3,422.66 
5,852.44 

21,979 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

46,378 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad 

33,307 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway   - 

33,747 

New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad 

49,852 

*Pennsylvania  Railroad  (East  of  Pittsburgh) 

117,928 

Total 

136,741 

24,662.55 

303,191 

*  Of  the  total  of  62,973  volumes  accredited  to  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (East  of  Pittsburgh) 
approximately  35,000  volumes  are  embraced  by  the  Mechanics'  Library  at  Altoona,  Pa.  (at 
which  point  are  located  the  principal  car  and  machine  works  of  the  Railroad  Company),  the 
Library  being  largely  maintained  by  the  Railroad  Company,  which  makes  an  annual  contribution 
of  about  $3,600  thereto. 


Mexico. 


Mexico. 


Mexican  Central  Railway. 

(3,154  miles;   18,730  employes.) 


Inauguration. 


Library  feature  inaugurated  in  1894.     Ten  (10)  in  opera- 
tion. 


Volumes. 


Number  of  volumes,  3,472. 

Average  number  of  books  distributed  per  annum,  400. 


Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms. 


263 


Extent  of  participation. 


National  Lines  of  Mexico. 

(3,328.19  miles;  16,008  employes.) 

The  Lines  are  interested  in  a  building  provided  by  the 
International  Railway  Company  (one  of  the  constituent 
members  of  the  System),  located  at  C.  P.  Diaz,  Mexico. 
This  is  a  club  building,  and  does  not  include  a  regular  stock 
of  books  to  be  drawn  on  as  desired,  but  has  a  reading-room 
supplied  with  current  magazines  and  periodicals,  the  expense 
of  which,  as  well  as  that  for  water  for  baths,  and  of 
lighting  and  care  of  building,  etc.,  is  borne  by  the  Railroad 
Company.  In  December,  1904,  the  employes  of  the  Com- 
pany named  organized  a  reading-room  at  Puebla,  the  Com- 
pany furnishing  the  room,  the  lights,  and  fuel  necessary  for 
heating:  the  baths. 


Panama. 


Panama. 


Inauguration. 


Panama  Railroad. 

(50  miles;  1,972  employes.) 

Library  and  reading-rooms,  two  in  number,    combined 
and  inaugurated  about  1860,  at  Colon. 


Great  Britain. 


Great  Britain. 


Inauguration. 


Furness  Railway. 

(117i  miles;  2,369  employes.) 

Library    conducted    at    Barrow-in-Furness,    inaugurated 
in  1855. 


Number  books. 


Contains  about  2,200  volumes,  including  fiction,  biogra- 
phy, history,  memoirs,  diplomacy,  politics,  travel,  sport, 
adventure,  poetry,  music,  art,  drama,  science,  and  miscel- 
laneous works. 


Distribution. 


Average  number  of  books  distributed  per  annum,  about 
6,250. 


264 


Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms. 


Financing. 


Reading-room. 


Maintained  by  membership  subscriptions,  in  connection 
with  the  Company's  Employees'  Sick  Club  and  Benefit 
Society  (vide  supra). 

Reading-room  includes  daily,  weekly,  and  illustrated 
papers,  and  periodicals. 


New  Holland  library. 


Number  books. 


Number  members. 


Great  Central  Railway. 

(468  miles;  20,181  employes.) 

The  Company  erected  and  maintains  a  building  at  New 
Holland,  used  by  employes  of  the  locomotive  and  ferry 
departments,  containing  a  reading-room,  a  billiard-room, 
and  a  library. 

Library  is  well  equipped,  and  contains  6,000  volumes. 

Institution  is  self-supporting,  the  membership  being  about 
100. 


Gorton  reading-room.  There  is  also  a  reading-room  attached  to  the  dormitories 

used    by   enginemen   at   Gorton,   which  is  supplied    with 
daily  papers  and  monthly  magazines. 


General  provision. 


Financing. 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(1,945*  miles;  82,835  employes.) 

Apart  from  the  libraries  and  reading-rooms  already 
discussed  (vide  infra,  subject  "I. — Literary  Institutes") 
the  Company  has  various  reading-rooms  throughout  its 
system,  some  of  them  large  and  others  small ;  most  of  them 
being  combined  with  libraries,  some  with  the  supply  of 
refreshments,  others  with  out-door  sports.  The  libraries 
and  reading-rooms  are  generally  associated,  forming  one 
institution. 

The  Railway  Company  commonly  supports  these  move- 
ments with  monetary  grants;  also  provides  buildings  free 
of  charge,  supplies  lighting,  and  in  some  instances  a  small 
fee  is  paid  by  the  staff. 


Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms. 


265 


Asia. 

Library. 
Inauguration. 

Membership. 
Number  books. 

Financing. 
Distribution. 
Operation. 
Reading-room. 

Publications. 


Asia. 

Eastern  Bengal  State  Railway. 

(1.003  miles.) 

Library. 

Conducts  twelve  libraries,  inaugurated  between  1874 
and  1892. 

Privileges  extended  to  all  classes  of  employes — European, 
Eurasian,  and  Native,  and  their  families. 

About  8,000  volumes,  comprising  works  of  fiction, 
biography,  history,  poetry,  travel,  theology,  science, 
geography,  etc. 

Maintained  by  membership  subscriptions  and  Railway 
donations. 

Average  number  of  books  distributed  per  annum,  about 
7,000. 

Annual  cost  of  operation,  including  reading-rooms,  about 
12,500  rupees. 

Reading-Room. 

Conducted  along  with  the  library  features. 

Publications  on  file  include  Indian  newspapers,  illustrated 
weeklies,  and  technical  magazines  from  England. 


Africa. 


Inauguration. 


Africa. 

Uganda  (Mombasa-Victoria)  Railway. 

(584  miles;  4,733  employes.) 

First  reading-room  started  at  Kilindim  in  1897. 
Five  reading-rooms  in  operation,  at  various  points  on  the 
line,  at  the  present  time. 


Great  Britain. 


I. — Literary  Institutes. 
Great  Britain. 


General  features. 


The  so-called  Literary  Institutes  are  peculiarly  English 
organizations,  possessing  characteristics  very  similar  to 
those  common  to  railway  departments  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  vide  supra,  as  conducted  by  American 
railroads.  They  comprehend,  among  other  features,  edu- 
cational, literary,  and  physical  departments,  libraries, 
reading-rooms,  baths,  billiards  and  pool,  ambulance  classes, 
etc.,  and  are  supported  by  membership  contributions,  dona- 
tions from  the  railways  concerned  and  outside  sources, 
receipts  from  hall-rent,  concerts  and  other  entertainments, 
fees  for  games,  etc.  They  are  variously  styled,  as  "Me- 
chanics' Institute,"  "Literary  Institute,"  and  "Railway 
Institute."  Data  on  these  institutions  were  received  from 
the  following  roads,  viz.: 


Library  statistics. 


Name  of  Roads 


Great  Eastern  Railway 

Great  Northern  Railway 

Great  Western  Railway 

Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Rail- 
way  

London  &  North  Western  Rail 
way 

Midland  Railway.... 

North  Eastern  Railway 

North  British  Railway 

Totals 


Number  of  Volumes 


In  Library 


16,761 

4,797 
30,000 

15,128 

*25,587 
15,472 
27,801 
13,400 


148,946 


Issued 

Annually 


26,791 

22,531 

120,000 

27,480 

*90,000 
62,590 
75,500 
10,200 


435,092 


*  The  number  of  volumes  in  libraries  is  based  on  reported  information,  while  the 
number  of  volumes  issued  annually  was,  owing  to  inadequacy  of  reported  data, 
approximated. 

(267) 


268 


Literary  Institutes. 


General. 


List  of  undertakings. 


Crewe,  Wolverton,  and 
Earlestown. 


Characteristics. 


Reasons  for  movement. 


Membership  age  and  rates. 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(l,945i  miles;  82,835  employes.) 

This  Company,  in  common  with  the  other  large  railways 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  has  neither  inaugurated  nor  con- 
ducted branches  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association, 
but  has  formed  and  substantially  supports  various  kindred 
institutions,  with  the  view  of  promoting  the  welfare  of  its 
employes.  Among  these  undertakings  data  have  been  fur- 
nished for  the  following : 

a. — Crewe  Mechanics'  Institution,  established  in  1846. 

b. — Wolverton  Science  and  Art  Institute,  established 
about  1846. 

c. — Earlestown  Viaduct  Institute,  established  in  1869. 

d. — Library  and  Literary  Association,  established  No- 
vember 12,  1852. 

e. — New  Street  Station  (Birmingham)  Railway  Institute. 

/. — United  Kingdom  Railway  Temperance  Union. 

a. — Crewe  Mechanics'  Institution. 
b. — Wolverton  Science  and  Art  Institute. 
c. — Earlestown  Viaduct  Institute. 

The  general  characteristics  of  the  institutes  at  Crewe, 
Wolverton,  and  Earlestown  being  practically  similar  in  all 
important  respects,  they  will,  for  convenience,  be  treated 
conjointly. 

The  Company  has  large  engineering  works  at  Crewe  and 
Wolverton,  and  large  wagon  works  at  Earlestown,  and  was 
induced  to  establish  institutes  at  these  points  in  order 
that  its  employes  might  obtain  instruction  in  the  sciences 
and  arts  better  suited  to  their  employment,  as  well  as  in 
literary,  commercial,  and  other  educational  spheres. 

At  Crewe  the  membership  includes  persons  over  13  years 
of  age,  on  the  following  terms : 
a. — Life  members,  £5. 

b. — Full  members,  7s.  6d.  per  annum,  or  2s.  per  quarter. 
c. — Library  members,  Is.  3d.  per  quarter. 
d. — Newsroom  members,  Is.  3d.  per  quarter. 
e. — Class  members,  Is.  3d.  per  half  session. 


Literary  Institutes. 


269 


Library. 


Library  at  Crewe  contains  11,587  books,  the  number  of 
of  volumes  issued  during  1903  having  been  21,554.  Cor- 
responding statistics  for  Wolverton  and  Earlestown  were 
not  given. 


Library  Association. 


Contributions. 


d. — Library  and  Literary  Association. 

Operated  in  interest  of  clerical  (salaried)  staff  in  London. 

Maintained  by  membership  subscriptions  and  monetary 
grants  from  Railway  Company,  the  latter  providing  and 
maintaining  the  building  and  supplying  light  and  fuel. 

Membership   subscription   ranges   from   6s.    to    12s.    per 


Library. 

Book  distribution. 
Operation. 
Number  members. 


Library  contains  about  13,000  volumes,  including  history, 
science,  fiction,  magazines,  etc. 

Upwards  of  200  books  exchanged  daily. 

Annual  cost  of  operation  about  £500. 

Number  of  members  at  close  of  1903,  about  1,000. 


Inauguration. 


Financing. 


Library. 


Operation. 


e. — New  Street  Station  (Birmingham)  Railway 
Institute. 

Conducted  in  connection  with  the  United  Kingdom  Rail- 
way Temperance  Union,  and  inaugurated  in  1898. 

Maintained  by  membership  subscriptions,  3s.  per  annum, 
profits  from  games,  and  aid  from  Railway  Company. 

Library  contains  about   1,000  volumes,   also  daily  and 
weekly  papers. 

Operating  expenses  during  1903,  £68. 


270 


Literary  Institutes. 


/. — United  Kingdom  Railway  Temperance  Union. 


Inauguration. 


Union  was  formed  in  year  1882. 


Objects. 


Object  is  to  aid  the  progress  of  temperance  movement 
among  the  large  army  of  workers  employed  on  the  railways 
of  Great  Britain,  to  promote  habits  of  temperance  among 
the  staff,  and  to  seek  to  bind  together  all  railway  temper- 
ance workers  in  one  grand  brotherhood. 


Characteristics. 


Movement  is  absolutely  unsectarian  and  non-political. 


Autonomous. 


Each  branch  of  the  Union  is  to  a  large  extent  autono- 
mous. 


Various  features. 


At  a  number  of  principal  places  on  the  line  institutes  and 
suitable  halls  have  been  erected  by  the  Railway,  and  in 
addition  to  temperance  and  religious  meetings,  these  are 
used  for  concerts,  entertainments  of  various  kinds,  lectures, 
art  and  technical  classes  for  instruction  in  railway  work, 
etc.,  and  in  some  places  the  halls  are  open  daily  as  reading 
and  smoke  rooms. 

The  branch  is  also  in  position  to  provide  its  members 
with  letters  for  hospitals,  convalescent  homes,  and  the  like. 
At  many  places  cricket,  football,  swimming,  gymnasiums, 
billiards,  libraries,  and  general  club  privileges  exist  in  con- 
nection with  the  temperance  society. 


Financing. 


Members  are  expected  to  contribute  not  less  than  6d. 
per  annum,  and  this  is  paid  to  local  secretaries,  and  goes 
toward  the  working  expenses. 


Operative  cost. 


Annual  cost  of  operation  by  the  Official  Committee  of  the 
Railway  Company's  branch, with  between  50  and  60  sections 
at  different  parts  of  the  system,  and  a  total  membership  of 
about  5,000,  is  about  £30. 


Literary  Institutes. 


271 


Asia. 


Location  of  institutes. 


Southern  Mahratta  Railway. 

(1,045.03  miles;  13,624  employes.) 

The  Railway  Company  has  institutes  established  at 
Hubli,  Dharwar,  and  Guntakal,  and  has  under  way  arrange- 
ments for  similar  provision  at  Belgaum,  Gadag,  Miraj,  and 
smaller  stations. 


Subscription  rates. 


Subscription  rates  are  as  follows:  Members  in  receipt  of 
less  than 


Books. 


*Rupees    30  pet  mensem Annas  4 

Rupees    50  per  mensem Annas  6 

Rupees    75  per  mensem ..Annas  8 

Rupees  100  per  mensem _ Annas  12 

Rupees  150  per  mensem.... Rupees  1 

Rupees  200  per  mensem ...Rupees  1-4 

Rupees  250  per  mensem ...Rupees  1-8 

Rupees  250  and  upwards Rupees  2-0 

The  Railway  has  presented  a  number  of  valuable  techni- 
cal works  to  the  undertakings,  particularly  to  the  Southern 
Mahratta  Institute,  Hubli. 


Entrance  fee. 


An  entrance  fee  of  rupee  1  is  paid  by  each  member  of  a 
local  association. 

*  Note. — Anna=l}  pence;  Rupee=2  shillings;  per  mensem  =  per  month. 
Rupee  (silver)  has  nominal  value  of  45.9  cents;  the  minor  coinage  of  British  India 
consists  of  copper:  the  "anna"  is  one-sixteenth  of  the  "rupee, "or  worth  less  than 
three  cents;  the  coin  of  smallest  denomination  is  the  "pie,"  equal  to  one-twelfth 
of  an  "anna,"  or  worth  less  than  one-quarter  of  a  cent;  the  pieces  are:  "double 
pice"  or  "half  anna";  "pice"  or  "quarter  anna";  "half  pice"  or  "eighth  anna;" 
"pie"  or  "twelfth  anna." 


Africa. 


Africa. 

Central  South  African  Railways. 

(1,374  miles;  25,556  employes.) 

Railway  Institutes  are  established  wherever  the  number 
of  employes  at  any  point  warrants  the  step. 


272 


Literary  Institutes. 


General. 


To  these  institutes  small  libraries,  consisting,  generally, 
of  about  1,000  volumes,  are  attached. 

The  institutes  are  managed  and  controlled  by  a  com- 
mittee appointed  by  members. 


Financing. 


Occasional  grants  are  made  by  the  railway  administra- 
tion, but  they  are  practically  self-supporting. 


Inauguration. 


Library. 


Reading-room. 


Natal  Government  Railways. 

(679  miles;  4,835  employes,  Europeans.) 

Identified  with  the  Natal  Government  Railways'  Institute, 
established  in  1885,  membership  in  which  is  open  to  all 
officers  and  servants  of  the  Natal  Government  Railways. 

On  June  30,  1903,  the  library  contained  7,082  books, 
which  had  a  circulation  of  12,975  volumes  during  the  year. 
The  list  includes  Art,  Science,  Biography,  Theology  and 
Philosophy,  Poetry,  Travel,  Fiction,  Essays,  History,  etc. 

Magazines  and  papers  to  the  number  of  3,812  were  also 
issued  during  the  year. 

The  reading-room  is  supplied  with  weekly  and  monthly 
magazines  and  journals. 


Education. 


Classes  are  held  during  the  winter  evenings  for  instruc- 
tion in  Machine  and  Building  Construction,  Geometry,  and 
Freehand  and  Model  Drawing,  and  are  open  to  all  youths 
and  apprentices  in  the  Railway,  Harbor  Works,  and  Public 
Works  service,  also  to  the  sons  of  any  employe  in  the  Govern- 
ment service. 


Financing. 


The  institution  is  supported  by  membership  subscrip- 
tions and  Government  grants,  the  subscriptions  for  the  year 
ended  June  30,  1903,  having  amounted  to  ,£150  0s.  6d.,  and 
the  Government  grant  to  .£300. 


Receipts. 


Receipts  from  all  sources  during  the  year  ended  June  30, 
1903,  amounted  to  £489  13s.  3d. 


Literary  Institutes. 


273 


Disbursement. 


Contributions. 


No.  members. 


Expenditure,  in  all  directions,  during  the  year  named, 
amounted  to  £485  6s.  lOd. 

Members  contribute  monthly  at  following  rates,  viz.  : 

Seniors - iS- 

Juniors 6d. 

Membership  for  the  year  named,  360. 


Australasia. 


Inauguration. 


Financing. 


Membership. 
Volumes. 


Australasia. 

New  South  Wales  Government  Railways. 

(3,042.5  miles;  14,313  employes.) 

A  central  institute  has  been  provided  at  Sydney,  inaug- 
urated in  1890,  to  which  is  attached  a  circulating  library, 
from  which  books  are  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  system. 

Institute  built  and  equipped  by  Railway  Commission, 
by  which  about  £10,000  have  been  expended,  and  which 
grants  an  average  of  £200  per  annum  for  its  management. 
It  is,  however,  supported  by  its  members,  who  pay  from 
5s.  to  10s.  per  annum. 

Number  of  members,  1,642. 

Library  contains  9,185  books;  the  distribution  during 
1903  having  been  37,710  books. 


United  States. 


J. — Loan  Provision. 
America. 


United  States. 


Feature  of  Relief 
Department. 


Basis  of  repayment  of  loans. 


Minimum  loan. 


Purpose  of  loans. 


Extent  of  loan. 


Repayment  basis. 


Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  System. 

(4,410  miles;  55,688  employes.) 

Company  conducts  a  loan  feature  in  connection  with  its 
savings  feature  {vide  supra,  "Savings  Funds"),  which  is  an 
adjunct  of  its  Relief  Department  (vide  supra,  "Insurance 
and  Relief  Provision"). 

Every  borrower  must  provide  life  insurance  in  the  natural 
death  benefit  of  the  Relief  Department,  to  an  amount  equal 
at  all  times  to  his  indebtedness  to  the  savings  feature,  in 
such  manner  that  the  benefits  payable  in  case  of  death  may 
be  available  to  discharge  the  indebtedness.  Where  borrower 
cannot  meet  requirement  of  Relief  Department,  then  he  is 
required  to  take  insurance  in  some  regular  life  insurance 
company  satisfactory  to  the  Relief  Department. 

vSums  not  less  than  $100  may  be  borrowed,  at  rate  of 
6  per  centum  per  annum. 

Loans  are  made  to  employes  for  the  purchase  of  homes, 
building  residences  or  making  improvements  thereon,  for 
paying  off  mortgages  and  other  liens  on  property,  and  for 
the  settlement  of  personal  debts  that  may  become  liens. 

The  loan  must  not  exceed  three-fourths  the  value  of  the 
property,  counting  in  the  valuation  any  buildings  or  other 
improvements  which  are  to  be  paid  for  out  of  the  loan,  such 
valuation  to  be  made  by  the  Building  Inspector  of  the 
Relief  Department. 

Repayment  of  loans  is  on  the  basis  of  not  less  than  1£ 
per  centum  monthly,  the  interest  being  adjusted  whenever 
a  payment  is  made  on  the  loan ;  in  this  way  a  loan  is  repaid 
in  82  months,  and  the  interest  paid  by  the  borrower  during 
that  period  on  $1,000  is  about  $219.43. 
(275) 


276 


Loan  Provision. 


To  whom  made. 


Loans  are  made  only  to  employes  of  the  Railroad  Com- 
pany who  are  members  of  the  Relief  Department. 


Requirement  as  to  service. 


Each  applicant  for  a  loan  must  have  a  service  record  of 
at  least  one  year,  counting  from  the  date  he  last  entered 
the  Company's  service. 


Location  of  property.  The  property  on  which  loan  is  made  must  be  located 

within  one  mile  of  the  road,  except  in  cities  and   towns 
through  which  the  road  runs. 


Good  title. 


It  must  be  shown  that  the  borrower's  title  to  the  property 
is  good,  or  can  be  made  good,  and  that  the  Department  will 
have  a  first  lien  thereon  when  the  loan  is  finally  consum- 
mated. 


Fire  insurance. 


Borrower  is  required  to  insure  the  building  in  some  good 
insurance  company,  approved  by  the  Relief  Department, 
and  the  policy  of  insurance  must  be  assigned  to  and  held 
by  the  Department  until  the  loan  is  fully  repaid. 


Pay-roil  deductions.  Repayments  are  effected  by  monthly  deduction  on  pay- 

roll from  wages  of  borrower. 


Monthly  rate  of  repayment. 


Monthly  rate  of  repayment  is  $1.50  on  each  $100  bor- 
rowed. Special  payments  may  be  made  to  the  agents  of 
the  Company  at  any  time,  and  the  monthly  rate  of  pay- 
ment on  the  rolls  may  be  increased  whenever  borrower 
desires. 


Prohibited  loans. 


Leasehold  loans. 


Money  will  not  be  loaned  on  second  mortgage,  nor  do 
Department  regulations  provide  for  loans  upon  furniture 
or  upon  notes.  Loans  are  made  on  leasehold  property, 
but  in  valuing  such  property,  if  the  ground-rent  is  deemed 
to  be  excessive,  the  excess  is  deducted  from  the  value  of  the 
improvements,  and  the  loan  cannot  exceed  three-fourths 
of  the  remainder. 


Loan  Provision. 


277 


Statistics. 


Relief  Department  report  for  the  year  ended  June  30, 
1903,  shows  an  item  for  loans  to  employes,  secured  by  first 
mortgages  on  real  estate,  amounting  to  $1,207,078.06; 
and  in  the  same  relation  it  is  stated  the  amount  loaned  has 
been  expended  in  building  1,505  houses,  buying  1,942 
homes,  improving  443  homesteads,  and  releasing  liens  on 
1,135  properties. 


Great  Britain. 


Great  Britain. 


Basis  of  arrangement. 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(1,945*  miles;  82,835  employes.) 

In  connection  with  a  building  society  formed  many  years 
ago  by  the  Railway  Clearing  House  in  London,  and  which 
is  largely  used  by  railway  employes,  money  is  loaned  for 
house-building  purposes  upon  sufficient  security. 


Building  societies. 


Building  Societies. 

Below  is  presented  a  list  of  Building  Societies  of  Railway 
Workers  in  Great  Britain,  with  date  of  their  establishment, 
the  number  of  members,  and  the  assets  at  the  close  of  1902: 


RAILWAY  PERMANENT  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SOCIETY. 

Instituted  during  year  1850. 
Membership  at  close  of  1902  was  745. 
Assets  at  close  of  1902  amounted  to  £52,197. 


LIVERPOOL  RAILWAY   PERMANENT  BENEFIT  BUILDING 
SOCIETY. 


Instituted  during  year  1877. 
Membership  at  close  of  1902  was  141. 
Assets  at  close  of  1902  amounted  to  £13,594. 


K. — Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 
America. 


United  States. 


Andrew  Carnegie  Fund. 


Inauguration. 


United  States. 

Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad. 

(207  miles;  2,676  employes.) 

Andrew  Carnegie  Relief  Fund.* 

The  Fund  originated  with  a  letter  (vide  infra)  addressed 
by  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  the  well-known  philanthropist, 
March  12,  1901,  to  the  President  and  Board  of  Directors  of 
The  Carnegie  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  and  was  practically 
created  by  their  acceptance  of  the  terms  therein  set  forth  at 
a  meeting  held  March  20,  1901,  but  was  made  effective  as 
of  January  1,  1902. 


Mr.  Carnegie's  Letter  of  March  12,  1901. 

New  York,  N.  Y.,  March  12,  1901. 

To  the  President  and  Board  of  Directors, 

The  Carnegie  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Gentlemen  : 

Mr.  Robert  A.  Franks,  my  cashier,  will  hand  over  to  you,  upon 
your  acceptance  of  the  trust,  $4,000,000  of  The  Carnegie  Company 
bonds,  in  trust  for  the  following  purposes: 

The  income  of  the  $4,000,000  to  be  applied: 

1st. — To  provide  for  employes  of  The  Carnegie  Company,  in  all  its 
works,  mines,  railways,  shops,  etc.,  injured  in  its  service,  and 
for  those  dependent  upon  such  employes  as  are  killed. 

2nd. — To  provide  small  pensions  or  aids  to  such  employes  as  after  long 
and  creditable  service,  through  exceptional  circumstances,  need 
such  help  in  their  old  age,  and  who  make  a  good  use  of  it. 

3rd.— This  fund  is  not  intended  to  be  used  as  a  substitute  for  what  the 
Company  has  been  in  the  habit  of  doing  in  such  cases — far  from 
it — it  is  intended  to  go  still  further  and  give  to  the  injured  or 
their  families,  or  to  employes  who  are  needy  in  old  age,  through 
no  fault  of  their  own,  some  provision  against  want  as  long  as 
needed,  or  until  young  children  can  become  self-supporting. 
(279) 


2S0 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


•1th. — A  report  is  to  be  made  at  the  end  of  each  year,  giving  an  account 
of  the  Fund  and  its  distribution,  and  published  in  two  papers  in 
Pittsburgh,  and  copies  posted  freely  at  the  several  works,  that 
every  employe  may  know  what  is  being  done.  Publicity  in  this 
matter  will,  I  am  sure,  have  a  beneficial  effect. 

5th. — I  make  this  first  use  of  surplus  wealth  upon  retiring  from 
business  as  an  acknowledgment  of  the  deep  debt  which  I  owe  to 
the  workmen  who  have  contributed  so  greatly  to  my  success. 


(Signed) 


Andrew  Carnegie. 


Financing. 


Objects. 


Briefly,  it  represents  an  endowment  of  $4,000,000,  the 
interest  on  which  is  to  be  applied  in  providing  relief  for 
employes  of  The  Carnegie  Company  in  all  its  works,  mines, 
railways,  shops,  etc.,  injured  in  its  service,  and  for  those 
dependent  upon  such  employes  as  are  killed ;  also  to  provide 
small  pensions  or  aids  to  such  employes  as,  after  long  and 
creditable  service,  through  exceptional  circumstances,  need 
such  help  in  their  old  age,  and  who  make  good  use  of  it. 


Constituent  Members  of  the  Carnegie  Company. 


List  of  constituent  members 
of  The  Carnegie  Company. 


Employes  of  the  following  Companies  and  Associations, 
affiliated  with  the  Carnegie  Company,  participate  in  the 
fund  in  accordance  with  prescribed  regulations — namely: 


a. — Carnegie    Steel     Company   (including   mills,  works, 

and  general  offices) ; 
b. — Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company; 
c. — Pittsburgh  Limestone  Company,  Limited  ; 
c. — H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Company  (including  works,  farms, 

and  general  offices) ; 
d. — Oliver  Iron   Mining  Company  (including  35  mines, 

located   in   five  mountain    ranges — i.  e.,    Missabe, 

Vermillion,    Marquette,   Menominee,  and  Gogebic 

Ranges) ; 
e. — Regent  Iron  Company  ; 
/. — Lake  Superior  Iron  Company  ; 
g. — Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad  Company; 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


281 


h. — Union  Railroad  Company; 

i. — Pittsburgh  Steamship  Company  ; 

;. — Pittsburg  &  Conneaut  Dock  Company; 

k. — Union  Supply  Company; 

I. — Keystone  Bridge  Works; 
m. — Beaver  Falls  Mills  ; 
n. — Mingo  Coal  Company. 


Statistics. 


December  31,  1903,  there  were  284  accident,  168  death, 
and  189  pension  cases  on  the  "active  beneficiary"  list. 


Disbursements. 


Aggregate  disbursements  to  beneficiaries  since  inaugura- 
tion amounted  to  $228,866.02,  at  end  of  1903. 


Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad. 

(966.30  miles;  33,307  employes.) 


Moses  Taylor  Fund. 


The  Moses  Taylor  Hospital. 


Endowed  by  Mr.  Moses  Taylor,  Sr.,  and  Mrs.  C.  A. 
Taylor.  Hospital  established  at  Scranton,  Pa.,  March  29, 
1882,  and  incorporated  July  22,  1884,  and  is  conducted 
principally  in  the  interest  of  employes  of  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad  Company  and  the 
Lackawanna  Iron  and  Steel  Company.  The  Iron  and 
Steel  Company  having  removed  from  Scranton  to  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  another  hospital,  known  as  "The  Moses  Taylor 
Hospital  of  Buffalo,"  was  opened  in  the  latter  city  in  1904. 


Financing. 


Operative  cost. 


Endowment  fund  invested  in  such  manner  as  to  net  an 
income  sufficient  to  take  care  of  all  operating  expenses. 
Cost  of  building  and  equipment,  $355,333.05. 

Cost  of  operation  since  establishment,  $450,524.92. 


Cases  treated. 


Cases  treated  since  institution,  1,170  medical  and  3,293 
surgical. 


282 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


Pennsylvania  Railroad  System  East  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

(5,852.44  miles  ;  117,928  employes.) 


John  Edgar  Thomson. 


Provisions  of  will. 


Trustees  under  will. 


Financing  of  scheme. 


Preferential 
distribution  of  funds. 


The  J.  Edgar  Thomson  Home  for  Orphans. 

John  Edgar  Thomson  was  born  in  Delaware  County, 
Pennsylvania,  February  10,  1808,  was  elected  President  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  on  February  3,  1852, 
and  retained  that  office  until  his  death,  which  occurred  May 
27,  1874. 

By  will  dated  December  20,  1871,  he  bequeathed  all  his 
real  and  personal  property  (except  household  furniture, 
books  and  ornaments,  which  were  devised  to  his  wife 
absolutely)  to  designated  trustees,  now  seven  (7)  in 
number — namely,  Wm.  M.  Spackman,  Henry  E.  Smith, 
Christiana  B.  Smith,  William  A.  Patton,  M.  Riebenack, 
W.  Heyward  Myers,  and  one  to  be  selected — with  full 
power  to  sell  the  same,  or  any  part  or  parts  thereof,  and 
reinvest  the  proceeds  of  such  sale  or  sales  whenever  in 
their  judgment  the  interests  of  the  trust  would  be  promoted 
thereby,  the  proceeds  from  the  estate,  after  the  death  of 
his  wife  (which  occurred  on  November  24,  1903),  to  be  given 
the  following  distribution,  viz.: 

The  net  income,  or  so  much  thereof  as  maybe  judiciously 
applied  to  the  purpose,  to  be  used  for  the  education 
and  maintenance  of  female  orphans  of  railway  em- 
ployes who  meet  death  in  the  discharge  of  service 
duties,  with  preferential  distribution  in  the  order 
next  given: 

1st. — To  orphans  of  employes  engaged  upon  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad. 

2nd. — To  those  of  employes  of  the  Georgia  Railroad, 
between  Augusta  and  Atlanta,  Georgia  (Mr.  Thomson 
having  been  appointed  chief  engineer  of  this  road 
in  1832,  which  extended  between  the  points  named 
at  that  time,  with  213  miles  of  roadway,  then  the 
longest  railroad  in  the  country). 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


283 


3rd. — To  those  of  employes  of  lines  controlled  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  by  lease  or  other- 
wise. 

4th. — To  those  of  employes  of  any  other  railroad  in  the 
United  States. 


Inauguration  of  scheme. 


Mrs.  Thomson,  who  was  in  full  sympathy  with  the  objects 
of  the  will,  started  the  St.  John's  Orphanage,  at  Nos.  1720 
and  1722  Rittenhouse  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on  Decem- 
ber 4,  1882  (No.  1718  was  subsequently  added — the  third 
story  having  been  used  in  1884,  and  the  entire  building 
occupied  in  1889),  where  have  since  been  domiciled  a  number 
of  orphan  girls,  who  have  been  cared  for,  given  the 
advantages  of  good  education,  and  many  of  them  estab- 
lished in  good  homes. 


Proposed  enlargement 
of  scope. 


The  trustees  now  have  under  consideration  certain 
disposition  of  property  and  proceeds  which,  when  carried 
out,  will  provide  for  material  enlargement  of  the  scope  of 
the  work,  to  the  extent,  at  least,  of  housing  and  caring  for 
from  60  to  100  orphan  girls. 


*  Note. — The  term  "Endowment"  is  used  in  report,  vide  supra,  pp. 
17,  30),  in  connection  with  this  Fund,  purely  for  the  purpose  of  conven- 
ient classification  of  the  general  subject,  and  pertains  wholly  to  benefits 
provided  from  income  arising  from  investment  of  a  principal  sum  or 
fund  specially  donated  by  one  or  more  persons,  the  participants 
neither  making  contributions  to  nor  being  concerned  in  the  administra- 
tion of  such  fund,  application  of  the  net  proceeds  of  which  is  confined 
exclusively  to  beneficiaries  identified  with  specifically  designated 
business  interests.  It  is  thus  obviously  differentiated  from  so-called 
"Endowment  Insurance"  offered  by  the  regular  or  commercial 
insurance  companies,  which  may  be  availed  of  by  the  general  public, 
when  classifiable  as  proper  risks,  and  for  which  a  fixed  premium  is 
charged  and  paid  until  death  of  the  insured  or  the  expiration  of  the 
fixed  period  of  insurance,  when  the  full  amount  involved  is  payable. 


284 


Public  and  Private;  (Outside)  Provision. 


Great  Britain. 


Great  Britain. 


General. 


Special  Funds. 


Great  Central  Railway. 

(468  miles;  20,181  employes.) 

Besides  being  identified  with  the 

"Railway  Benevolent  Institution"  and 

"Railway    Clearing    System    Superannuation    Fund 
Corporation," 
discussed  elsewhere  in  this  report,  the  Company  is  also 
interested   in   the  two  following  forms  of  outside  provi- 
sion, viz.: 

"Sir  Edward  Watkin  Meritorious  Conduct  Fund"  and 
"Edward  Ross  Memorial  Fund." 


a. — Sir  Edward  Watkin  Meritorious  Conduct 
Fund. 


Inauguration. 


Objects. 


Financing. 


Grants. 


Capital. 


Established  January,  1890. 

Provides  for  grants  of  money  and  certificates  as  reward 
for  acts  of  bravery  and  other  performances  of  exceptional 
merit  on  the  part  of  employes. 

Represents  the  sum  of  ,£1,475  12s.  6d.  given  by  the  late 
Chairman  of  the  Railway  Company,  Sir  Edward  W.  Watkin, 
for  the  purpose  above  indicated. 

Total  yearly  grants  limited  to  annual  income. 

Capital  as  of  July  30,  1904,  £2,012  4s.  2d. 


Disbursements. 


Disbursements  since  inauguration,  £262  12s.  Od. 


Number  benefited. 


Number  of  participants  since  inauguration, 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


285 


Inauguration 
Objects. 


b. — Edward  Ross  Memorial  Fund. 

Established  April,  1892. 

Provides  relief  for  necessitous  cases  arising  from  illness 
or  other  causes. 


Financing. 


Grants. 


Capital. 


Disbursement  b. 


Number  benefited. 


Represents  subscriptions  from  servants  and  personal 
friends  of  the  late  Secretary  of  the  Railway  Company,  Mr. 
Edward  Ross,  made  for  the  purpose  of  raising  a  memorial 
to  his  memory. 

Total  yearly  grants  limited  to  annual  income. 

Capital  at  start  £1,133  2s.  4d. ;  as  of  July  30,  1904,  £1,223 
19s.  4d. 

Disbursements  since  inauguration,  £637  3s.  5d. 

Number  of  participants  since  inauguration,  252. 


General. 


Sundry  outside 
organizations. 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 

(1,945}  miles;  82,835  employes.) 

General. 

There  are  various  agencies  throughout  the  United 
Kingdom  established  generally  for  the  benefit  of  railway 
employes,  and  which  are  usually  supported  by  voluntary 
contributions.  The  largest  of  these  is  the  "Railway 
Benevolent  Institution,"  established  in  1858.  The  London 
&  North  Western  Railway  Company's  employes  have  but 
little  need  of  outside  assistance  in  this  direction,  for  the 
reason,  as  shown  under  appropriate  heads  in  this  report, 
that  both  the  salaried  and  wages  staff  are  adequately 
provided  for  by  the  establishment  and  conduct  of  the 
"Superannuation  Fund"  and  "Widows  and  Orphans' 
Society"    and   the   "Insurance   Society"    and    "Provident 


286 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


and  Pension  Society,"  together  with  sundry  other  insur- 
ance organizations.  The  employes  are,  however,  identified 
to  some  extent  in  the  following  independent  insurance 
and  pension  organizations,  each  of  which  will  be  discussed, 
from  the  Company's  standpoint,  in  the  order  next  herein- 
after recited: 


Insurance. 


Insurance. 

a. — Railway  Benevolent  Institution. 

b. — United  Kingdom    Railway  Officers  and  Servants' 

Association. 
c. — Railway  Guards'  Universal  Friendly  Society  and 

Widows  and  Orphans'  Fund. 
d. — United    Kingdom    Railway    Temperance    Union 

Provident  and  Benefit  Fund. 


Pension. 


Railway  Benevolent 
Institution. 


Superannuation  or  Pension. 

e. — Railway  Clearing    System    Superannuation   Fund 
Corporation. 

Hospital  Service. 
/. — Ambulance  Association. 

Railway  Temperance  Union. 
g. — United  Kingdom  Railway  Temperance  Union. 

a. — Railway  Benevolent  Institution. 

Certain  salient  features  of  this  Institution  are  exploited 
elsewhere  in  Report  (vide  infra,  pp.  295,  296).  It  is  con- 
ducted for  the  benefit  of  railway  officers  and  servants, 
and  their  orphans,  widows,  and  children. 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


287 


Status  of  London  & 
North  Western  Railway 
in  fund. 


The  London  &  North  Western  Railway  Company's 
employes  are  identified  with  the  Casualty  Fund  in  the 
following  relations,  viz.: 


Number  of 

Members 

1903 

Number 

Relieved 

1903 

London  &  North  Western. 

10,954 

318 
11 

671 

London  &  North  Western    and    Great    Western 
Joint. 

4 

London  &  North  Western  and  Midland  Joint 

1 

General  objects. 


List  of  funds. 


b. — United  Kingdom  Railway  Officers  and. 
Servants'  Association. 

This  Association  was  founded  in  1861. 

Objects  are  to  grant  temporary  and  permanent  assistance 
to  persons  in  the  service  of  railway  companies  or  railway 
contractors,  in  event  of  accident  or  severe  illness ;  annuities 
in  old  age,  or  if  otherwise  incapacitated  for  work;  and  to 
assist  members  of  their  families  at  death ;  also  maintenance 
of  an  Orphan  Fund  to  provide  help  for  the  offspring  of  those 
who  lose  their  lives  in  their  hazardous  duties. 

Association  has  four  funds,  i.  e.,  "Pension,"  "Sick," 
"  Death,"  and  "  Orphan."  A  person  may  join  one  or  more 
at  option,  and  does  not  lose  membership  benefits  by  leaving 
the  railway  service  if  he  does  not  reside  out  of  the  United 
Kingdom. 


1. — PENSION  FUND. 

Contributions,  Is.  6d.  per  quarter. 

Benefits  consist  of  pensions  of  .£15  and  ,£20,  candidates 
being  elected  by  votes  of  subscribers. 

Amount  paid  io  members  during  year  ended  December 
31,  1903: 

Pensions £  1 ,643     15s.     Od. 

Special  grants. 162     lis.     Od. 


288  Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 

2. — death  fund. 

Payments  to  this  fund,  6d.  at  the  death  of  a  member  or 
his  wife  (not  to  exceed  one  "call"  per  week),  and  manage- 
ment fee,  weekly,  Id.  Each  member  is  free  and  entitled 
to  receive  the  death  allowance  immediately  his  first  sub- 
scription is  paid. 

Benefits : 

Allowance  at  the  death  of  a  member  or  his  wife,  amount 
payable  at  present  being  ,£30. 

Amount  paid  to  widows  and  members  during  the  year 
ended  December  31,  1903,  £1,100. 


3. — SICK  FUND. 


Contributions : 


Age  not  exceeding  24  years 4  d.  per  week. 

Exceeding  24  and  not  over  34  years.. 5  d.  per  week. 

Exceeding  34  and  not  over  40  years.. 5£d.  per  week. 

Exceeding  40  and  not  over  45  years. 6Jd.  per  week. 

Extra  2d.  per  month,  of  4  weeks,  charged  for  management  fee. 
Entrance  fee,  2s.  6d. 

Benefits : 

12s.  per  week  in  sickness,  members  being  entitled  to 
half  sick  allowance  in  three  months  and  full  sick 
pay  in  six  months. 

Amount  paid  to  members  during  year  ended  December 
31,  1903,  £3,445  17s.  6d. 

4. — ORPHAN  FUND. 

Contributions,  Is.  3d.  per  quarter. 

Benefits  consist  of  provision  for  destitute  orphan  children 
of  railway  servants  or  the  servants  of  railway  agents  of 
every  grade,  until  they  attain  the  age  of  14  years. 

Amount  granted  during  year  ended  December  31,  1903, 
£64  7s.  6d. 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


289 


i\ggregate  amount  of  benefits  conferred  on  railway 
servants  and  their  wives  and  families  since  establishment 
of  the  Institution  to  end  of  December,  1903,  amounted  to 
.£177,291  3s.  6d.,  made  up  as  follows: 

Widows  and  members  (from  Death  Fund) £51,356  0s.  Od. 

Annuitants 37,390  10s.  6d. 

Sickness  (since  1874) . 76,582  10s.  6d. 

Special  grants 7,658  4s.  6d. 

Orphans 4,303  18s.  Od. 

£177,291       3s.     6d. 

Association  income  in  1903  amounted  to  £10,144. 
Expenditure  during  1903,  £8,756. 
Investments,  £9,029. 
Number  of  persons  assisted,  1,619. 


Railway  Guards'  Friendly 
Society. 


c. — Railway  Guards'  Universal  Friendly  Society 
and  Widows  and  Orphans'  Fund. 


Inauguration. 
General  objects. 


The  Society  was  founded  June  11,  1849. 

Objects  are  to  provide  for  railway  guards  on  all  lines 
throughout  Great  Britain  the  ordinary  advantages  of  a 
benefit  society,  and,  in  addition,  two  special  benefits 
of  a  most  unique  and  exceptional  character,  namely: 

a. — Sick  pay  for  life  for  all  members  who  may  become 
permanently  disabled  after  10  years'  member- 
ship, either  from  injuries  or  constitutional 
causes ;   and 

b. — Annuities  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  those 
deceased. 


Membership  eligibility. 


Railway  guards,  brakesmen,  and  conductors,  who  have 
received  their  official  appointment  as  such,  are  eligible  to 
membership,  provided  their  ages  do  not  exceed  35  years. 

Members  leaving  the  railway  service  are  allowed  to  con- 
tinue membership  in  the  Society. 


290 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


Benefits  extended  by  Society  to  membership  are : 

a. — An  allowance  of  20s.,  15s.,  or  10s.  per  week  in 
ordinary  cases  of  sickness. 

b. — Permanent  pay  to  those  who  become  totally  dis- 
abled after  10  years'  membership,  under  graduat- 
ing scale. 

c — A  sum  of  ,£40,  .£30,  or  ,£20  at  death  of  a  member, 
and  if  married  a  sum  of  ,£20,  .£15,  or  .£10,  respec- 
tively, at  death  of  member's  wife. 

d. — Bonus  of  ,£40  or  an  annuity  of  ,£13  to  widows  and 
orphans  of  deceased  member. 


Sick  Fund  accounts. 


Contributory  period. 


Three  accounts  are  kept  of  money  disbursed  in  connection 
with  Sick  Fund,  namely: 

a. — Casual  or  ordinary  sickness. 

b. — Casual  injuries. 

c. — Permanent  sickness  or  injury. 

Casual  or   Ordinary   Sickness    and    Casual    Injuries    (Sick 
Fund) : 

In  case  of  claim  under  this  head  the  member  is  accorded 
full  pay  for  a  maximum  period  of  26  weeks,  and  a  sum  not 
exceeding  half  pay  for  remainder  of  term. 

Permanent  Sick  and  Injured  Pay  (Sick  Fund) : 

Intended  to  be  applicable  to  members  laboring  under 
the  following  misfortunes,  namely: 

a. — Loss  of  limbs  or  the  use  thereof. 

b. — Loss  of  eyesight,  or  injuries  of  such  a  nature  or 
other  decided  and  incurable  ailments  as  per- 
manently to  incapacitate  a  member  from  earn- 
ing his  livelihood,  provided  that  such  loss  or 
injury  is  due  to  causes  other  than  profligacy, 
quarreling,   fighting,   drunkenness,  or  immorality. 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


291 


Member  not  eligible  to  claim  this  allowance  until  he  has 
been  a  contributor  for  a  period  of  two  years,  after  which 
time  the  benefits  payable  are: 

After  2  years  and  under    5 Half  pay. 

After  5  years  and  under  10 Three-quarters  pay. 

After  10  years.. Full  pay. 


Commutation  of  allowance. 


A  claimant  under  this  head  may  accept,  and  the  Associ- 
ation may  pay,  such  sum  as  may  be  agreed  upon  between 
the  claimant  and  the  General  Committee  in  liquidation 
of  the  claim. 


Old-age  annuity. 


Member  having  left  the  railway  service,  and  being  over 
70  years  of  age,  providing  he  has  been  a  subscribing  member 
for  40  years,  may  claim  half  permanent  pay.  He  will  be 
required  to  contribute  to  all  funds  other  than  the  Sick  Fund, 
but  will  not  be  required  to  furnish  medical  certificate,  or  be 
subject  to  same  rules  and  regulations  in  force  in  respect  to 
permanent  sick  or  injured  members. 


Entrance  fee. 


Entrance  fee  of  Is.  only  is  required  of  a  proposed  member 
under  25  years  of  age;  and  for  member  25  to  30  years  of 
age,  2s.  6d. 


Basis  of  subscription.  Members  may  subscribe  in  accordance  with  their  means 

and  wishes  for  any  of  the  above-named  rates  in  the  Sick 
and  Death  Funds,  with  the  exception  that  if  over  30  years 
of  age  at  the  time  of  joining  the  Society  they  cannot  sub- 
scribe for  the  highest  sick  or  death  benefits. 


Sick  Fund  contributions. 


Contributions — Sick  Fund: 


A  table  of  monthly  contributions,  compiled  by  an  eminent 
actuary,  payable  at  any  age  from  18  to  35  years,  has  been 
adopted  for  this  fund,  so  that  the  younger  the  member  may 
be  at  time  of  joining  the  Society  the  lower  the  subscription 
he  will  have  to  pay. 


292 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


Death  Fund  contributions. 


Contributions — Death  Fund : 


These  are  per  lunar  month  for 

£40  rate:  If  single,  Is.  2d. 
£30  rate:  If  single,  lid. 
£20  rate:  If  single,  7d. 


if  married,  Is.  6d. 
if  married,  Is.  2d. 
if  married,        9d. 


A  member  who  may  marry  after  joining  the  Society  may 
enroll  his  wife  in  this  fund  by  making  application  within  12 
months  of  such  marriage  and  proportionately  increasing 
his  contributions. 


Widows  and  Orphans'  Fund 
contributions. 


Contributions — Widows  and  Orphans'  Fund : 

These  are  per  lunar  month : 

Under  25  years  of  age Is.  9d. 

25  and  under  30  years  of  age 2s.  Od. 

30  and  under  35  years  of  age 2s.  3d. 


All  members  take  sick  and 
death  benefits. 


All  members  must  subscribe  for  both  sick  and  death 
benefits,  but  it  is  optional  whether  they  subscribe  to  the 
Widows  and  Orphans'  Fund. 


Society  expenditure  since 
inauguration. 


Since  the  Society  first  opened  its  funds  for  relief  of 
members,  54  years  ago,  it  has  paid  to  the  several  classes 
of  claimants,  as  noted  below,  the  aggregate  sum  of  £277,3S9 
18s.  1M.,  made  up  as  follows: 

Sick  and  injured  members £204,722  5s.  5d. 

Payments  at  death  of  members  and 

wives 48,984  12s.  lid. 

Widows  and  orphans 23,682  19s.  9£d. 


Receipts  and  expenditure 
in  1903. 


Contributions  by  members  to  Sick  Fund  during  the  year 
ending  June  3,  1903,  amounted  to  £5,698,  and  the  pay- 
ments to  £9,840,  and  of  the  latter  amount  £4,811  repre- 
sented "sick  and  injured  pay"  and  £5,029  amount  granted 
to  permanently  disabled  members. 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


293 


Contributions  by  members  to  Death  Fund  for  the  year 
ending  June  3,  1903  amounted  to  £2,075,  and  the  expendi- 
ture to  £1,620. 

Contributions  by  members  to  Widows  and  Orphans'  Fund 
during  the  ending  June  3,  1903  amounted  to  £64,  and  the 
expenditure  to  £542. 


No.  members. 


Number  of  members  of  Society  enrolled  on  June  3,  1903, 
was  2,989. 


d. — United  Kingdom  Railway  Temperance  Union 
Provident  and  Benefit  Fund. 


Temperance  Union 
Provident  and  Benefit 
Fund. 


This  Society  had  been  in  existence  15  months  December 
31,  1903. 

During  the  period  named  122  members  were  admitted 
to  the  Total  Abstinence  Section  and  17  into  the  General 
Section;  and  of  these  2  withdrew  and  5  lapsed,  the  total 
number  of  members  on  December  31,  1903,  being  132. 

Number  of  members  receiving  sick  pay  was  6  in  Total 
Abstinence  Section  and  1  in  General  Section.  Membership 
contribution  to  this  fund  is  Is. 


Clearing  House  Fund. 


e. — Railway  Clearing  System  Superannuation 
Fund  Corporation. 


This  Fund  discussed  as  a  distinct  undertaking  elsewhere 
herein,  vide  infra,  pp.  297,  298,  299. 


Ambulance. 


/. — Ambulance  Association. 


St.  John  Ambulance 

Association. 

Inauguration. 


St.  John  Ambulance  Association  was  established  in  1887, 
by  the  Duke  of  Manchester  and  the  Chapter  of  the  Order 
of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem.* 


294 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


Object. 


It  has  for  its  object  the  dissemination  of  general  informa- 
tion on  preliminary  treatment  of  the  sick  and  injured  among 
all  classes  of  society. 


Certificates  awarded. 


A  course  of  instruction  is  given  to  students,  and  those 
passing  the  examination  receive  a  certificate  of  proficiency. 
Upwards  of  400,000  certificates  have  been  awarded  to  per- 
sons of  both  sexes. 


Invalid  Corps. 


An  Invalid  Transport  Corps  has  been  formed. 


Brigade  work. 


On  public  occasions  ambulance  stations  are  created  by 
the  members  of  the  different  corps  of  the  "St.  John  Ambu- 
lance Brigade,"  and  "first  aid"  is  extended  both  in  cases 
of  injuries  from  accident  and  of  sudden  illness. 


Spread  of  plan. 


The  work  has  been  extended  to  the  East  and  West  Indies, 
Canada,  China,  Australia,  New  Zealand,  and  various  parts 
of  Europe  and  Africa. 


*  Note.— In  the  year  1023  certain  merchants  of  Amalfi,  Italy  (which  during 
the  tenth  and  eleventh  centuries  was  an  independent  republic  of  considerable  com- 
mercial importance,  with  a  trade  extending  into  Egypt  and  the  East),  obtained 
permission  from  the  caliph  of  Egypt  to  establish  a  hospital  in  Jerusalem  for 
the  use  of  "poor  and  sick  Latin  pilgrims."  With  the  increased  utility  of  the 
undertaking  organization  became  necessary,  and  in  this  organization  is  to  be 
found  the  origin  of  the  Order  of  Saint  John. 


g. — United  Kingdom  Railway  Temperance  Union. 


General  characteristics  of  the  Union  are  presented  herein, 
under  above  heading  (vide  supra,  p.  293). 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


295 


General. 


Great  Britain.    (General.) 


Railway  Benevolent  Institution. 


Inauguration. 


Head  Office  at  London,  England.     Established  in  1858. 


Objects. 


Design:  Relief  of  necessitous  orphans,  children  and 
widows  of  officers  and  servants,  and  of  disabled  and  necessi- 
tous officers  and  servants,  of  railways  and  canal  companies, 
the  railway  clearing  houses,  and  of  railway  carrying  agents, 
in  the  United  Kingdom.  In  the  conduct  of  the  plan 
special  funds  are  created  and  maintained. 


Contributions. 


Minimum  officers'  subscription,  10s.  6d.  per  annum,  and 
servants',  8s.  per  annum. 


Benefits. 


Benefits,  minimum,  between  5  and  13  years'  member- 
ship, maximum  allowance,  .£13  per  annum;  over  13  years', 
additional  maximum  allowance  of  £1  per  annum  up  to  £26 
for  officers.  Servants  between  5  and  10  years',  £10  per 
annum;  10  years'  and  over,  an  additional  £1  per  annum  for 
each  completed  year  up  to  £20  per  annum. 


Statistics. 


One  hundred  and  twenty-four  railways  are  participants 
in  the  fund,  principally  through  membership  in  its  Casualty 
Fund,  which  in  1903  had  121,619  subscribers,  and  which 
during  the  same  year  relieved  5,163  cases  of  disablement 
and  death. 


296 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


Railway  Benevolent 
Institution. 
Casualty  Fund. 


The  following  railways  of  Great  Britain  addressed  by  the 
Reporter,  and  from  which  replies  were  not  received  on 
insurance  undertakings,  are  subscribers  to  the  Railway 
Benevolent  Institution,  being  participants  in  the  "Casualty 
Fund,"  viz.: 


Railway  Benevolent  Institution- 
Casualty  Fund 

Name  of  Road 

Mileage 

Number 

Members, 

1903 

Number 

Relieved, 

1903 

Belfast  &  Northern  Coun- 
ties Railway 

200.5 

960 

257 

94 
159 

52 
506 
337 

1,078 

485 

27 

484 

87 
70 

62 

538 

40 

17 
204 

48.25 

662 

594 

1,368 

560 

205 

106 

35 

1,640 

707 

13 
281 
20 

1,053 

208 
272 

208 

2,321 

43 

1,787 

1,339 

60 

4,661 

25 

Caledonian  Railways 

12 

Cambrian  Railways 

20 

Cork,     Bandon     &     South 
Coast  Railway 

15 

Dublin,   Wicklow   &  Wex- 
ford Railway 

1 

East  &  West  Junction  Rail- 
way  

Glasgow  &  South  Western 
Railway 

14 

Great    North    of    Scotland 
Railway 

8 

Great  Southern  &  Western 
Railway 

1 

Highland  Railway 

7 

Isle  of  Man  Railwav 

London,  Brighton  &  South 
Coast  Railway.. 

30 

London,   Tilbury  &  South 
Knd  Railway 

3 

Metropolitan  Railway  

10 

Midland  &  South  Western 
Junction  Railway 

8 

Midland      Great      Western 
Railwav  

186 

Neath  &  Brecon  Railway 
North  London  Railway 
North  Staffordshire  Railway 
Rhymney  Railway 

2 
115 

54 

South  Eastern  &  Chatham 
Railway 

125 

Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


297 


Railway  Clearing  House. 


Origin. 


Institution. 


Legal  powers. 


Service  age. 
Financing. 


Retirement. 


Commutation. 

Basis  of  railway 
contribution. 


Make-up  of  fund. 


Railway  Clearing  System  Superannuation  Fund  Corporation. 

This  is  an  offshoot  of  the  Railway  Clearing  House.  The 
growth  of  the  railway  business  in  Great  Britain,  coupled 
with  the  necessity  for  joint  or  inter-road  billing  arrange- 
ments, providing  for  billing  business  through  over  the  lines 
of  two  or  more  connecting  railways,  resulted  in  the  forma- 
tion by  some  of  the  roads,  among  themselves,  of  an  asso- 
ciation to  facilitate  the  interchange  of  traffic;  this  was 
styled  the  "Railway  Clearing  House,"  and  it  was  first 
inaugurated  in  1847;  three  years  later  it  was  duly  incor- 
porated by  the  Parliamentary  Railway  Clearing  Act  of 
1850.  It  may  sue  and  be  sued.  Any  railway  may  join  or 
retire  from  it  on  one  month's  notice;  and  may  be  obliged 
to  retire  at  request  of  two-thirds  of  the  associated  roads. 
Each  road  is  represented  by  a  delegate;  and  these  dele- 
gates constitute  a  committee  for  transacting  business. 
The  committee  is  invested  with  power  to  adjust  all  accounts 
between  associated  companies,  and  its  decisions  are  final 
and  conclusive.  Any  balance  due  from  a  company  is  a 
debt  to  the  committee,  for  the  recovery  of  which  legal 
remedy  is  provided. 

Maximum  service  entrance  age  to  Fund,  45  years. 

Members  contribute  2\  per  centum  on  salaries,  with  like 
contribution  by  the  Clearing  Committee.  Additional 
contribution  for  those  joining  when  over  24  years  of  age. 

Retirement  conditions  based  on  fiftieth  parts  and  other- 
wise same  as  for  roads  of  Great  Britain  herein  discussed, 
■vide  supra. 

Commutation  of  allowances  permitted. 

Railway  companies  and  joint  committees  subscribing  to 
the  Fund  contribute  thereto  for  each  calendar  month  2^ 
per  centum  on  salaries  of  such  month  of  all  their  salaried 
officers  and  clerks,  who  are  Fund  members,  also  such  addi- 
tional subscription  which  any  of  such  employes  pay  to  the 
Fund  beyond  2\  per  centum  on  salaries  in  consideration  of 
time  being  added  to  the  membership. 

September  30,  1903,  the  Fund  comprised  the  Railway 
Clearing  Committee,  37  railways  and  26  joint  railway  com- 
mittees, representing  a  total  membership  of  14,954,  with 


298 


Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


Receipts  and  disbursements. 


Table  of  Clearing  System 
Fund  Membership  Roads. 


366  annuitants,  vide  infra.  Fully  95  per  centum  of  mem- 
bership roads  have  no  funds  of  their  own,  and  insure  their 
employes  exclusively  in  the  Clearing  House  Fund. 

Receipts  for  30  years,  1874  to  1903,  inclusive,  .£1,520,610 
4s.,  and  receipts  for  year  ended  September  30,  1903, 
£119,854  9s.  8d.  Disbursements  for  same  period, 
£417,413  6s.  10d.,  and  for  year  ended  September  30,  1903, 
£54,357  8s.  4d.  Up  to  September  30,  1903,  £267,118  2s. 
9d.  had  been  paid  to  640  annuitants,  of  whom  366  were  on 
the  books  at  that  date,  with  pensions  amounting  in  the 
aggregate  to  £41,965  0s.  4d.  per  annum. 

Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Railway  Clearing  System 
Superannuation  Fund  Corporation  for  the  year  ended 
30th  September,  1903,  shows  the  following  status  for 
annuitants  and  contributing  membership: 


Road 

Members 

Annui- 
tants 

Railwav  Clearing  Committee 

Barry  Railway  Company  .                         

2,69S 

139 

63 

1 

1 

187 

25 

29 

270 

2 

2,558 

16 

434 

413 

314 

15 

376 

264 
4 

84 
14 

1 

1 

22 

290 

45 
57 

114 

Belfast  &  County  Down  Railway  Company. 
*  Brecon  &  Merthvr   Railway  Company 

^Caledonian  Railway  Company 

Cambrian  Railway  Company 

Cleator  &  Workington  June.  Railway  Company 
Dublin,  Wicklow  &  Wexford  Railway  Company 

Furness  Railway  Company 

*Glasgow  &  South  Western  Railway  Company.... 
Great  Central  Railway  Company 

32 

*Great  Northern  Railway  Company 

Great  Northern  Railway  Company  (Ireland) 

Great  North  of  Scotland  Railway  Company.. 
Great  Southern  &  Western  Railway  Company 
(Ireland)  .  

16 
16 

*Great  Western  Railway  Company 

1 

Highland  Railway  Company 

20 

Hull,  Barnsley  &  West  Riding   Junction    Rail- 
way and  Dock  Company. 

*Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railwav  Company. 
Lancashire,  Derbyshire  &  East  Coast  Railway 
Company 

*London  &  North  Western  Railway  Company... 
*London  &  South  Western  Railway  Company.... 
*London,    Brighton    &    South    Coast    Railway 

1 

London,  Chatham  &  Dover  Railway  Company 
London,  Tilbury  &  Southend  Railway  Company 
Manchester,  South  Junction  &  Altrincham  Rail- 

2 

Maryport  &  Carlisle  Railway  Company  

Carried  forward. 

8,323 

202 

Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 


299 


Road 


Annui- 
tants 


Brought  forward 

Mersey  Railway  Company.. 

Metropolitan  Railway  Company. 

Metropolitan  District  Railway  Company 

♦Midland  Railway  Company — 

Midland  Great  Western   Railway  Company  of 

Ireland 

North  London  Railway  Company 

North  Staffordshire  Railway  Company. 

Rhondda  &  Swansea  Bay  Railway  Company  .... 

Rhymney  Railway  Company..... 

South  Eastern  Railway  Company 

Taff  Vale  Railway  Company.. 


Committee. 

Birkenhead  Park  Station  Joint  Committee 

Carlisle  Citadel  Station  Joint  Committee.. 

Cheshire  Lines  Railway  Joint  Committee.. 

Dumbarton  and  Balloeh  Joint  Committee. 

Dundee  and  Arbroath  Joint  Committee. 

East  London  Joint  Committee. 

Glasgow,  Barrhead  and  Kilmarnock  and  Glas 
gow  and  Paisley  Railways  Joint  Committee. 
♦Hammersmith  and  City    Railway    Joint   Com- 
mittee.  - - - 

Irish  Railways  London  Office  Committee. 

London  &  North  Western  and  Great  Western 
Joint  Railway  Committee 

Macclesfield  Railway  Joint  Committee 

Metropolitan  and  Metropolitan  District   (City 
Lines)  Joint  Committee 

Midland  &  Great  Northern  Joint  Railway  Com- 
mittee.  : 

Northern   Counties  Committee  (Midland  Rail-J 
way) - 

North    &    South  Western    Junction    Railway 
Joint  Committee 

Oldham,  Ashton  &  Guide  Bridge  Junction  Rail- 
way Joint  Committee.. — 

Perth  General  Station  Joint  Committee........ 

Portpatrick  and  Wigtownshire  Joint  Committee 

Railway  Clearing  Committee  (Ireland) 

Railway  Companies  Association.... 

Sheffield  &  Midland  Railway  Joint  Committee.... 

Somerset  &  Dorset  Railway  Joint  Committee.... 

South    Eastern    and    London,  Chatham    and 
Dover  Railways  Managing  Committee..... 

South  Eastern  and  London  .Chatham  and  Dover 
(Dover  &  Deal  Railway)  Joint  Committee 

West  London  Extension  Railway  Joint  Com- 
mittee  — 

Whitechapel  &  Bow  Railway  Joint  Committee.. 


8,323 

17 

366 

155 

12 

278 
219 
616 

40 
114 

28 
350 


2 
22 
913 
26 
50 
16 

54 

5 

1 

226 
21 

13 
276 
199 

14 

7 

5 

10 

107 

2 

28 

161 

2,254 

4 

11 
9 


Total. , 1 14,954 


202 


14 

15 

7 


1 

11 


1 
2 

84 


366 


*  Members  in  service  of  companies  preceded  by  the  asterisk  (*)  were  trans- 
ferred from  other  services  after  they  had  joined  the  Fund. 


300  Public  and  Private  (Outside)  Provision. 

Australasia. 

Tasmania  Government  Railways. 

(462  miles;  969  employes.) 

inauguration.  Effective  as  of  October,  1902,  the  Government,  through 

the  medium  of  parliamentary  grants,  makes  the  following 
provision  in  event  of  sickness  or  death,  viz.: 

Sickness.  Sickness : 

a. — One  month's  leave  of  absence  is  granted  to  any 
civil  servant  who,  after  four  years'  continuous 
service,  retires  from  the  civil  service  through 
sickness,  or  is  retrenched;  and  one  week's 
additional  leave,  on  full  pay,  is  granted  to  any 
such  servant  for  every  year's  service  performed 
in  excess  of  said  four  years,  provided  that  in 
no  case  such  leave  of  absence  exceeds  twelve 
months. 

Death: 
Death,  b. — If  any  civil  servant  dies  while  in  Government 

service,  a  gratuity  is  paid  his  widow,  family,  or 
legal  representative,  equal  to  one  month's  pay 
and  emoluments,  providing  such  servant  has 
completed  two  years'  continuous  service;  and 
one  week's  pay  and  emoluments  for  every 
year's  service,  or  portion  thereof,  performed  in 
excess  of  said  two  years. 


L. — Leave  Allowance. 


General  vogue. 


Classification. 


Asia. 

This  is  a  system  obtaining  generally  among  East  Indian 
railways,  providing  for  furloughing  servants  or  employes, 
both  with  and  without  pay,  on  the  basis  of  continuous 
years  of  service,  four  classes  of  leaves  prevailing,  viz.: 

A. — General  Leave. 
B. — Sick  Leave. 
C. — Privilege  Leave. 
D. — Special  Leave. 

The  provisions  of  the  Burma  Railways  Company  in  this 
respect,  as  recited  below,  stand  for  the  general  practice  in 
this  relation : 


Furlough  or  general  leave. 


A. — Furlough  or  General  Leave: 

Agent  of  the  Company  may  grant  furlough  to  any 
European  servants,  who  can  be  conveniently  spared,  on 
the  following  scale: 

12  months  after  6  years'  service. 

14  months  after  7  years'  service. 

16  months  after  8  years'  service. 

18  months  after  9  years'  service. 

Subsequent  furlough  may  be  granted  for  a  period  not 
exceeding  two  months  for  each  additional  year  of  further 
service. 

No  second  or  subsequent  furlough  granted  until  after  a 
further  actual  service  of  three  (3)  years,  commencing  with 
date  of  expiration  of  previous  furlough;  and  no  single 
furlough  is  granted  for  a  longer  period  than  eighteen 
months. 

With  the  proviso  that  no  furlough  pay  shall  exceed  the 
rate  of  ,£1,000  per  annum,  an  employe  of  the  Company 
absent  on  furlough  will  be  allowed  half  the  substantive 
(real  or  actual)  pay  of  his  appointment,  excluding  all 
allowances  except  personal  allowances. 
(301) 


302 


Leave  Allowance. 


Sick  leave. 


B. — Sick  Leave: 

Agent  may  grant  leave  of  absence  for  any  period  not 
exceeding  twelve  months,  upon  production  of  certificate 
from  the  Company's  medical  officer  declaring  that  he  is  of 
opinion  that  sick  leave  is  necessary. 

Sick-leave  pay  not  to  exceed  rate  of  ,£1,000  per  annum, 
and  with  this  proviso  employe  absent  on  sick  certificate 
will  be  allowed  half  the  substantive  pay  of  his  appointment, 
subject  to  minimum  of  three-fourths  of  last  salary.  Full 
pay  is  admissible  during  periods  of  absence  not  exceeding 
sixty  days  in  all  in  any  year. 


Privilege  leave. 


Special  leave. 


C. — Privilege  Leave: 

The  amount  of  privilege  leave  is  one-eleventh  part  of  the 
time  during  which  employe  has  been  on  duty  without 
interruption,  and  the  calculation  should  be  made  as  follows : 
One  calendar  month  for  every  eleven  calendar  months  of 
duty,  and  one  day  for  every  eleven  days  of  the  balance. 

D. — Special  Leave: 

Where  service  has  not  been  less  than  two  years,  leave 
may  be  granted  on  urgent  private  affairs  for  any  period 
not  exceeding  six  months,  no  pay  or  allowance  being  drawn 
for  such  leave. 


The  foregoing  provisions  relate  to  superior  officers;  there 
is,  however,  also  provision  for  all  servants  not  in  that 
grade. 


Government  provision. 


Australasia. 

Tasmanian  Government  Railways. 

(462  miles;  969  employes.) 

The  Government,  by  parliamentary  grants,  provides  for 
leaves  of  absence,  based  on  length  of  continuous  service. 
{Vide  supra,  page  300," K. — Public  and  Private  (Outside) 
Provision.") 


Miscellaneous  undertakings. 


M. — Miscellaneous  Provision. 

General :  A  great  deal  of  information  of  a  miscellaneous 
character  reached  the  Reporter,  from  railways  in  general, 
comprehending  provident  endeavor  in  channels  of  compara- 
tively minor  importance.  This  embraces,  inter  alia,  dormi- 
tories, rest-rooms,  club-rooms,  dining-rooms,  widows'  funds, 
orphans'  funds,  etc.  They  are  mentioned  in  this  place 
merely  to  more  fully  round  out  the  nature  and  extent  of 
provident  effort. 


Great  Eastern  Railway. 


Stratford  dormitory. 


Parkeston  rest-room. 


Dormitories  and  Rest-Rooms. 

The  following  provision  by  the  Great  Eastern  Railway 
of  England  will  afford  a  good  insight  of  provision  usually 
made  for  employes  in  the  way  of  dormitories  and  rest-rooms : 

At  Stratford,  where  the  Company's  locomotive  and 
carriage  works  are  located,  there  has  been  provided  a 
dormitory  for  the  accommodation  of  enginemen  who  are 
unable  to  return  home  at  night.  It  consists  of  a  sleeping 
chamber  containing  50  cubicles  (i.  e.,  small  compartments 
or  divisions  for  single  sleepers),  a  reading  and  smoking 
room,  provided  with  a  small  library  and  various  games; 
the  daily  newspapers;  a  dining-room  seating  14  persons, 
and  a  kitchen  where  the  men's  food,  which  they  have  to 
supply  themselves,  is  cooked;  there  are  also  baths  and  a 
lavatory,  with  an  ample  supply  of  hot  and  cold  water.  This 
dormitory  was  opened  November  17,  1890,  with  20  beds. 
There  are  now  50  beds  in  all.  The  total  number  of  occupants 
since  the  opening,  in  1890,  was  224,653.  The  enginemen 
are  charged  Is.  3d.  a  night  for  the  accommodations. 

Another  dormitory  was  opened  by  the  Company  at  Strat- 
ford, in  May,  1903,  for  the  use  of  the  guards.  It  is  conducted 
on  very  much  the  same  lines  as  the  one  above  described. 
The  charge  is  Is.  per  night  or  day. 

At   Parkeston,    a   Continental   port,    the    Company   has 

started  a  house  partly  for  the  accommodation  of  the  single 

men  permanently  engaged  there,  and  partly  for  those  men 

who  are  obliged  to  spend  the  night  there.     The  charges 

(303) 


304  Miscellaneous  Provision. 

are  2s.  6d.  per  week,  or  for  a  shorter  time,  6d.  per  night.  Such 
payments  include  the  use  of  cooking  and  eating  utensils, 
and  the  men  cook  their  own  food.  There  is  accommodation 
for  50  occupants,  but  the  average  number  seldom  exceeds  30. 

London  &  North  western  The  London  &    North  Western    Railway  (of    England) 

Railway. 

replies  include  data  on  sundry  miscellaneous  undertakings 
which  are  supplemental  of  those  already  mentioned  for 
other  railway  companies.  These  include  athletic  clubs, 
recreation  grounds,  cricket  and  football  clubs,  railway 
missionary  work,  etc. 

Recreation  Ground. 

A  recreation  ground  was  opened  by  the  Company  at 
Wolverton  in  1885,  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  there,  and 
the  privilege  is  still  enjoyed. 

Cricket  and  Football  Clubs. 

At  St.  Helens  Junction,  where  the  general  stores  of  the 
Company  are  dealt  with,  and  at  other  centres  throughout 
the  system,  the  Company  has  materially  assisted  in  the 
formation  of  cricket  and  football  clubs,  the  officers  also 
rendering  their  support. 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  (London)  Athletic 
Club. 

This  club,  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  connection  with  any 
railway  in  England,  has  been  established  many  years,  and 
has  grown  with  the  expansion  of  the  Company. 

Club  ground,  10  acres  in  extent,  is  situated  within  30 
minutes'  train  ride  from  Euston. 

Managed  by  25  members  representatives  of  the  different 
departments  and  stations.  The  Right  Hon.  Lord  Stalbridge 
is  the  President,  Sir  Frederic  Harrison  Vice-President,  and 
the  Directors  of  the  Company  and  chief  officials  are  patrons. 

Among  other  features  are  cricket,  bowling,  swimming, 
and  life-saving  classes. 

Membership  at  the  present  time  is  about  900,  employed 
at  Euston  Station  and  London  depots. 


Miscellaneous  Provision. 


305 


Crewe  Athletic  Club.  CREWE    ALEXANDRA    ATHLETIC   CLUB. 

Club  was  formed  in  1886  by  the  junior  clerks  of  the 
locomotive  offices,  the  initial  idea  being  to  play  cricket 
only,  membership  being  confined  to  the  clerks  in  the  gen- 
eral offices  at  Crewe.  Gradually,  however,  the  club  ex- 
tended its  sphere  of  operations,  apprentices  in  the  works 
and  youths  in  the  town  being  allowed  to  join,  and  ulti- 
mately, in  1877,  a  new  ground  was  secured,  when  other 
branches  of  sport  were  introduced. 


Missionary  work. 


Missionary  Work. 


a. — LONDON   CITY   MISSIONS. 

London  City  Mission  sent  a  missionary,  who  is  engaged 
in  visiting  the  Railway  Company's  employes  at  the  Lon- 
don station  and  goods  depots.  His  work  is  to  distribute 
tracts,  etc.,  and  generally  attend  to  the  spiritual  welfare  of 
the  men.  The  Railway  Company  contributes  about  one- 
half  of  his  salary. 


b. — RAILWAY   MISSION. 

There  exists  a  society  known  as  the  Railway  Mission, 
which  has  for  its  object  the  propagation  of  the  gospel 
among  railway  men.  This  society  was  inaugurated  and  is 
worked  by  railway  people,  the  office  being  in  London. 


Introduction  and  operation 
of  act. 


Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  1897. 

Many  of  the  English  railways  make  payments  to  injured 
workmen  under  the  provisions  of  an  Act  of  Parliament 
entitled  "The  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  1897."  The 
bill  was  introduced  in  English  Parliament  May  3,  1897, 
and  the  act  became  operative  March  31,  1898.  There 
will  be  next  given  a  resume  of  its  principal  provisions : 


306 


Miscellaneous  Provision. 


Compensation. 


Compensation  for  personal  injury  under  the  act  is  on 
following  scale: 

c. — Where  death  results  from  the  injury,  if  the  work- 
man leaves  dependents,  a  sum  equal  to  his  earn- 
ings during  previous  three  years,  or  sum  of 
,£150,  whichever  of  the  two  sums  is  the  larger, 
but  not  exceeding  ,£300  in  any  case,  provided 
the  amount  of  any  weekly  payments  made 
under  the  act  should  be  deducted  from  such  sum. 

b. — In  case  of  incapacity  for  work,  a  weekly  payment 
during  the  incapacitation,  after  the  second  week, 
not  exceeding  50  per  centum  of  the  workman's 
weekly  earnings  at  time  of  accident,  such  weekly 
payment  not  to  exceed  £1. 


Ambulance  classes. 


♦Ambulance  Classes. 

Ambulance  Classes  are  in  vogue  with  most  of  the  English 
railways,  and  are  supported  wholly  out  of  railway  revenue. 
Their  chief  purpose  is  to  act  as  emergency  men,  and  in  that 
role  provide  immediate  care  and  relief  pending  removal  of 
patient  to  regular  hospital. 

*  Ambulance,  the  French  ambulance,  hopital  ambulant,  derived  from  the  Latin 
ambulare,  to  move  from  place  to  place. 


Widows  and 
Orphans'  Funds. 


Widows  and  Orphans'  Funds. 

These  funds  are  usually  conducted  by  the  workingmen 
of  English  roads,  and  provide  for  small  annual  payments 
to  widows  and  orphans  in  case  of  death  of  the  contributors. 


Orphanage  Societies. 
Orphanage  Societies.  Workingmen  of  English  railways  conduct  these  societies, 

which  have  for  their  object  the  maintenance  and  education 
of  the  children  of  deceased  servants. 


Miscellaneous  Provision. 


307 


Dining-Rooms. 


DINING-ROOMS    AND   CLUBS. 

These  are  usually  conducted  in  connection  with  the 
various  institutes  of  railways  in  Great  Britain,  and  provide 
meals  at  reduced  rates  to  membership. 


Characteristics. 


Friendly  Societies. 

Friendly  Societies  are  a  British  institution,  inaugurated 
among  the  poorer  classes  for  mutual  assistance  against  the 
distress  arising  from  sickness,  accident,  death,  or  other 
causes  of  destitution.  The  formation  of  these  societies 
dates  from  the  eighteenth  century.  They  were  at  first 
merely  a  banding  together  of  a  few  persons  on  unscien- 
tific principles,  but  of  late  years  they  have  been  subjects  of 
Parliamentary  action,  and  are  now  limited  by  law  to  opera- 
tions on  a  basis  founded  on  the  experience  deduced  from 
the  actuaries'  tables  of  insurance.  They  are  limited  to 
annuities  of  ,£50  and  gross  premiums  of  .£200. 


Operative  scope. 


The  Friendly  Societies  Act,  1896,  and  the  Collecting 
Societies  and  Industrial  Assurance  Companies'  Act,  1896, 
consolidate  all  the  law  on  the  subject.  The  societies  in- 
clude Friendly  Societies  proper,  with  their  branches,  Be- 
nevolent Societies,  Cattle  Assurance  Societies,  Working 
Men's  Clubs,  and  specially  authorized  societies  for  various 
purposes,  while,  in  addition,  the  Chief  Registrar  also  deals 
with  Industrial  and  Provident  (Co-operative)  Societies, 
Building  Societies,  Trade  Unions,  certified  Loan  Societies, 
Trustee  Savings  Banks,  Railway  Savings  Banks,  and  cer- 
tain Scientific  and  Literary  Societies  certified  for  exemption 
from  rates. 


List  of  friendly  eocietiee. 


Report  of  Chief  Registrar  of  Friendly  Societies  of  Great 
Britain  for  year  1900  affords  the  following  information  on 
these  societies,  viz.: 


308 


Miscellaneous  Provision. 


Date  of 
Establish- 
ment 


Number 

of 
Members 


♦Midland  Railway  Friendly  Society 

♦Great  Western  Railway  Enginemen  and  Firemen's  Mutual  Assurance,  Sick  and  Super- 
annuation Society 

♦Great  Eastern  Railway  Provident  Society. 

Railway  Guards'  Universal  Friendly  Society.-- 

♦London  &  South  Western  Railway  Friendly  Society 

♦London  &  South  Western  Railway  Widows  and  Orphans'  Benefit  Society 

♦Midland  Railway  Enginemen  and  Firemen's  Life  Assurance  and  Permanent  Incapaci- 
tation Fund 

♦North  London  Railway  Provident  Society 

Scottish  Railway  Servants'  Friendly  Society 

♦North  Staffordshire  Railway  Friendly  Society 

♦Great  Western  Railway  Locomotive  and  Carriage  Department  Sick  Fund 

Railway  Signalmen's  United  Aid  and  Sick  Society 

♦London,  Brighton  &  South  Coast  Railway  Provident  Society 

♦Great  Northern  Railway  Locomotive  Sick  Society 

♦London,  Brighton  &  South  Coast  Railway  Station  Masters  and  Inspectors'  Mutual 

Aid  Society 

♦London  &  South  Western  Railway  New  Provident  and  Sick  Benefit  Society 

♦Caledonian  Railway  Servants'  Friendly  Society 

♦Great  Western  Railway  Provident  Society 

Metropolitan  District  Railway  Mutual  Provident  Society 

Gateshead  and  District  Engine  Drivers,  Firemen  and  Cleaners'  Friendly  Society 

Railway  Men's  Friendly  Society 

♦Glasgow  &  South  Western  Railway  Friendly  Society. 

Waterford,  Limerick  &  Western  Railway  Friendly  Society 

London  &  Suburban  Railway  Officials'  Association. 

Derby  Locomotive  Friendly  Society 

Scottish  Engine  Drivers  and  Firemen's  Friendly  Society 

♦North  Eastern  Railway  Passenger  Signalmen's  Provident  Society. 

♦Midland  Great  Western  Railway  (Ireland)  Benefit  Society 

Railway  Officers  and  Servants'  Sick  Society 

♦North  Eastern  Railway  Provident  Society 

United  Kingdom  Railway  Officers  and  Servants'  Association 

Rugby  and  District  Enginemen  and  Firemen's  Friendly  Society 

♦Belfast  &  Northern  Counties  Railway  Workmen's  Pension  Fund 

♦Belfast  &  Northern  Counties  Railway  Provident  Society 

Reading  Society  of  Railway  Servants  Sick  Benefit  and  Burial  Fund . 

Hull  Railway  Benefit  Society. 

♦Dublin,  Wicklow  &  Wexford  Railway  Friendly  Society 

Middlesbrough  Enginemen,  Firemen  and  Cleaners'  Friendly  Society 

Stoke-on-Trent,  and  District  Enginemen,  Firemen  and  Cleaners'  Friendly  Society 

Glasgow  and  Paisley  and  Glasgow  and  Kilmarnock  Joint  Lines  Servants'  Friendly 

Society 

♦Metropolitan  Railway  Mutual  Provident  Society 

Irish  Railway  Clearing  House  Provident  Society 

♦London,  Brighton  &  South  Coast  Railway  Servants'  Benevolent  Fund 

♦North  Eastern  United  Railway  Servants'  Friendly  Society 

♦Wolverhampton  Great  Western   Railway  Locomotive  Permanent  Sick  and   Burial 

Society 

♦London  &  South  Western  Railway  Guards'  Mutual  Benefit  Fund 

♦Midland  Great  Western  Railway  (Ireland)  Enginemen  and  Firemen's  Friendly  Society. 

Association  of  Railway  Enginemen  and  Firemen  Inchicore  Friendly  Society 

Railway  Provident  Society 

York  North  Eastern  Railway  Friendly  Society 

♦North  Eastern  Railway  Central  Station  and  District  Railwaymen's  Friendly  Society... 

Belfast  &  County  Down  Railway  Servants'  Provident  Society 

♦Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway  Permanent  Way  Friendly  Society.. 

North  of  England  Railway  Servants'  Provident  Benefit  Society. 

Newcastle  and  District  Railwaymen's  Friendly  Society 

♦Glasgow  &  South  Western  Railway  Locomotive  Friendly  Society 

Wigan  Goods  Guards'  Friendly  Society. 

Manchester  &  Milford  Railway  Friendly  Society 

♦Caledonian  Railway  Engine  Drivers  and  Firemen's  Life  Assurance  Friendly  Society.... 
♦North  Eastern  Railway  Provident  Society 

River  Mersey  Engine  Drivers'  Friendly  Society 

Accrington  and  District  Goods  Guards  and  Shunters'  Friendly  Society 

Chester  Railway  Servants'  Sick  and  Burial  Tontine  Society 

Liverpool  Dock  Railway  and  General  Workmen's  Tontine  Society 


1859 

1865 
1851 
1848 
1844 
1861 

1865 
1859 
1881 
1848 
1843 
1865 
1842 
1850 

1874 
1881 
1856 
1880 
1887 
1899 
1898 
1884 
1863 
1873 
1841 
1899 
1885 
1871 
1872 
1857 
1861 
1899 
1899 
1861 
1875 
1866 
1863 
1899 
1899 

1884 
1877 
1888 
1856 
1877 

1877 
1868 
1880 
1899 
1863 
1874 
1898 
1888 
1890 
1868 
1894 
1852 
1886 
1868 
1865 
1872 
1884 
1891 
1896 
1896 


Total  for  64  societies 128,342  £895,430 


32,214  £407,838 

5,863 
9,168 
3,022 
1,876 
285 

890 

799 

3,546 

1,733 

11,448 

499 
3,848 
9,860 

239 

1,028 

4,634 

13,782 

784 

282 

222 
1,523 

704 

165 

403 

290 

700 
1.928 
3,931 

805 

777 

155 

279 

1,389 

96 

49 

864 

112 

132 

350 

1,604 

68 

370 

182 

672 
119 

55 

64 
718 

62 
545 
600 
113 
120 
177 
1,125 

78 

93 
467 
194 

37 

59 

71 

75 


Note. — Roads  preceded  by  asterisk  (♦)  were  addressed  by  the  Reporter  in  prosecution  of  investigation  for 
report  to  the  Congress. 


Uuited  States. 
Brotherhoods. 

General. 


N. — Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods. 
United  States. 

A  review  of  the  composite  picturing  of  the  attitude  of 
railways  operated  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  subject  to 
dominance  by  English-speaking  peoples,  would  be  incomplete 
without  in  some  degree  exploiting  the  principal  railway 
orders  and  brotherhoods. 


Locomotive  Engineers. 


Policies. 


Railway  Conductors. 


Policies. 


Locomotive  Firemen. 
Policies. 


Grand    International    Brotherhood    of    Locomotive 
Engineers. 

Engineers  were  the  first  railroad  employes  to  organize, 
which  was  done  August  17,  1863.  Insurance  provision 
extended  through  a  separate  organization  styled  "The 
Locomotive  Engineers'  Mutual  Life  and  Accident  Insurance 
Association,"  conducted  as  a  mutual  insurance  business. 


Membership    maximum    age,    50    years. 
$750  to  $1,500  issued. 

Membership  about  45,000. 


Policies    from 


Order  of  Railway  Conductors  of  America. 

Organized  in  1878  under  above  title.  Mutual  Benefit 
Department  is  separate  from  general  order  so  far  as  manage- 
ment of  its  funds  is  concerned.  Policies  of  $1,000,  $2,000, 
$3,000,  $4,000,  and  $5,000  issued. 

Membership  about  35,000. 

Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen. 
Organized  December  1,  1873. 

Insurance  divided  into  three  classes:  Class  A,  $500, 
premium  75  cents  per  month;  Class  B,  $1,000,  premium 
$1.50;  Class  C,  $1,500;  premium  $2,00. 

Membership  about  40,000. 
(309) 


310 


Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods. 


Railroad  Trainmen. 


Policies. 


Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen. 
Organized  December  23,  1883. 

Insurance  embraces  three  classes :  Class  A,  $400,  premium 
75  cents  monthly;  Class  B,  $800,  premium  $1.50;  Class  C, 
$1,200,  premium  $2.00. 

Membership  about  69,000. 


Telegraphers. 


Policies. 


Order  of  Railroad  Telegraphers. 
Organized  June  9,  1886. 

Insurance  includes  three  classes :  Class  A,  $300,  premium 
six  payments  annually  of  35  cents  each;  Class  B,  $500,  same 
number  annual  payments  of  50  cents  each;  Class  C,  $1,000, 
same  number  of  annual  payments  of  $1.00  each. 

Membership  about  35,000. 


Trackmen. 
Policies. 


Brotherhood  of  Railway  Trackmen  of  America. 

Organized  in  1891. 

Insurance  feature  provides  two  forms  of  policies:  Class 
A,  $500,  premium  50  cents  per  month;  Class  B,  $1,000, 
premium  $1.00  per  month. 


Carmen. 
Policies. 


Brotherhood  of  Railway  Carmen  of  America. 

Organized  December  9,  1890. 

Three  forms  of  certificates  issued :  $250,  $500,  and  $1,000, 
with  premiums  of  respectively  25  cents,  50  cents,  and  $1.00 
per  month,  on  basis  of  assessment  on  death  of  a  member. 


Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods. 


311 


Bridgemen. 
Benefits. 


Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Bridgemen. 
Organized  about  1900. 
Provides  accident,  sickness,  death,  and  funeral  benefits. 


Switchmen. 


Women's  Auxiliaries. 


Switchmen's  Union  of  North  America. 
Organized  in  1897. 

Brotherhood  Women's  Auxiliaries. 

As  the  title  indicates,  these  are  organizations  composed 
of  women,  their  object  being  to  aid  the  Brotherhoods 
conducted  by  the  men. 


Great  Britain. 
Trade  unions. 


Great  Britain. 

Following  are  recounted  the  principal  trade  unions  of 
railway  workers  in  the  United  Kingdom,  with  the  year  of 
their  formation,  number  of  members,  expenditure  for  sick, 
funeral,  and  other  benefits,  and  balance  of  funds  in  1901, 
the  data  having  been  derived  from  the  Fourteenth  Report 
on  Trade  Unions,  Labor  Department,  Board  of  Trade,  1901 : 


Amalgamated  Society. 

Inauguration. 
Number  branches. 
Number  members. 
Income. 
Expenditure. 
Funds. 


Amalgamated  Society  of  Railway  Servants  of  England, 
Ireland,  Scotland  and  Wales. 

Instituted  during  the  year  1871. 

Branches  at  end  of  1901  numbered  628. 

Number  of  members,  55,941. 

Income  in  1901,  ,£68,912. 

Expenditure  in  1901,  £49,869. 

Funds  at  end  of  1901,  £264,099. 


312 


Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods. 


Locomotive  Engineers. 

Inauguration. 
Number  branches. 
Number  members. 
Income. 
Expenditure. 
Funds. 


Associated    Society    of    Locomotive    Engineers    and 
Firemen. 

Instituted  during  the  year  1880. 
Branches  at  end  of  1901  numbered  123. 
Number  of  members,  10,502. 
Income  in  1901,  £17,908. 
Expenditure  in  1901,  £8,818. 
Funds  at  end  of  1901,  £97,953. 


Railway  Workers. 
Inauguration. 

Number  branches. 

Number  members. 

Income. 

Expenditure. 

Funds. 


General  Railway  Workers'  Union. 
Instituted  during  the  year  1889. 

Branches  at  end  of  1901  numbered  54. 

Number  of  members,  4,699. 

Income  in  1901,  £2,945. 

Expenditure  in  1901,  £1,856 

Funds  at  end  of  1901,  £3,956. 


General  statistics. 


General. 

At  the  end  of  1901  the  number  of  trade  unions  was  1,236, 
with  a  total  membership  of  1,922,780;  and  of  this  total 
membership  10,801  members  of  branches  outside  of  the 
United  Kingdom  were  included. 


Sources  of  income. 


Principal  source  of  income  of  a  trade  union  is,  in  an 
ordinary  year,  the  weekly  contributions  of  its  members  as 
fixed  bv  rule. 


Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods. 


313 


In  addition  there  is  income  from  entrance  fees,  fines, 
profits  from  sales  of  rules,  reports,  membership  cards,  etc., 
interest  on  funds,  and,  in  some  cases,  rent  of  property. 

Income  is  also  sometimes  increased  by  extra  contribu- 
tions and  levies  for  special  purposes.  This  income  is  never 
a  fixed  quantity,  but  varies  according  to  the  needs  of  the 
organization. 

The  average  membership  per  capita  contribution  in  1901 
was  31s.  lHd. 


Sick  and  accident 
benefit. 


Sick  and  Accident  Benefits. 

For  support  of  members  incapacitated  by  sickness  or 
accident,  the  expenditure  taking  the  forms  of  weekly  benefit 
paid  in  sickness,  lump  sums  allotted  as  bonuses  in  cases 
of  disablement  by  accident,  and  grants  which  some  unions 
make  to  hospitals. 


Superannuation  benefit. 


Superannuation  Benefit. 

Paid  by  a  small  number  of  trade  unions  only,  but  this 
number  includes  some  of  the  oldest  and  largest  societies  in 
the  country.  Usually  takes  the  form  of  a  weekly  payment, 
which  varies  greatly  in  amount,  and  may  be  said  to  range 
from  5s.  to  10s.,  although  the  weekly  allowance  is  sometimes 
as  low  as  2s. 


Funeral  benefit. 


Funeral  Benefit. 

Funeral  benefits  are  paid  on  account  of  defunct  members, 
and,  in  some  instances,  of  the  wives  of  members,  a  few  also 
providing  for  the  funerals  of  members'  parents  or  children. 
This  is  the  most  widely  adopted  of  all  the  friendly  benefits 
paid  by  the  unions. 


Dispute  Benefit. 

It  is  the  practice  of  all  trade  unions  to  assist  their  mem- 
bers if  thrown  out  of  employment  by  a  trade  dispute. 


314  Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods. 


Unemployed  Benefit. 

Under  this  head  are  included  allowances  to  members 
who  travel  in  search  of  work,  a  form  of  benefit  specially 
characteristic  of  the  older  unions  in  the  metal  group. 
Emigration  benefit  is  also  embraced. 

Percentage  of  expenditure  by  transportation  branches 
of  the  union  during  period  1892-1901  was:  Dispute  benefit, 
6.8  per  centum;  unemployed,  6.8  per  centum;  sick  and  acci- 
dent benefits,  10.4  per  centum;  superannuation  benefits, 
3.2  per  centum;  funeral  and  other  benefits,  16.5  per  centum; 
working  and  miscellaneous  expenses,  56.3  per  centum. 
Total  expenditure,  .£784,533. 


O. — Palace  or  Sleeping  Car  Companies. 


United  States. 


Railway  practice. 


It  is  customary  with  American  railroad  companies  to 
assign  the  sleeping  car,  parlor  car,  and  dining  car  service 
to  an  independent  operating  company. 


Origin  of  present 
sleeping  car. 


Vestibuling. 


The  sleeping  car  of  the  present  time  originated  with 
George  M.  Pullman,  by  whom  the  Pioneer  A  was  built 
in  1864.  Sleeping  cars  were  soon  succeeded  by  the  buffet 
or  hotel  car,  and  the  latter  was  succeeded  by  the  drawing- 
room  and  dining  cars.  The  "vestibuling"  of  trains, 
enabling  the  convenient  and  safe  passage  from  one  car  in 
a  train  to  another  while  in  motion,  dates  back  to  1852; 
the  first  vestibuled  train,  such  as  are  now  in  use,  was 
designed  and  built  by  Mr.  Pullman,  and  run  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  in  1886. 


Constitution  of 
Pullman  Company. 


Most  of  these  cars  are  owned  and  operated  by  the 
Pullman  Company,  of  Chicago,  111.,  which  represents  a 
consolidation  of  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company,  of 
Chicago,  and  the  Wagner  Palace  Car  Company,  of  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  in  1899. 


The  close  and  inseparable  relations  sustained  by  the 
Pullman  Company  to  the  railroads  obviously  suggested  the 
advisability  of  presenting,  for  Congressional  consideration, 
a  consensus  of  such  replies  as  it  might  furnish  tending  to  set 
forth  steps  taken  to  establish  "provident"  undertakings 
for  its  employes.  The  Company's  status  in  this  relation 
will  be  next  briefly  announced: 
(315) 


316 


Palace  or  Sleeping  Car  Companies. 


Mileage. 

Number  employes. 


The  Pullman  Company. 

Mileage  operated,  175,761  miles. 
Number  of  employes,  20,398. 


Insurance. 


Pension. 


INSURANCE. 

Reply  from  this  Company  indicates  that  it  is  not  in  any 
way  interested  in  insurance  or  relief  undertakings  or  organ- 
izations on  behalf  of  its  employes. 

PENSION. 

The  Company  does  not  conduct  a  regular  pension  system 
on  account  of  its  employes,  but  does,  from  time  to  time, 
retire  some  of  its  old  employes,  there  being  no  definite  basis 
for  such  retirements,  each  individual  case  being  considered 
as  it  arises  and  treated  on  its  merits. 


General. 


General  Comment. 

Apart  from  the  announcements  above  made  as  to  direct 
interest  manifested  by  the  Company  in  the  promotion  and 
conduct  of  provident  undertakings  on  behalf  of  its  em- 
ployes, it  may  be  observed  that  the  Company  encourages 
its  employes  to  carry  good  insurance,  and  also  has  under 
consideration  a  pension  plan  on  their  account.  There  is 
also  conducted,  for  its  transportation  men,  what  is  known 
as  the  "merit  system,"  under  the  operation  of  which  those 
with  over  five  years'  service  to  their  credit  are  rewarded 
by  having  placed  conspicuously  upon  their  service  uniforms 
"meritorious  marks"  indicative  of  actual  years  of  service. 
This  feature  is  highly  appreciated  by  the  traveling  public, 
the  presence  of  these  marks  of  special  distinction  inspiring 
confidence  and  security,  by  reason  of  evidencing  long  and 
faithful  discharge  of  assigned  duties. 


Relation  to  railway  service. 


P. — Express  Companies. 
United  States. 

The  express  business  of  the  United  States  is  almost 
exclusively  conducted  over  the  railways  of  the  country,  the 
ramifications  and  territorial  extent  of  the  roads  reaching 
every  point  of  importance  in  the  United  States,  Canada, 
and  Mexico.  In  view  of  this  general  operation  by  the 
express  companies  over  railroads,  the  employes  of  the  latter 
very  frequently  performing  service  for  the  former,  it  is 
considered  appropriate  and  advisable  to  discuss  the  effort 
made  by  express  companies  toward  conducting  "provident'* 
undertakings  on  behalf  of  their  men. 


Railway  express  service. 


Several  railroad  companies  operate  their  own  express 
service,  such  as  the  Northern  Pacific  Express  operating 
over  the  lines  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway,  the  Great 
Northern  Express  over  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Express  over  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railroad,  the  Long  Island  Express  Company  over  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  and  the  West  Jersey  Express  over  the 
West  Jersey  &  Seashore  Railroad  (the  two  last-mentioned 
roads  being  constituent  members  of  the  Pennsylvania 
System  of  Lines  East  of  Pittsburgh  and  Erie,  Pa.). 


interchange  relations.  The  standard  express  companies  practically  control  the 

express  service  of  the  country,  having  agreed  upon 
uniform  classification  and  rates,  and  adopted  a  system  of 
interchange  traffic  and  settlement  which  provides  for 
prompt  and  continuous  service  and  thorough  accounting. 


Beginning  of 
express  service. 


The  foundation  of  the  present  express  company  was  laid 
by  William  Harnden,  in  1839,  who  instituted  a  system  of 
parcel  delivery,  by  responsible  agents,  between  New  York 
and  Boston. 

(317) 


318 


Express  Companies. 


List  of  representative 
companies. 


The  express  service  of  the  country  is  practically  controlled 
by  a  few  large  companies,  and  these  the  Reporter  ad- 
dressed in  connection  with  "provident"  features,  as  well 
as  one  or  two  of  the  less  important  companies,  viz.: 

Adams  Express  Company  (organized  in  1854); 
American  Express  Company  (established  in  1850); 
National  Express  Company  (founded  in  1853); 
Pacific  Express  Company  (organized  in  1879) ; 
Southern  Express  Company  (incorporated  in  1886); 
United  States  Express  Company  (organized  in  1854); 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Company  Express  (started  in  1852) ; 
Western  Express  Company. 

Also  the  following  Canadian  companies: 
Canadian  Express  Company; 
Dominion  Express  Company. 

Replies  were  received  by  the  Reporter  from  several 
of  the  larger  express  companies,  embracing  data  on  various 
provident  undertakings  conducted  for  their  employes. 
The  information  elicited  will  be  next  hereinafter  concisely 
presented : 


Adams  Express  Company. 
Mileage. 


Number  employes. 


Number  offices. 


a. — Insurance. 

Adams  Express  Company. 

The    Express    Company    operates    over    34,360    miles, 
made  up: 

Rail  mileage 30,576  miles. 

Water  mileage 3,784       " 

Total..... 34,360      " 

Number  of  employes,  14,979. 
Number  of  express  offices,  5,791. 


Company  attitude. 


Express  Companies. 


319 


While  the  Company  does  not  provide  or  conduct  provi- 
dent institutions,  it  has  at  all  times  contributed  to  purely 
voluntary  associations  and  societies  organized  either  by 
or  for  the  benefit  of  express  employes,  the  most  generally 
representative  of  which  are  the  Expressmen's  Mutual 
Benefit  Association  and  the  Expressmen's  Aid  Society, 
both  of  which  are  composed  of  employes  identified  with 
all  express  companies  throughout  the  United  States. 


Expressmen's  Mutual  Benefit  Association. 


Inauguration. 


The  Association  was  organized  January  12,  1869,  and 
rules  finally  amended  at  the  biennial  convention  in  New 
York  City,  N.  Y.,  July  9-10,  1902. 


Character. 


Purely  mutual  institution,  founded  solely  upon  the  good 
faith  of  its  members. 


Objects. 


Objects  are  collection  of  contributions  and  the  payment 
of  insurance  at  the  death  of  the  member,  and  a  cash  return 
to  disabled  members. 


Membership. 


Any  employe  of  a  responsible  express  company  may 
become  a  member,  subject  to  provisions  of  constitution 
and  bv-laws. 


Basis  of  contributions. 


Monthly  contributions  are  based  upon  nearest  present 
age  of  members  at  date  of  entry. 


Schedule  of  contributory 
rates. 


Schedule  of  contributory  rates,  viz. 


Monthly  Contributions  per  $1,000,  Age  Nearest  Birthday. 


Age 

Rate 

20 

$1.33 

40 

2.44 

60 

5.64 

70  and  over 

9.65 

320 


Express  Companies. 


Intervening  age  rates. 


Partial  contribution. 


For  intervening  ages  in  connection  with  the  above 
schedule  an  ascending  scale  of  graduated  rates  applies. 

Member  may  pay  upon  each  contribution  60  per  centum 
in  cash,  the  remainder  of  his  contribution  being  charged  to 
him  on  the  Association  books,  interest,  at  the  rate  of  4  per 
centum  per  annum,  being  paid  to  the  Association,  and  the 
indebtedness  deducted  from  the  amount  which  may  accrue 
in  case  of  member's  death  or  total  disability. 


Reserve  plan. 


Member  who  has  been  five  or  more  years  in  Association 
may,  if  he  so  elect,  pay  the  rate  of  contribution  according 
to  his  age  of  entering  the  Association,  and  shall  have  charged 
against  his  policy  as  a  lien  the  reserve,  according  to  his  age 
of  entry  and  the  number  of  years  of  membership,  on  the 
American  Experience  Table  with  3  per  centum  interest ;  such 
lien  to  be  charged  with  interest  at  rate  of  3  per  centum  per 
annum,  which  may  be  paid  monthly  or  added  to  the  lien 
and  deducted  from  amount  of  indebtedness  at  member's 
death. 


Defrayal  of  expenses.  There  is  set  aside  from  proceeds  of  each  contribution  3 

per  centum  thereof,  which  may  be  used  in  defraying  expenses 
of  the  Association. 


Basis  of  Reserve  Fund. 


Reserve  Fund  is  carried  at  least  equal  to  the  reserve  based 
upon  the  American  Experience  Table  of  Mortality  with  3^ 
per  centum  interest. 


Disposition  of  surplus. 


Loan  value  arrangement. 


Surplus  in  excess  of  reserve  required  by  said  experience 
table  with  3  per  centum  interest  is  apportioned  by  the 
Executive  Committee.  If  in  their  judgment  the  Association 
would  be  benefited  by  purchasing  members'  certificates, 
they  are  authorized  to  do  so. 

Loan  values  are  provided  under  the  policies  not  exceeding 
the  reserve  on  said  policies.  Such  loans  are  given  on  the 
sole  security  of  the  policies,  and  bear  interest  at  rate  of 
4  per  centum  per  annum,  payable  monthly. 


Express  Companies. 


321 


Provision  on  surrender 
of  certificate. 


Policies  issued. 


Permanent  disability 
provision,. 


Membership  application. 


Age  limit. 
Changing  classes. 

Fixed  rates. 

Table  of  certificate  values. 


When  a  member  surrenders  his  certificate,  there  being 
no  indebtedness  against  it,  he  is  entitled  to  a  fractional 
policy  equivalent  in  value  to  the  reserve,  payable  at  death, 
on  which  no  premium  will  be  required. 

Certificates  issued  by  the  Association  are  in  the  sum  of 
$500  or  multiples  thereof,  and  not  to  exceed  $3,000. 

In  case  of  permanent  disability  the  Executive  Committee 
may  purchase  the  certificate  of  a  member  out  of  the  Surplus 
Fund,  as  already  stated  herein,  for  such  an  amount  as  they 
may  deem  advisable,  provided  the  amount  shall  not  be  in 
excess  of  one-third  of  the  certificate's  face  value,  except 
when  the  reserve  exceeds  that  proportion,  when  the  total 
reserve  under  the  certificate  is  payable. 

Applications  for  membership  must  be  made  to  a  Division 
Secretary,  indorsed  by  two  members  of  the  Association,  the 
Division  Secretary,  and  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, and  accompanied  by  a  physician's  certificate  of 
health. 

Maximum  age  for  admission  to  membership  is  50  years. 

Member  of  any  class  may  become  a  member  of  any  other 
class  by  furnishing  physician's  certificate  of  health. 

Rates  of  contribution  do  not  increase  as  member  grows 
older,  but  remain  the  same  as  at  date  of  entry  into  Associa- 
tion. 

Following  table  exhibits  value  of  certificates  per  $1,000 
for  loans  or  paid-up  insurance. 


End  of  sth  Year 

End  of  ioth  Year 

End  of  15TH  Year 

End  of  20TH  Year 

Cost  Per 

Month 

Reserve 

Paid-up 

Reserve 

Paid-up 

Reserve 

Paid-up 

Reserve 

Paid-up 

20 

$1.33 

$33 

$93 

$72 

$189 

$120 

$285 

$175 

$380 

30 

1.76 

51 

120 

110 

239 

179 

355 

259 

465 

40 

2.44 

78 

154 

167 

300 

265 

433 

368 

551 

50 

3.55 

117 

192 

241 

361 

366 

505 

485 

624 

(Intervening 
scale.) 


ages  and  rates  call  for  values  on  graduated  ascending 


322 


Express  Companies. 


Basis  of  certificate  rates. 


For  certificates  of  $500  and  $2,000  the  rates  are 
respectively  one-half  and  double  the  above-named  rates  for 
$1,000  certificate. 


Aggregate  payments. 


Total  payments  to  members  since  organization,  $3,448,- 
269.68,  to  January  1,  1904. 


Insurance  in  force. 


Total    insurance    in    force  through    the  Association    on 
January  1,  1904,  amounted  to  $3,235,000. 


Certificates  in  force. 


Total  number  of  certificates  in  force  through  Association 
on  January  1,  1904,  was  2,474. 


Statement  of  operations 
in  1903. 


Following  is  statement  of   operations  during   the   year 
1903: 


RECEIPTS: 

Contributions  from  members $124,551.97 

Received  account  notes  due  Association 17,154.08 

Interest  on  investments 3,204.84 

Total  receipts $144,910.89 

DISBURSEMENTS: 

Death  claims  paid $74,000.00 

Total  disability  claims  paid 33,952.86 

Surrendered   policies   paid    (for 

cash  value) 161.82 

Total  payments  to  members. $10S,114.68 

Operating  expenses.. 2,272.48 


$110,387.16 
Excess  receipts  over  disbursements.. $34,523.73 


ASSETS: 

Cash  on  hand. $22,601 .40 

Stocks  and  bonds  of  railways  and  express  companies  (book 

value) 63,949.25 

Market  value  of  stocks  and  bonds  in  excess  of  book  value.  10,248.00 

Loans  to  members,  secured  by  notes 440.30 

Contributions  in  course  of  collection 8,734.38 

Total  assets,  January  1,  1904 $105,973.33 


LIABILITIES: 

Net  reserve,  American  Experience  Table  and  3  per  centum     $70,114.74 

Death  claims  (proofs  not  completed) 5,000.00 

Surplus 30,858.59 

Total  liabilities,  January  1,  1904 $105,973.33 


Express  Companies. 


323 


Inauguration. 


Character. 


Objects. 


Expressmen's  Aid  Society. 

This  Society  was  organized  in  1874  by  the  Adams  and 
Southern  Express  Companies,  and  also  includes  employes 
of  all  express  companies. 

It  is  a  purely  mutual  institution,  founded  solely  upon  the 
good  faith  of  its  members. 

Objects  are  the  collection  of  contributions  by  its  members, 
and  the  distribution  of  same  to  beneficiaries  of  deceased 
members,  or  to  the  members  themselves  in  case  of  total 
and  permanent  disability. 


Membership. 


Any  employe  of  a  responsible  express  company  or  person 
engaged  in  regular  business  in  good  health,  and  approved 
by  a  member  of  the  executive  committee,  is  eligible  to 
membership. 


Basis  of  contributions. 


Assessment  plan,  assessments  being  levied  in  accordance 
with  age,  under  the  following  scale: 


Scale  of  contributory  rates 


25  years  and  under.. 

26  years  and  under  31— 
31  years  and  under  36- 
36  years  and  under  41— 
41  years  and  under  46- 
46  years  and  under  51- 
51  years  and  under  55- 
55  years  and  under  60- 
60  years  and  under  65- 
65  years  and  over. 


Ptr 

Assessment 


$1.00 
1.25 
1.35 
1.50 
1.75 
2.00 
2.50 
2.90 
3.60 
4.50 


Levy  basis. 


Benefits. 


Assessments  are  only  made  on  the  death  of  members. 

The  benefit  varies.  It  is  limited  to  $2,000,  but  is  never 
more  than  the  proceeds  of  one  assessment.  The  Society 
is  under  no  obligation  to  enforce  payments  from  any  mem- 
ber of  any  assessment  made  upon  him,  nor  to  pay  any 


324 


Express  Companies. 


Disposition  of  surplus. 


Out-membership. 


Assessment  for  expenses. 


member  the  maximum  amount  of  $2,000.  All  it  under- 
takes to  do  is  to  pay  such  sum  as  may  be  realized  from  a 
single  assessment  levied  upon  the  entire  membership,  to  be 
voluntarily  paid  by  the  members,  not  to  exceed  $2,000, 
and  nothing  more. 

Surplus  arising  from  any  assessment  of  membership  is 
subject  to  disposal  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  Executive 
Committee  favoring  same,  and  may  be  used  to  even  up  the 
amounts,  if  an  inequality  exists,  paid  to  the  beneficiaries 
less  than  $2,000  during  the  year  in  which  accumulated.  If 
all  beneficiaries  have  received  a  uniform  sum  during  the 
year,  then  the  Committee  may  appropriate  such  surplus  to 
payment  of  expenses  of  the  Society,  or  to  any  other  purpose 
to  which  two-thirds  of  their  number,  by  vote,  consent. 

Membership  is  not  forfeited  upon  retirement  from  service 
of  an  express  company,  so  long  as  assessments  and  contri- 
butions to  expense  fund  are  kept  up. 

Each  member  is  liable  to  an  assessment  of  $1.00  per 
annum  to  pay  Society  expenses,  but  no  assessment  is  made 
for  this  purpose  so  long  as  there  is  sufficient  expense  fund 
in  the  treasury  to  meet  its  indebtedness  promptly. 


Aggregate  disbursement. 


Number  members. 


During  the  existence  of  the  Society  it  has  paid  out 
upwards  of  $1,000,000,  at  a  total  cost  of  about  $7,200  for 
gross  expenses. 

Average  total  membership  of  Society,  from  1,050  to  1,250. 


Local  societies. 


Inauguration. 


Nature. 


Adams  Express  Company  Employes'  Benevolent 
Association  of  New  York  City. 

Founded  February  1,  1878;  incorporated  June  3,  1903; 
and  by-laws  adopted  June  20,  1903. 

This  is  one  of  several  benefit  associations,  conducted  on 
similar  lines,  local  to  the  larger  cities,  which  are  encouraged 
by  the  Express  Company,  receiving  annual  contributions 
therefrom. 


Express  Companies. 


325 


Objects. 


Relief  Fund. 


Membership. 


Regular  employes. 


Messengers. 


Membership  relations  with 
similar  associations. 


Management. 


Sole  object  of  the  corporation  is  to  render  help  when  help 
is  most  needed  among  its  members  and  their  dependents; 
this  end  being  accomplished  by  the  establishment  and 
maintenance  of  a  Relief  Fund  by  collection  of  dues  and 
assessments  from  members,  and  by  holding  entertainments 
and  outings  in  the  corporate  name,  and  out  of  the  fund  so 
created  and  sustained  allowing  to  members  or  their  next  of 
kin,  in  accordance  with  specific  regulations,  certain  sums 
of  money  for  burial  expenses,  and  for  the  relief  of  sick,  dis- 
abled, and  destitute  members. 

Membership  consists  of  any  male  person  of  good  moral 
character,  in  sound  physical  and  mental  health,  under  the 
age  of  45  years,  who  is  either: 

a. — A  regular  employe  of  The  Adams  Express  Company 
or  its  affiliated  interests  in  New  York  City,  New 
York,  or  Hudson  County,  New  Jersey;  or, 

b. — A  messenger  regularly  employed  by  said  The  Adams 
Express  Company  or  its  affiliated  interests  on  a 
train  or  car  of  a  railroad  or  street  car  company 
whose  terminus  is  in  the  aforesaid  territory. 

No  employe  of  an  affiliated  interest  of  the  Express  Com- 
pany will  be  admitted  to  membership,  nor  retain  member- 
ship after  admission,  who  is,  or  may  afterward  become, 
a  member  of  a  similar  benevolent  or  relief  association  or 
corporation  organized  or  maintained  by  employes  of  said 
affiliated  interest  of  the  Express  Company,  unless  such 
benevolent  or  relief  organization  will  extend  the  privileges 
of  membership  to  members  of  this  corporation. 

Management  is  vested  in  a  President,  Vice-President, 
Secretary,  Treasurer,  General  Counsel,  Financial  Secretary, 
Sergeant-at-Arms,  and  a  Board  of  Trustees,  consisting  of  a 
chairman  and  eight  associates.  The  Trustees  are  the  govern- 
ing body  of  the  corporation. 


Dues. 


Dues  payable  by  members  are 
in  advance. 


.00  a  month,  payable 


326 


Express  Companies. 


Reserve  Fund. 

Burial. 

Wife. 

Father  or  mother. 


Child  aged  6  months. 


Child  aged  over  6  months. 


Member. 


More  than  one  account 
parent. 


Benefit  allowance. 


Benefit  period. 


Free  medical  service. 


Retirement  and 
reinstatement  after 
payments  made. 


Reserve  Fund  of  $3,000  is  provided  for,  and  is  kept  intact 
by  levying,  when  necessary,  a  per  capita  assessment  of  $1.00 
on  every  member  of  the  Association. 

Allowances  for  burial  expenses  are  provided  as  follows: 

a. — At  death  of  member's  wife,  member  is  paid  $100. 

b. — At  death  of  member's  father  or  mother,  if  member 
be  unmarried  or  a  widower  without  children,  and 
has  been  contributing  to  support  of  the  parent  up 
to  time  of  latter's  decease,  and  provided  said  parent 
was  not  a  member  of  the  corporation,  member 
is  paid  $50. 

c. — At  death  of  member's  child  under  age  of  6  months, 
member  is  paid  $25. 

d. — At  death  of  member's  child  between  ages  of  6 
months  and  15  years,  member  is  paid 


e. — At  death  of  member  of  corporation  in  good  and 
regular  standing,  his  immediate  family  or  next  of 
kin  will  be  allowed  for  burial  expenses  $200. 

/. — Where  there  is  more  than  one  member  contrib- 
uting to  support  of  parents,  only  one  payment  of 
is  allowed  at  decease  of  each  parent. 


Members  entitled  to  receive  an  indemnity  of  $1.00  a  day 
during  an  illness  or  injury  of  at  least  six  consecutive  days' 
duration,  incapacitating  for  performance  of  regular  duties. 

No  member  will  receive  more  than  12  weeks'  relief  allow- 
ance for  incapacitation  growing  out  of  the  same  illness  or 
injury;  nor  will  any  member  receive  more  than  12  weeks' 
relief,  consecutive  or  otherwise,  within  a  period  of  12  months. 

Members  are  entitled  to  free  service  of  corporation 
physicians. 

Member  who  retires  from  corporation  after  having 
received  12  weeks'  relief  allowance  is  required  to  pay  a 
penalty  of  $12.00,  in  addition  to  complying  with  other 
provisions  of  the  by-laws,  before  being  reinstated. 


Express  Companies. 


327 


American  Express  Company. 

Mileage. 

Number  employes. 

General. 


American  Express  Company. 

Mileage  operated,  43,960  miles. 

Number  of  employes,  16,800. 

The  Company  conducts  no  regular  insurance  or  relief 
organization  on  behalf  of  its  employes,  but  contributes  to 
and  acts  as  treasurer  of  the  Expressmen's  Mutual  Benefit 
Association,  the  characteristics  of  which  are  herein  pre- 
sented (vide  supra,  Adams  Express  Company). 


Pacific  Express  Company. 

Mileage. 

Number  employes. 

Employes  joint  with 
other  companies. 


Pacific  Express  Company. 

Mileage  operated,  20,729  miles. 

Number  of  employes,  4,681. 

The  Company  does  not  conduct  insurance  or  relief 
organization  on  account  of  its  employes.  This  is  so  for  the 
reason  that  its  messengers  are  nearly  all  joint  employes 
with  railroad  companies,  while  all  the  local  office  agents, 
with  the  exception  of  143,  are  joint  with  railroad  companies 
or  other  express  companies,  and  many  of  the  local  office 
employes  are  also  joint  with  other  companies.  This  joint 
relationship  enables  the  employes  to  participate  in  the 
insurance  and  relief  benefits  extended  by  the  railroad 
companies  or  through  and  in  connection  with  other  express 
companies. 


Southern  Express  Company.     Southern  Express  Company. 
Mileage.  Mileage  operated,  31,000  miles. 

Number  employes.  Number  of  employes,  about  6,400. 


Expressmen's  Aid  Society. 


Expressmen's  Aid  Society. 

The  Company  does  not  conduct  insurance  or  relief 
organization  on  behalf  of  its  employes,  but  under  its  auspices, 
in  conjunction  with  some  other  express  companies,  there 
was  effected  the  organization  known  as  the  ' '  Expressmen's 
Aid   Society,"   hereinbefore   outlined    (vide   supra,    Adams 


328 


Express  Companies. 


Compulsory  membership. 


Express  Company) ;  and  each  and  every  employe  of  the 
Company  receiving  a  salary  of  $50  per  month  or  over  is 
required,  unless  good  and  satisfactory  reasons  can  be  shown 
to  the  contrary,  to  make  application  for  membership  therein. 
At  the  present  time  the  active  membership  of  the  Aid 
Society  consists  almost  entirely  of  employes  of  the  Southern 
Express  Company. 


Special  Company  aid  to 
its  own  employe-members. 


In  addition  to  the  regular  provisions  of  the  Society  for 
levying  and  collecting  assessments  on  its  membership,  the 
Southern  Express  Company  makes  distinctive  Company 
provision  for  its  employes  members  of  the  Society,  where 
they  have  attained  the  age  of  46  years,  by  paying  the  pro- 
portion of  the  assessment  rate  in  excess  of  the  prescribed 
rate  for  that  age.  This,  as  will  be  perceived  by  reference 
to  the  assessment  schedule  for  the  Society  already  presented 
herein  (vide  supra,  Adams  Express  Company),  represents 
between, 

Ages  46  years  and  under  51,  with  assessment  of $2.00 

And  ages  65  years  and  over,  with  assessment  of 4.50 

Or,  say $2.50 

It  will  thus  be  evident  that,  although  the  Express  Com- 
pany does  not  conduct  a  distinctive  relief  or  insurance 
undertaking  for  its  employes,  its  immediate  and  substantial 
identification  with  the  Aid  Society  gives  it  practical  status 
in  that  direction,  and  has  gone  a  long  way  toward  securing 
and  maintaining  the  effectiveness  of  the  organization  in 
question. 


United  States  Express 
Company. 

Mileage. 

Number  employes. 

Local  societies. 


United  States  Express  Company. 

Mileage  operated,  July  1,  1904,  28,000  miles. 

Number  of  employes,  approximately,  10,000. 

While  the  Express  Company  does  not  conduct  insurance 
or  relief  organization  on  account  of  its  employes,  it  is 
interested  in  various  benefit  associations,  operated  along 


Express  Companies. 


329 


similar  lines  with  those  obtaining  with  like  societies  eon- 
ducted  in  connection  with  the  Adams  Express  Company, 
(vide  p.  318,  "Adams  Express  Company  Employes'  Benevo- 
lent Association  of  New  York  City"),  in  and  local  to 
the  larger  cities  being  the  termini  of  the  railroads  over 
which  the  Express  Company  operates.  Among  these  local 
organizations  are  the  following,  namely: 


New  York  City,  etc. 


United  States  Express  Company  Employes'  Benev- 
olent Association,  of  New  York  City, 
Jersey  City,  Communipaw, 
and  hoboken. 


Inauguration. 


Association  inaugurated  March  1,  1884. 


Dues. 


Dues  25  cents  per  month. 


Benefits. 


Benefits  are  as  follows : 

a. — At  death  of  a  member,  his  family  or  next  of  kin 

receive  $100. 
b. — At  death  of  member's  wife,  member  receives  $50. 
c. — At  death  of  member's  child,  under  15  years  of  age, 

member  receives  $25. 
d. — At  death  of  father  or  mother  of  unmarried  member, 

whose  support  he  was,  member  receives  $50. 


Receipts. 


Receipts  during  1903,  $845.40. 


Disbursements. 


Disbursements  during  1903,  $737.87. 


Balance. 


Balance  on  hand  at  close  of  1903,  $1,625.56. 


Number  members. 


Membership  at  end  of  1903,  300. 


330 


Express  Companies. 


Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Inauguration. 


United  States  Express  Company  Employes'  Mutual 
Relief  Association,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Association  inaugurated  April  14,  1901. 


Relief  Committee. 


Relief  Committee,  consisting  of  three  members,  ap- 
pointed by  president  at  each  monthly  meeting,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  act  on  all  applications  for  relief  and  payment 
of  benefits. 


Dues. 


Benefits. 


Dues,  50  cents  per  month. 

Benefits : 

a. — Disability  from  sickness  or  accident  entitles  mem- 
ber to  allowance  of  $5.00  per  week,  payable  weekly ; 
no  benefits  being  allowed  for  less  than  one  week's 
illness  or  for  a  longer  period  than  ten  (10)  weeks 
in  any  one  year;  and  to  be  entitled  to  sick  benefits 
contributions  must  have  been  made  for  a  period  of 
three  (3)  months. 

b. — At  death  of  a  member,  his  widow  or  nearest  relation 
receives 


Deficits. 


In  event  of  treasury  deficit,  each  member  is  assessed  a 
pro  rata  amount  sufficient  to  make  up  the  shortage. 


Surplus  funds. 


The  unexpended  funds  in  the  treasury  at  the  end  of  the 
year  are  divided  among  the  members  in  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  dues  paid  by  each  during  that  year,  after  deduct- 
ing $1.00  from  each  member's  share;  such  deduction  repre- 
senting Society  capital  for  commencing  business  the  next 
ensuing:  vear. 


Admission  age. 


Minimum  membership  age,  18  years. 


Initiation  fee. 


Initiation  fee,  $1.00. 


Out-membership. 


Member  leaving  employ  of  Express  Company  may  con- 
tinue his  membership  until  end  of  year,  when  same  ceases. 


Express  Companies. 


331 


Benefits  from  surplus 
distribution. 


Co-operative  movement. 


Receipts. 

Disbursement. 

Number  members. 

Chicago. 

Inauguration. 

Dues  and  assessments. 

Benefits. 


Reserve  Fund. 


On  account  of  a  great  number  of  employes  being  transient, 
it  was  decided  the  organization  should  not  accumu- 
late any  surplus,  but  that  the  amount  remaining  in  the 
treasury  at  the  close  of  each  year  should  be  divided  equally 
among  the  members.  As  a  result  of  this,  the  protection 
afforded  has  cost  the  membership  nothing  whatever,  while 
quite  a  little  dividend  has  been  declared.  In  the  majority 
of  cases  this  surplus  has  been  diverted  to  the  payment  of 
"industrial"  insurance  held  by  members. 

During  the  year  1903-1904  $125  was  appropriated  toward 
the  purchase  of  a  store,  with  the  view  to  promotion  of  a 
co-operative  movement  among  the  membership;  the  effort 
was,  however,  unsuccessful,  notwithstanding  which  each 
member  realized  the  amount  of  the  premiums  in  Association 
under  dividend  payments. 

Receipts  since  institution,  $2,103.25. 

Disbursements  since  institution,  $792.53. 

Membership,  98. 

Chicago  Expressmen's  Relief  Association. 

Inaugurated  in  1891. 

Dues  and  assessments: 

Regular  dues  are  50  cents  per  month  and  collection  of 
25  cents  upon  the  death  of  a  member. 

Benefits : 

a. — Disability  from  sickness  or  accident  entitles  mem- 
ber to  allowance  of  $3.00  for  first  week  and  $7.00 
per  week  thereafter,  during  disability,  for  a  period 
not  exceeding  26  weeks. 
b. — At  death  of  a  member,  $100  is  disbursed  in  defrayal 
of  funeral  expenses. 

Sick  Fund  reserve  of  $250  is  provided  for,  being  kept 
intact  by  special  collection,  when  necessary,  of  not  less  than 
25  cents  nor  more  than  50  cents  from  each  member. 


332 


Express  Companies. 


Age  limits. 
Out- membership. 


Receipts. 


Disbursement. 


Number  members. 


Membership  ages:  minimum,  18,  and  maximum,  50  years. 

Member  leaving  employ  of  either  the  United  States,  the 
Pacific,  or  the  Western  Express  Company,  may  retain  his 
membership  in  the  Association,  with  benefit  rights,  by  con- 
tinuing to  conform  to  regulations. 

Receipts  during  1903,  $4,687.25. 

Disbursements  during  1903,  $4,164.70. 

Number  of  members  about  600,  consisting  of  em- 
ployes of  the  United  States  and  the  Pacific  Express 
Companies. 


St.  Paul. 

Inauguration. 
Objects. 


Membership. 


Officers. 


Entrance  fee. 


Dues. 


Benefits. 


Northwestern  Expressmen's  Mutual  Benefit 
Association,  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Organized  in  January,  1901,  at  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

This  is  a  purely  mutual  association,  whose  object  is  to 
provide  weekly  allowance  in  case  of  sickness  or  accident, 
and  designated  payment  for  defrayal  of  funeral  expenses  in 
event  of  death. 

All  salaried  and  exclusive  employes  of  any  express  com- 
pany, in  good  health,  are  eligible  for  membership. 

Officers  are:  President,  Secretary-Treasurer,  and  a  Board 
of  Directors  consisting  of  15  members. 

Initiation  fee,  $1.00. 
Dues,  50  cents  per  month. 

Benefits : 

a. — Disability  from  accident  or  sickness  entitles  mem- 
ber to  allowance  of  $7.00  per  week.     No  member 


Express  Companies. 


333 


shall  receive  benefits  for  less  than  four  days,  but,  if 
disability  so  long  continues,  is  entitled  to  receive 
benefits  for  a  period  not  exceeding  26  weeks  in  any 
one  year. 

b. — At  death  of  a  member,  $100  is  disbursed  for  funeral 
expenses. 

c. — At  death  of  member's  wife,  $50  is  disbursed  for 
funeral  expenses. 


Deficits. 


Where  death  fund  moneys  are  insufficient  to  meet 
benefit  demands,  an  extra  assessment  is  levied  to  meet 
the  deficiencv. 


Out-membership. 


Member  leaving  employ  of  any  express  company  may 
retain  membership  by  continuance  of  Association  payments 
excepting  when  employed  as  fireman,  brakeman,  switching 
or  coupling  cars,  mining,  car  checking,  selling  or  handling 
of  liquors,  wholesale  or  retail. 


Claims  paid. 


Claims  amounting  to  $632  were  paid  during  the  year  1903. 


Number  members. 


Number  of  members  at  end  of  1903  was  400. 


Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Inauguration. 


Railway  Expressmen's  Benevolent  Association, 
of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Organized  April  1,  1903. 


Dues. 


Dues,  50  cents  per  month. 

Assessments,  50  cents  at  death  of  each  member. 


Benefits. 


Benefits : 

a. — Disability,  after  one  month's  membership,  entitles 
member  to  allowance  of  $3.00  for  first  week,  and 
$7.00  per  week  thereafter  for  a  period  not  ex- 
ceeding 15  weeks. 
b. — At  death  of  a  member,  $75  is  disbursed  for  defrayal 
of  funeral  expenses. 


334 


Express  Companies. 


Number  members. 
Outside  membership. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Inauguration. 

Dues. 

Benefits. 


Reserve  Fund. 
Out-membership. 

Receipts. 

Disbursement. 
Balance. 

Number  members. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Inauguration. 
Dues. 


Number  of  members  at  end  of  1903  was  63. 

Membership  may  be   retained,  after   leaving   service  of 
Express  Company,  by  payment  of  dues,  etc. 

Expressmen's  Relief  Association,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa, 

Organized  February  1,  1899. 

Dues  and  assessments: 

Regular  dues,  50  cents  per  month  and  25  cents  upon 
death  of  a  member. 

Benefits : 

a. — For  disability,  allowance  is  $2.00  for  first  seven  days 
and  $1.00  per  day  for  the  next  175  days,  and  should 
disability  longer  continue  such  further  allowance 
as  may  be  determined  by  the  Association. 

b. — At  death  of  member,  proper  beneficiary  is  paid 
$100. 

Reserve  Fund  of  $250  is  provided  for,  being  kept  intact  by 
special  assessments,  when  necessary,  of  25  cents  per  member. 

Membership  may  be  retained  after  leaving  employ  of 
Express  Company  by  keeping  up  dues. 

Receipts  during  year  ending  January  31,1904,  amounted 

to  $2,222.27. 

Disbursements  during  same  period  aggregated  $1,389.25. 

Balance  on  hand  January  31,  1904,  $1,118.58. 

Membership  January  31,  1904,  377. 

United  States  Express  Company's  Employes'  Mutual 
Benefit  Association,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Organized  July  31,  1890. 

Dues,  50  cents  per  month. 


Express  Companies. 


335 


Benefits. 


Receipts. 
Disbursement. 
Number  members. 
Outside  membership. 

Wells  Fargo  &  Company. 
Mileage. 

Number  employes. 
General  comment. 


Benefits : 
a. — For    disability,    after    one    month's    membership, 
allowance  of  $7.00  per  week  for  not  more  than  14 
weeks,  and  $3.00  per  week  for  another  period  of 
14  weeks  thereafter. 

b. — At  death  of  a  member,  surviving  members  are  each 
assessed  $1.00,  and  the  amount  so  collected  paid 
to  his  widow  or  heirs. 

Receipts  from  July  1,  1903,  to  July  1,  1904,  $470. 
Disbursements  from  July  1,  1903,  to  July  1,  1904,  $287.60. 
Membership,  79. 

Membership  may  be  retained  after  leaving  service  of 
Express  Company,  by  payment  of  dues,  etc. 

Wells  Fargo  &  Company. 

This  Company  operates  an  express  service  over  40,454 
miles  of  railroad  throughout  the  United  States  of  America 
and  the  Republic  of  Mexico. 

Number  of  employes,  9,714. 

The  Company  does  not  provide  or  conduct  insurance  or 
relief  organizations  for  its  employes,  but,  like  many  of  the 
other  express  companies,  takes  an  interest  in  the  Express- 
men's Mutual  Benefit  Association,  and  aids  in  many  ways 
in  the  general  conduct  of  its  affairs.  For  a  better  under- 
standing of  this  organization  and  its  scope,  see  general 
presentation  in  connection  with  insurance  undertakings 
with  which  the  Adams  Express  Company  is  identified, 
(vide  supra). 


Canada.  Canada. 

Canadian  Expreas  Company.  Canadian  Express  Company. 

Mileage-  Mileage  operated,  6,880  miles. 

Number  employes.  Number  of  employes,  1,476. 


336 


Express  Companies. 


Inauguration. 
Membership. 

Entrance  fee. 

Dues. 

Benefits. 


Dues  while  sick. 


Termination  of 
membership. 


Suspensions. 

Deficits. 

Receipts. 

Disbursement. 
Balance. 
Number  members. 


Canadian  Expressmen's  Mutual  Benefit 
Association. 

Instituted  in  June,  1890. 

All  persons  employed  by  Canadian  Express  Company 
directly  are  eligible  for  membership  if  in  good  health. 

Initiation  fee,  50  cents. 

Regular  monthly  assessment,  35  cents. 

Benefits : 

In  event  of  disability,  after  three  months'  membership, 
from  sickness  or  accident,  allowance  of  $5.00  per  week  is 
paid  ;  no  member,  however,  to  receive  benefits  aggregat- 
ing more  than  $50  during  the  space  of  one  year,  and  any 
member,  after  receiving  the  full  amount  allowed,  is  not 
again  entitled  to  benefits  until  three  months  have  elapsed. 

Members  are  not  exempt  from  paying  assessments  during 
continuance  of  sickness. 

Membership  ceases  with  termination  of  employment  by 
the  Express  Company. 

In  case  of  suspension  by  Express  Company,  members  are 
entitled  to  membership  and  benefits  for  two  months  only  from 
date  of  such  suspension. 

When  ordinary  assessments  are  insufficient  to  meet 
liabilities,  extra  assessments  are  levied  for  the  purpose. 

Receipts  during  year  ending  October  31,  1903,  amounted 
to  $1,866.35. 

Disbursements  during  same  period  aggregated  $1,403.30. 

Balance  on  hand  November  1,  1903,  $1,000.77. 

Membership,  491. 


Express  Companies. 


337 


Dominion  Express 
Company. 

Mileage. 


Number  employes. 
Attitude  of  Company. 

Employes'  associations. 


Dues. 
Benefits. 


Recapitulation  of  mileage 
and  employes. 


Dominion  Express  Company. 

Mileage  operated,  11,095  miles,  including  railway  and 
stage  and  steamboat — not  including  ocean  routes. 

Number  of  employes,  1,777. 

The  Express  Company  does  not  conduct  insurance  or 
relief  organizations  in  behalf  of  its  employes. 

The  employes  conduct  two  sick  benefit  associations,  the 
characteristics  of  which  correspond  with  those  above  an- 
nounced for  the  Canadian  Expressmen's  Mutual  Benefit 
Association. 

Dues  in  both  associations,  50  cents  per  month. 

Benefits : 

One  association  pays  $7.00  and  the  other  $6.00  per  week 
in  event  of  sickness. 

Both  organizations  pay  funeral  benefit  of  $50  on  death 
of  member. 

Recapitulation. 

Following  table  exhibits  the  relative  standing,  from 
standpoint  of  mileage  operated  and  number  of  employes, 
of  the  several  express  companies  from  which  replies  were 
received  in  this  relation : 


Country  and  Express  Company 

Mileage 
Operated 

NO.   OF 

Employes 

United  States. 
Adams  Express  Company 

34,360 
43,960 
20,729 
31,000 
28,000 
40,454 

14,979 

American  Express  Company               

16,800 

Pacific  Express  Company 

4,681 

Southern  Express  Company 

6,400 

United  States  Express  Company. 

10,000 

Wells  Fargo  &  Company  

9,714 

Total,  United  States....                

198,503 

62,574 

Canada. 
Canadian  Express  Company 

6,880 
11,095 

1,476 

Dominion  Express  Company 

1,777 

Total,  Canada. 

17,975 

3,253 

Grand  total. 

216,478 

65,827 

338 


Express  Companies. 


Adams  Express  Company. 


General  plan. 


b. — Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 
Adams  Express  Company. 

(Mileage  operated,  34,360  miles;  14,979  employes.) 

The  Company  has  no  defined  pension  system.  Each 
individual  case  is  considered  on  its  merits,  including  age, 
length  of  service,  rate  of  compensation,  and  physical 
condition. 


Obstacles  to  defined  plan. 


Owing  to  the  extended  territory  over  which  the  Company 
operates,  and  the  varying  conditions  in  widely  separated 
sections,  it  has  been  found  difficult  to  lay  down  any  set  rules 
that  will  satisfactorily  meet  all  requirements. 


American  Express  Company.     American  Express  Company. 

(Mileage  operated,  43,960  miles;  16,800  employes.) 

Company  conducts  a  pension  system  for  its  employes, 
inauguration.  Inaugurated  during  the  year  1875. 


Objects. 


Object  of  the  organization  is  to  retire  from  service,  with 
pension  allowance,  employes  60  years  of  age  and  over  who 
have  been  in  continuous  service  of  the  Company  20  years 
or  more,  and  are  permanently  incapacitated  for  further 
performance  of  duties. 


Basis  of  allowance. 


Pensions  are  granted  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  General 
Manager,  no  pension  officials  being  appointed  for  that 
special  duty  alone. 


No  special  fund. 


No  fund  has  been  created  by  the  Company  for  the  pay- 
ment of  pensions,  such  allowance  being  treated  the  same 
as  any  other  Company  disbursement,  and  charged  to  Pension 
Account,  just  as  rent  is  charged  to  Rent  Account. 


Express  Companies. 


339 


Financing. 


Company  assumes  the  entire  financing  of  the  plan,  the 
employes  making  no  contribution. 


Eligibles. 


Plan  embraces  the  entire  system,  and  is  not  restricted 
to  any  branch  of  the  service. 


Retirement. 


Retirements  are  involuntary. 


Age  limits. 


No  maximum  age  limit  for  entrance  to  Company's  service ; 
young  men  are,  however,  preferred. 


Pension  allowances. 


Minimum  allowance,  half  pay  based  on  average  pay  for 
preceding  10  years;  maximum  allowance,  $500  per  year. 


Outside  employment.  Pensioners  are  allowed  to  engage  in  other  business,  but 

are  subject  to  call  when  needed  by  the  Company,  if  they 
are  able  to  perform  any  duty,  but  are  not  eligible  to 
permanent  or  temporary  employment  in  Company's 
service. 


Number  of  pensioners. 


Number  of  pensioners  carried  on  rolls  July  1,  1904,  was 
160,  of  which  25  per  centum  were  messengers,  remaining 
75  per  centum  being  equally  distributed  between  officials, 
clerks,  drivers,  and  stablemen. 


Average  pay  in  service. 


Average  pay  received  during  service  by  employes  in  each 
of  the  various  classes  of  employment  is  $62.50  per  month. 


Average  period  of  pension  Average  period  of  enjoyment  of  pension  allowance  is  5 

years,  6  months ;  that  is,  that  period  of  time  elapses  between 
date  of  allowing  pension  and  date  of  decease  of  beneficiary. 


Deaths. 


Number  of  deaths  among  pensioners  since  inauguration 
of  the  system,  150. 


340 


Express  Companies. 


Southern  Express  Company.       Southern  Express   Company. 

(Mileage  operated,  31,000  miles;  6,400  employes.) 


General  plan. 


The  Company  conducts  no  regularly  defined  pension 
system,  each  individual  case  being  considered  on  its  merits, 
and  the  general  conditions  corresponding  with  those 
announced  herein  for  the  Adams  Express  Company,  vide 
supra. 


System  under 
consideration. 


The  matter  is  having  careful  consideration,  with  the 
view  to  reaching  such  solution  of  the  existing  problem  as 
will  enable  the  establishment  of  a  pensioning  system  that 
will  meet  acceptably  the  requirements  of  all  branches  of  the 
service. 


Wells  Fargo  &  Company. 


Wells  Fargo  &  Company. 

(Mileage  operated,  40,454  miles;  9,714  employes.) 


Inauguration. 
Features. 


Pension  system  established  in  1903. 

Plan  is  invested  with  practically  the  same  features  and 
characteristics  as  those  obtaining  with  the  railroads  of  the 
country  (vide  supra). 


Management. 


Administration  of  Pension  Department  is  in  charge  of  a 
Board  of  Pensions,  consisting  of  the  managers  of  the  Atlantic, 
Central,  and  Pacific  Departments,  the  General  Auditor, 
and  the  Cashier  of  the  Bank  at  San  Francisco,  California. 


Operation  of  system. 


Benefits  of  the  system  apply  only  to  those  who  have  been 
required  to  give  their  entire  time  to  Wells  Fargo  &  Com- 
pany, or  to  that  Company  and  some  other  express  com- 
pany jointly  where  Wells  Fargo  &  Company  control;  and 
in  the  latter  case  the  Board  of  Pension  decides  the  amount 
of  the  employe's  monthly  pay  to  be  used  in  determining 
pension  allowance. 


Retirement  age. 


Express  Companies. 


341 


Compulsory  retirement  at  age  70,  with  25  years'  service, 
with  the  provision  that  if  Board  of  Pensions  shall  decide 
that  any  such  officer  or  employe  is  able  to  and  does  fully 
discharge  the  duties  of  his  position,  it  may  retain  him  in 
active  employment — but  any  such  employe  is  permitted 
to  retire  at  his  own  request. 

Voluntary  retirement,  for  incapacitation,  between  60  and 
70  years  of  age,  with  25  years'  service. 


Suspension,  etc. 


Leave  of  absence,  suspension,  dismissal  followed  by 
reinstatement  (within  one  year),  or  temporary  lay-off 
account  of  reduction  of  force,  not  to  be  considered  as  a 
break  in  continuity  of  service. 


Allowance  basis. 


Computation  of  service  and  authorization  of  allowances 
on  same  basis  as  with  the  railroad  companies  (vide  supra). 


Change  in  allowances. 


Provision  is  made  in  regulations  for  change  in  amount 
or  basis  of  pension  allowances,  when  necessary. 


Service  age  limits. 


Age  limits  for  new  employes  under  regulations  provide 
that  no  person  inexperienced  in  express  or  banking  busi- 
ness over  35,  and  no  person  so  experienced  over  45  years 
of  age,  will  be  taken  into  the  service. 


Financing. 


Plan  is  financed  and  controlled  absolutely  by  the  Com- 
pany, the  employes  making  no  contributions  in  connection 
therewith. 


Basis  of  computation.  Amount  of  pension  depends  upon  two  conditions,  namely, 

the  number  of  years  the  person  has  been  in  the  service 
and  amount  of  average  regular  monthly  pay  for  the  10  years 
next  preceding  retirement. 


342 


Express  Companies. 


Canada. 


c. — Superannuation    Provision. 
Canada. 


Dominion  Express 
Company. 


Dominion  Express  Company. 

(Mileage  operated,  11,095  miles;  1,777  employes.) 


Plan  under  way. 


This  Company  reports  that  it  is  now  working  on  a 
superannuation  system  for  its  employes.  Work  has  not 
progressed  far  enough  to  justify  announcement  of  details 
at  this  time. 


General  comment. 


United  States. 

g. — Young    Men's   Christian    Association   Branches. 

The  several  express  companies  contribute,  as  a  rule,  to 
Railroad  Departments  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion located  on  lines  over  which  they  operate,  and  their 
employes  are  largely  represented  in  the  membership  of  these 
branches. 

The  following  express  companies  canvassed  by  the 
Reporter  made  specific  replies  in  this  relation: 


Adams  Express  Company.        Adams  Express  Company. 


(Mileage  operated,  34,360  miles;  14,979  employes.) 


Company  attitude.  Company  makes  contributions,   from  time  to  time,   to 

railroad  branches  of  the  Association,  and  its  employes  are 
represented  in  the  membership  of  these  branches. 


American  Express 
Company. 


American  Express  Company. 

(Mileage  operated,  43,960  miles;  16,800  employes.) 


Company  attitude.  Occupies  the  same  position  toward  the  Association  as 

recited  herein  for  the  Adams  Express  Company,  vide  supra. 


Express  Companies. 


343 


Wells  Fargo  &  Company. 


Company  attitude. 


Wells  Fargo  &  Company. 

(Mileage  operated,  40,454  miles;  9,714  employes.) 

The  Company  aids  its  employes  who  desire  to  become 
members  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  by  pay- 
ing one-half  the  membership  fee. 


United  States. 

Adams  Express  Company. 

Reading  accommodation. 


h. — Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms. 
United  States. 

Adams  Express  Company. 

(Mileage  operated,  34,360  miles;  14,979  employes.) 

The  Company  has  no  established  libraries,  but  affords 
ample  accommodations  for  reading  in  connection  with  its 
sleeping  apartments  provided  at  offices  in  the  larger  cities. 


Wells  Fargo  &  Company. 


Libraries. 


List  of  libraries. 


Wells  Fargo  &  Company. 

(Miles  operated,  40,454  miles;  9,714  employes). 

The  Company  has  libraries  at  the  following  points  in 
the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico,  with  member- 
ship and  number  of  books  as  indicated: 


Location 

Date 
Organized 

No.  OF            No.  OF 

Members    Volumes 
! 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

August       1890 
October__..1897 
January....  1898 
January..._1901 
August      1899 

740 
646 
279 
714 

5,300 

New  York  City,  N.  Y 

3,712 

Chicago,  111 

2,796 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

2,715 

City  of  Mexico,  Mex 

1,000 

TotaL  

2,379 

15,523 

Terminal  Reference 
Libraries. 


The  Company  also  provides  what  are  known  as  "Terminal 
Reference  Libraries,"  located  at  22  points  throughout  the 
territory  traversed  by  its  service,  and  at  which  the  routes 
of  express  messengers  terminate,  for  the  especial  use  of  such 
employes. 


Q. — Railway  Mail  Service. 


United  States. 


Railway  Mail  Service. 


This  represents  one  of  the  most  important  branches  of 
the  Government  Post-office  Department. 


Route  statistics. 


2,935  railroad  routes,  with  total  length  of  192,852  miles, 
and  an  annual  travel  aggregating  333,491,684  miles. 


Classification  of  service. 


The  service  is  thus  classified: 
a. — Pouch  service. 

b. — Apartment  or  compartment  service. 
c. — Railway  post-office  service. 


Traveling  post-offices. 


Railway  Post-Office  Service. 

This  is  the  branch  of  the  service  which  will  be  particu- 
larly discussed  herein.  The  entire  car  (or,  as  it  is  com- 
monly termed,  traveling  post-office)  is  devoted  to  mail 
service,  in  charge  of  one  or  more  mail  clerks.  These  clerks 
practically  pass  their  lives  on  the  rail,  and  such  provision 
as  may  be  in  force  looking  to  their  care  and  the  assistance 
of  their  families,  in  the  event  of  sickness,  accident,  old  age, 
or  death,  during  or  arising  from  their  connection  with  the 
service,  is  properly  a  subject  for  investigation  and  report. 


Number  clerks. 


Number    of   clerks    in  the  service   June  30,   1903,  was 
10,555. 


Number  cars. 


Number  of  railway  postal  cars  and  apartments  in  use 
and  in  reserve  was  4,039. 
(345) 


346  Railway  Mail  Service. 


DEPARTMENTAL   MEASURES. 


measures. 


Post-office  Department  ]?or  a  number  of  years  past  the  Postmaster-General  of 

each  administration  has  strongly  recommended  to  Congress 
the  adoption  of  relief  and  superannuation  measures  for 
railway  post-office  clerks. 


CONGRESSIONAL   ACTION. 

Congressional  action.  a — Provision    for    absence    on    account     of    disability 

incurred  in  service: 

Whenever  a  railway  postal  clerk  shall  be  disabled 
in  the  actual  discharge  of  his  duties  by  a  railroad 
or  other  accident  beyond  his  power  to  control, 
the  Postmaster-General  may,  in  his  judgment, 
the  facts  justifying  such  action,  grant  such  dis- 
abled clerk  leave  of  absence  with  pay  for  periods 
of  not  exceeding  60  days  each,  and  not  exceeding 
one  (1)  year  in  all. 

b. — Provision  through  Post-office  Appropriation  Bill: 

Since  the  passage  of  the  Act  of  April  21,  1902, 
there  is  paid  to  the  proper  legal  beneficiary  of 
postal  clerks  killed  in  the  line  of  duty  the  sum 
of  $1,000. 


PURELY   EMPLOYES'   ACTION. 
United  states  Railway  There  will  be  next  presented  the  chief  characteristics  of 

Mail  Service  Mutual  .      . 

Benefit  Association.  the  fraternal  associations  promoted,  conducted,  and  main- 

tained wholly   by   employes   identified   with   the  Railway 
Mail  Service,  viz.: 


UNITED   STATES    RAILWAY    MAIL   SERVICE    MUTUAL    BENEFIT 
ASSOCIATION. 

inauguration.  Organized  in  1874,  and  incorporated  under  law  of  State  of 

Illinois  November  17,  1880. 


Railway  Mail  Service. 


347 


Object. 


Participants. 


Age. 

Membership  classification. 


Object  is  to  provide  pecuniary  relief  to  the  widows, 
orphans,  and  other  beneficiaries  of  deceased  members. 

Only  railway  postal  clerks  and  others  connected  with 
the  railway  branch  of  the  mail  service,  post-office  inspectors, 
and  superintendents  of  mails  are  eligible  to  membership. 
All  members  must  pass  a  satisfactory  medical  examination. 

Maximum  age  for  admission  to  membership  is  40  years. 

Membership  at  the  present  time  is  divided  into  two 
classes,  membership  in  which  is  governed  by  age,  those 
under  30  years  of  age  being  admitted  to  Class  "A,"  and 
over  30  to  Class  "B." 


Assessments  by  classes. 


Other  receipts. 


Contributions  are  as  follows : 

Class  "A" _ $1.50  per  assessment. 

Class  "B" $2.00  per  assessment. 

Other  Association  receipts  consist  of : 

Membership  fee $  1 .50 

Annual  dues. 1 .50 


Benefits. 


Benefits. — On  the  death  of  a  member  there  is  paid  to  his 
beneficiaries  from  the  Benefit  Fund  the  sum  of  $2,000, 
within  60  days  after  satisfactory  proofs  of  death  have  been 
received. 


Two  funds. 


Two  funds,  viz.: 


Expense  Fund. 


EXPENSE    FUND. 

Derived  from  annual  dues  and  fees  received  from  new 
members  and  for  change  in  beneficiaries.  The  fund  thus 
received  provides  for  all  salaries  of  officers  and  all  other 
expenses  of  management,  and  also  provides  for  local  secre- 
taries located  at  all  important  Railway  Mail  Service  centres, 
where  members  may  pay  their  assessments  conveniently 
and  without  extra  cost. 


348 


Railway  Mail  Service. 


BENEFIT   FUND. 

Benefit  Fund.  Derived   from   moneys   received   from   assessments   and 

the  interest  therefrom.     Used  for  no  other  purpose  than 
the  payment  of  death  benefits. 

Disposition  of  Benefit  Fund.  This  fund  is  deposited  in  designated  banks  or  trust  com- 
panies, and  the  Executive  Committee  may  invest  not 
exceeding  60  per  centum  of  the  fund  in  registered  United 
States  Government  bonds;  provided,  also,  that  $10,000 
shall  be  invested  in  Government  bonds  annually,  the 
interest  accruing  on  such  money  and  bonds  to  be  incidental 
and  accrue  to  the  fund. 


Expense  Fund  surplus. 


Minimum  of  Benefit  Fund. 


Balance. 


Disbursement. 


Number  members. 


Nature. 


Objects. 


At  the  end  of  the  business  year,  if  more  than  $500  is  in 
the  treasury  to  credit  of  Expense  Fund,  the  surplus  over 
$500  is  transferred  to  the  Benefit  Fund. 

Statutory  enactment  of  State  of  Illinois  requires  that  the 
Benefit  Fund  be  kept  at  one-half  of  one  (1)  per  centum  of 
total  Association  liability;  the  Association,  however,  keeps 
the  amount  equal  to  one  and  one-half  (1£)  per  centum  of 
such  total  liability. 

Balance  in  Benefit  or  Reserve  Fund  July  1,  1904, 
$100,968.87. 

Disbursements  to  beneficiaries  since  inauguration,  over 
$950,000. 

Membership  July  1,  1904,  4,969. 

National  Association  of  Railway  Postal  Clerks. 

Fraternal  beneficiary  association. 

Aims  to  provide  closer  social  relationship  among  railway 
postal  clerks ;  to  enable  them  to  perfect  any  movement  that 
may  be  for  their  benefit  as  a  class  or  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Railway  Mail  Service ;  to  furnish  relief  for  its  members  and 
their  beneficiaries  and  make  provision  for  the  payment  of 
benefits  to  them  in  case  of  death,  sickness,  temporary  or 


Railway  Mail  Service.  349 

permanent  physical  disability  either  as  a  result  of  disease, 
accident,  or  old  age. 

Any  regular  employe  of  the  Railway  Mail  Service  or  any 
ex-railway  postal  clerk  employed  in  any  classified  post- 
office  is  eligible  to  membership. 

Annual  dues  of  $1.00  for  executive  purposes. 

Executive  Committee  authorized  to  levy  extra  pro  rata 
assessment  for  emergency  purposes. 

BENEFICIARY   DEPARTMENT. 

Income  consists  of: 

a. — Annual  dues,  $1.00  per  year. 

b—  Certificate  fee,  $2.00. 

c. — Fee  for  change  of  beneficiary,  50  cents. 

Benefit  Fund  maintained  as  nearly  as  possible  at  one- 
fourth  of  one  (1)  per  centum  of  the  total  contingent  death 
liability;  and  until  it  does  reach  this  status  at  least  one 
assessment  each  two  months  may  be  levied. 

Benefit  allowances : 

Indemnity 
Nature  of  Incapacitation.  Allowance. 

a. — Loss  of  an  arm  or  leg $1,000 

b. — Loss  of  both  arms  or  both  legs,  or  one  arm  and  one  leg 3,000 

c. — Loss  of  either  eye 1,000 

d. — Loss  of  both  eyes. 3,000 

e. — Death  from  accident 3,000 

/. — Temporary  incapacitation,  account  of  injury,  $15  per  week 

for  not  exceeding  52  weeks. 

Membership  as  of  February  1,  1903,  approximated  7,000. 


Membership. 

Executive  dues. 
Extra  levy. 


Income  of  Benefit  Fund. 


Benefit  Fund  basis. 


Benefit  allowances. 


Number  members. 


R. — Welfare  Work. 


United  States. 


Scope  of  Welfare  Work. 


There  is  in  vogue  throughout  the  United  States,  and 
comprising  in  its  operations  all  lines  of  industrial  under- 
taking, express  companies,  street-car  companies,  etc.,  what 
is  denominated  "Welfare  Work,"  which  is  generally  defined 
as  comprehending  the  following: 

a. — Special  consideration  for  physical  comfort  wherever 

labor  is  performed. 
b. — Opportunity  for  recreation. 
c. — Educational  advantages. 
d. — Provision  of  suitable  sanitary  homes. 
This  work  inevitably  partakes  of  the  characteristics  of 
the  various  provident  undertakings  conducted  by  many  of 
the  American  railways,   although  on  not  so  extended  or 
varied  a  scale. 


Characteristics. 


The  work  is  local  to  the  industrial  concern  to  which  it 
pertains,  and  its  application  thus  becomes  a  separate 
problem  whose  solution  will  for  the  most  part  rest  upon  the 
intelligent,  careful,  and  continued  effort  of  those  identified 
with  each  undertaking. 


Features  outlined. 


Some  of  the  characteristics  of  Welfare  Work,  delevoped 
by  experience,  are : 

a. — Physical  welfare:  Including  provisions  for  cleanli- 
ness,   pure   drinking   water,    proper   toilet   rooms, 
ventilation,    light,    separate    lockers    for    outdoor 
clothing,  dressing  rooms. 
b. — Recreation:  Including  gymnasia,  athletics,  indoor 
and  outdoor,  club  houses  with  rooms  for  dancing, 
entertaining,  and  for  games. 
c. — Homes:  Including  good  drainage  system,   supply 
of  pure  water,  good  paving  and  curbing;  system 
for  saving  and  lending  money  to  enable  employes 
to  own  attractive  homes. 
(351) 


352 


Welfare  Work. 


d. — Insurance  societies. 
e. — Pension  systems. 


Pergonal  contact. 


The  success  of  these  undertakings  depends,  it  is  claimed, 
upon  adequate  mutuality  of  endeavor  between  employer  and 
employes,  and  this  involves  more  or  less  contact  between 
these  two  interests  in  the  promotion  and  conduct  of  the 
various  movements  set  afoot. 


Efforts  of  one  industrial 
concern. 


A  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
manufacturing  company. 


One  large  industrial  plant  provides  the  following  features 
for  its  employes: 

a. — Casino,  containing  arrangements  for: 
a. — Dining  and  luncheon  rooms, 
b. — Lodging  rooms, 
c. — Bicycle  rooms, 
d. — Library. 
b. — Two  (2)  beneficial  associations  organized  and  con- 
ducted exclusively  by  employes. 
c. — Annual  dinner. 
d. — An    orchestra    has    been    organized    among    the 

employes. 
e. — Merit  and  thrift  are  encouraged  in  the  form  of 
additional  compensation,  according  to  merit,  based 
on  periodic  inspection. 
/. — Savings  bank. 

g. — Loans  on  mortgage :  To  encourage  the  men  to  build 
homes  for  themselves,  the  saving  bank  loans  to 
them,  to  a  proper  extent,  on  mortgage. 
h. — Pension  system:  Pensions  being  granted  on  the 
following  age  limits  and  terms  of  service,  in  con- 
nection with  old  age  or  permanent  incapacitation : 

75  years  of  age,  25  years'  continuous  service. 
65  years  of  age,  35  years'  continuous  service. 
60  years  of  age,  40  years'  continuous  service. 

Another  instance: 

A  large  stock  company  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  organized 
to  engage  in  the  manufacture  of  hats  of  the  finer  grades, 
has  in  successful  operation  among  its  upwards  of  twenty- 


Welfare  Work.  353 


five  hundred  employes,  male  and  female,  what  is  styled  a 
"labor  system,"  which  has  for  its  objects: 

a. — Accomplishment  of  work  of  the  best  quality  possible. 
b. — Accomplishment  of  work  in  quantity  to  meet  the 

demands  of  the  business. 
c. — Accomplishment  of  work  at  such  cost  that   the 

product  will  be  profitable. 
d. — Maintenance   of   working   conditions   as   healthful 

and  agreeable  as  possible. 
e. — Encouragement  of  personal  interest  on  the  part  of 
the  individual  employe  in  the  business  as  a  whole. 
/. — Promotion  of  the  general  well-being  of  employes 
through  institutional  establishments. 
Apprenticeship.  The  working  force  is  recruited  almost  entirely  by  means 

of  apprenticeship,  its  elasticity  necessary  to  meet  the  de- 
mands of  the  business  being  maintained  by  the  extension 
or  restriction  of  the  number  of  boys  indentured.  The 
primary  result  of  apprenticeship,  it  is  claimed,  is  a  high 
order  of  skill  in  a  special  line  of  work.  In  addition,  the 
long  period  of  service  (the  indenture  covering  a  period  of 
at  least  three  years  when  the  boy  is  under  18  years  of  age( 
until  majority)  tends  to  create  a  feeling  of  personal  interest 
on  the  part  of  the  employe  in  the  interests  of  the  Company. 
The  system  is  thus  calculated  to  produce  a  permanence  and 
solidarity  of  interest  otherwise  difficult  of  attainment. 
Specific  plans.  Certain  plans  are  adopted  by  the  Company  from  time  to 

time  in  furtherance  of  the  "system,"  those  now  in  vogue 
including  the  following,  viz.: 

a. — Prizes  for  apprentices.     These  are  made  as  rewards 

of  merit. 
b. — Bonuses    for    faithful   work.     These   are   paid    at 
Christmas  to  the  men  who  have  worked  continu- 
ously  and   faithfully   throughout   the   year.     The 
bonus  is  computed  on  basis  of  a  percentage  of  the 
employe's  earnings  during  the  year. 
c. — Building     association.     Organized     to     encourage 
thrift,  to  spread  home  influences,  and  to  increase 
the  permanence- of  the  working  force. 
d. — Savings  fund.     Any  employe  is  privileged  to  de- 
posit to  the  extent  of  $10  per  week.     Fund  now 
has  over  300  depositors. 


354  Welfare  Work. 


e. — Stock  allotment.  There  was  originally  placed  at 
the  disposal  of  the  President  of  the  Company,  to 
be  allotted  to  employes,  5,000  shares  of  its  increased 
common  stock  of  a  par  value  of  $500,000.  This 
stock  is  placed  in  the  hands  of  trustees  for  the 
benefit  of  the  employes  to  whom  allotted.  No 
payment  is  made  by  the  employes.  Shares  are 
to  be  paid  for  at  par  virtually  by  their  own  divi- 
dends. At  dividend  periods  an  amount  equal  to 
the  dividend  on  the  shares  allotted,  less  5  per 
centum  interest  on  the  unpaid  balance  on  the  shares, 
is  paid  to  the  trustees  and  applied  by  them  to  the 
payment  of  the  par  value  of  the  shares.  Employe 
at  his  option  may  draw  annually  from  the  divi- 
dend not  to  exceed  5  per  centum  of  the  par  value 
of  shares  allotted  to  him.  At  end  of  15  years,  if 
paid  up,  the  shares  are  to  be  transferred  abso- 
lutely to  the  employe.  If  paid  up  before  end  of 
that  period,  the  entire  dividends  are  to  be  paid 
to  employe  until  end  of  the  period. 
/. — Beneficial  fund.  Maintained  by  Company,  by 
monthly  assessment  not  exceeding  25  cents  on 
each  employe.  Adult  employes  incapacitated  for 
work  by  illness  or  injury  are  paid  $5.00  a  week. 
g. — Pensions.  A  system  of  pensions  for  aged  or  dis- 
abled employes  has  been  instituted. 
h. — In  addition  to  the  foregoing  a  number  of  institu- 
tions have  been  established  of  a  more  usual  and 
general  nature: 

a. — A  mission  organization,  the  plant  providing 
facilities  for  a  Sunday-school, week-day  meet- 
ings, a  musical  society,  and  various  organi- 
zations, 
b. — A  free  circulating  library  is  operated  in  con- 
nection with  the  Sunday-school. 
c. — A  hospital  and  dispensary  is  maintained. 
Railways  interested  Railway  officials,  generally,  throughout  the  country,  are 

interested  in  this  work,  and  are  giving  it  close  observance 
and  study. 


Conclusion. 


Provident  era. 


From  what  has  been  hereinbefore  premised,  it  will  be 
perceived  that  the  history  of  the  railways  concerned  comes 
well  within  the  cycle  of  three-quarters  of  a  century  of  time. 
There  was  not  a  mile  of  steam  railroad  in  the  world  at  the 
beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century. 


Earliest  road  in 
Great  Britain. 


The  first  public  passenger  railway  in  Great  Britain  was 
the  Liverpool  &  Manchester  Railway,  begun  in  1826,  and 
opened  for  traffic  in  the  summer  of  1830. 


First  road  in  United  States. 


In  the  United  States  the  first  railway  for  general  public 
use  was  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  chartered  in  1827, 
on  which  construction  was  started  in  1828,  with  13  miles 
opened  for  traffic  in  1830. 


Results  of  three-quarters 
of  a  century. 


It  will  thus  be  obvious  that  within  the  scriptural  allot- 
ment for  the  span  of  human  life,  three  score  years  and  ten, 
the  condition  of  the  average  railway  employe  has  developed 
from  the  stages  of  veriest  drudgery  and  hardship,  with 
comparatively  parsimonious  wage  allowance,  up  to  an  era, 
as  exemplified  at  the  present  day,  of  exceptional  oppor- 
tunity and  progress,  in  which  the  average  wage  earner  has 
placed  before  him,  on  the  most  favorable  terms,  the  very 
best  conceivable  and  available  means  for  individual  ad- 
vancement to  the  highest  planes  of  life. 


Continued  growth  of 
provident  effort. 


Disregarding  the  anthropological  side  of  the  question,  as 
well  as  its  purely  scientific  aspects,  and  relying  altogether 
upon  clearly  demonstrable  accomplishments,  it  may  be 
safely  asserted  that  each  succeeding  decade  of  railway 
operation  has  brought  into  widespread  and  substantial 
being  a  stronger,  healthier,  and  better  altruistic  sentiment 
and  condition  among  railway  personnel  in  general,  thereby 
doing  away  with  antiquated  and  inadequate  methods. 
(355) 


356 


Conclusion. 


Pennsylvania  System  ex- 
penditure during  1903. 


While  statistical  information  furnished  by  the  various 
railways  and  associated  interests  for  the  several  provident 
undertakings  encompassed  by  report  was  obviously  charac- 
terized by  dissimilarity  and  lack  of  uniformity,  the  Reporter, 
by  reason  of  official  relations  sustained  thereto,  is  enabled 
and  feels  called  upon  to  present,  by  way  of  general  informa- 
tion, a  recapitulation  of  expenditure  incurred  and  made 
by  the  Lines  of  the  Pennsylvania  System  East  and  West  of 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  for  provident  movements  hereinbefore  de- 
tailed, during  the  year  ended  December  31,  1903,  aggre- 
gating $943,618.23,  as  follows: 


Lines  East 

Lines  West 

Relief  Department 

Pension  Department 

Hospital  Service          

$262,777.37 

363,629.29 

18,370.00 

8,417.93 

53,351.36 

$91,614.09 

130,381.81 

2,197.50 

Saving  Fund... 

Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation   Railway     Branches 
and  Libraries  and  Reading- 
Rooms 

4,537.76 
8,341.12 

Total 

$706,545.95 

$237,072.28 

Statistics. 


The  following  figures  will  serve  as  a  groundwork  for  study 
and  reflection  on  the  extent  to  which  railways  have  pro- 
ceeded in  the  conduct  of  provident  undertakings  in  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain. 


Conclusion. 


357 


Railway  mileage 
and  employes. 


Financing  and 
traffic  volume. 


At  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  year  the  railway  mileage  of 
Great  Britain  was  22,380  miles  and  the  number  of  railway 
employes  575,000,  while  in  the  United  States  there  were 
205,000  miles  of  railway    and  1,312,537  employes. 

The  subjoined  table  presents  figures  on  railway  capitali- 
zation, earnings,  and  volume  of  traffic  for  the  two  countries 
named  for  the  year  1903 : 


Mileage  embraced  by 
reportorial  investigation. 


Great  Britain 

United  States 

Shares  of  capital  stock 

£981,681,000 

$6,155,559,032 

Funded  debt  

£390,224,000 

$6,444,431,226 

Gross  earnings 

£110,925,000 

$1,900,846,907 

Operating  expenses 

£68,579,000 

$1,257,538,852 

Net  earnings 

£42,346,000 

$643,308,055 

*  Passengers  carried 

1,194,833,000 

694,891,535 

Freight    tonnage    carried, 

tons.. 

443,830,000 

1,304,394,323 

It  may  not  be  uninteresting  to  state  that  reportorial 
investigation  comprehended  territory  representing  approxi- 
mately 303,000  miles  of  railway,  or  about  62  per  centum 
of  the  entire  railway  mileage  of  the  world,  which  is  about 
490,000  miles,  based  on  0.621  mile  to  the  kilometer.  Re- 
portorial mileage  in  this  relation  is  distributed  territorially 
as  follows: 


Country 


United  States 

Canada 

Mexico  

Central  America... 

West  Indies 

Sandwich  Islands. 
United  Kingdom.. 

Asia 

Africa 

Australasia 


Total. 


205,000 

18,000 

9,500 

800 

2,000 

200 

22,000 

25,000 

5,000 

15,000 


303,000 


*  Item  "Passengers  carried,  1,194,833,000.'"  for  railways  of  Great  Britain,  does 
not  include  618,000  "holders  of  season  or  periodical  tickets,"  which  class  of 
travel  is,  however,  included  in  corresponding  figures  given  for  the  United  States. 


ADDENDA 


ADDENDA. 


Section  4  of  the  International  Railway  Congress  held  its  meetings  during  the 
seventh  session  of  the  Congress  in  Washington,  D.  C,  May  3-13,  1905,  in  the  Hotel 
Raleigh,  corner  Twelfth  Street  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  under  the  presidency 
of  M.  Emile  Heurteau,  Director  of  the  Paris  &  Orleans  Railway  Company,  of 
France  (and  member  of  the  Permanent  Commission  of  the  Congress).  Reportorial 
results  on  the  subject  of  "Provident  Institutions"  were  laid  before  the  Section 
in  the  following  paper,  read  on  Wednesday,  May  10,  1905,  presenting  a  synopsis 
of  performance  and  conclusions,  viz.: 

REPORTORIAL  REMARKS  BEFORE  SECTION  4, 
INTERNATIONAL  RAILWAY  CONGRESS, 
ON  QUESTION  XVI,  "PROVIDENT  INSTITUTIONS," 
WEDNESDAY,  MAY  10,  1905. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen: 

The  subject  for  presentation  is  "Provident  Institutions 
(general  principles  of  plans  for  the  retirement  and  insurance 
of  railway  employes  and  workmen)  in  Countries  using  the 
English  Language." 

Nature  of  investigations.  Investigations  were  pursued  and  report  compiled  from 

the  standpoint  of  the  use  of  the  term  "Provident  Insti- 
tutions" in  its  widest  application  to  provident  endeavor 
in  connection  with  the  railway  service  in  English-speaking 
countries.  As  announced  in  report,  this  course  was  taken 
for  the  purpose  of  laying  before  the  present  session  of  the 
International  Railway  Congress  a  compendium  on  all 
salient  factors  generally  conceded  to  be  the  main  avenues 
through  and  by  which  the  railway  companies  are  enabled  to 
get  on  closer  and  more  intimate  terms  with  their  employes. 
The  aim  has  been  to  give  facts  concisely  and  clearly,  based 
on  authoritative  replies  received  from  the  railways  and 
other  sources  of  information  with  which  communication 
(1) 


Addenda. 

was  had  in  relation  thereto.  A  mere  cursory  glance  at 
the  makeup  of  the  report  will  show  the  great  variety  of 
information  comprehended  on  different  provident  under- 
takings, and  the  different  methods  observed  in  the  framing 
of  replies  by  the  interested  roads. 

The  report  has  been,  however,  devoted  for  the  most  part 
to  what  may  be  styled  the  chief  provident  undertakings, 
namely,  "insurance  and  retirement"  provision. 

It  has  not  been  deemed  necessary  to  make  comment  upon 
the  practices  common  to  commercial  insurance  companies, 
for  these  are  pretty  much  the  same  in  all  countries,  and 
with  which  all  are  generally  familiar. 


Division  of  railway 
insurance  in  U.  S. 


As  will  be  noted,  the  subject  of  "insurance"  in  connection 
with  the  railway  service  in  the  United  States  has  been 
divided  into  five  different  heads,  namely: 

a. — Life  and  Accident  Insurance. 

b. — Mutual  Insurance. 

c. — Endowment  Insurance. 

d. — Railway  Relief  Department. 

e. — Employes'  Relief  Association. 

This  division  was  arbitrarily  made,  with  the  view  of 
conveniently  and  conspicuously  emphasizing  the  points 
of  difference  in  the  characteristics  common  to  the  various 
forms  of  insurance  undertakings  conducted  by  or  in  con- 
nection with  the  several  railways. 


Summary  of  report  features. 


Before  entering  upon  direct  comment  upon  the  data 
embraced  by  report  to  the  Commission,  your  attention  is 
respectfully  directed  to  an  announcement  of  the  various 
provident  institutions  and  measures  treated  therein.  These 
will  be  next  stated  in  summarized  form,  and  in  the  order 
of  their  presentation  in  the  report,  namely: 

a. — Insurance  and  Relief  Provision. 
b. — Pension  or  Retirement  Provision. 
c. — Superannuation  Provision. 


Addenda. 

d. — Hospital  Service. 

e. — Savings  Funds. 

/. — Co-operative  Capital  Stock  Purchasing  Plans. 

g. — Young    Men's    Christian    Association    Railroad 
Branches. 

h. — Libraries  and  Reading  Rooms. 

i. — Literary  Institutes. 

j. — Loan  Provision. 

k. — Public  or  Private  (Outside  )Provision. 

/. — Leave  Allowance. 
m. — Miscellaneous  Provision  (including  minor  provi- 
dent   effort,    such    as    Rest    Rooms,    Dining 
Clubs,  etc.). 
-Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods. 


— Palace  or  Sleeping  Car  Companies. 
— Express  Companies. 
— Railway  Mail  Service. 
—Welfare  Work. 


importance  of  auxiliary  While  the  real  kevstone  of  the  arch  of  provident  insti- 

undertakings.  .  .   . 

tutions  is  the  composite  made  up  of  the  provision  made 
and  sustained  at  railway  expense,  for  sick,  injured,  and 
aged  employes,  and  designated  beneficiaries  in  the  event 
of  their  death,  as  comprehended  in  respectively  "insurance 
and  relief,"  "pension  or  retirement,"  and  "superannuation" 
plans,  the  other  undertakings  just  offered  obviously  form 
distinct  and  sound  links  in  a  continuous  chain  of  provident 
effort  clearly  calculated  to  create  mental,  physical,  social, 
and  spiritual  betterment ;  and  they  also  serve  to  accentuate 
the  force  and  utility  of  the  general  proposition.  You  are 
respectfully  requested  to  consult  the  two  parts  of  report, 
which,  for  sake  of  convenience,  may  be  designated  as 
"General  Report"  and  "Supplemental  Report,"  and  which 
the  Commission  has  styled  "Report  No.  1"  and  "Comple- 
ment to  Report  No.  1."     These  reports  are  fully  indexed, 


Addenda. 

and  a  moment's  consultation  of  the  indices  will  suffice  to 
point  the  way  to  any  particular  provident  undertaking  in 
any  of  the  countries  included  in  reportorial  investigation. 


Insurance  plans,  U.  S. 


Insurance  plans  will  be  discussed  in  the  order  given  in 
report,  as  already  stated,  and  may  be  briefly  described  as: 


Life  and  Accident  Insurance. 

Life  and  accident  insurance.  This  js  insurance  provided  by  regular  or  commercial 
insurance  organizations  conducted  independently  of  the 
railway  companies.  The  latter  contract  for  the  insurance 
under  varying  conditions,  and  it  is  provided  the  employes 
on  different  terms.  This  form  of  insurance  will  be  found 
treated  at  pages  17  to  25,  both  inclusive,  of  report.  It 
may  be  observed  that  some  of  the  roads  conduct  their  own 
system  of  accident  insurance,  and  these  undertakings, 
while  patterned  after  the  practices  of  the  commercial  com- 
panies, are  also  invested  with  peculiarities  which  the  roads 
concerned  may  deem  suitable  for  their  own  requirements. 


Mutual  insurance. 


Mutual  Insurance. 

The  presentation  for  Mutual  Insurance  will  be  found  at 
pages  25  to  29,  both  inclusive,  of  report.  These  Mutual 
Benefit  or  Relief  Associations,  so  styled,  are  characterized 
by  features  identifying  them  more  or  less  closely  with 
commercial  insurance  practices,  especially  in  regard  to  the 
"risks"  involved,  also  by  reason  of  working  exclusively 
along  accident  and  death  lines.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  they 
could  be  consistently  grouped  with  the  so-called  "Employes' 
Relief  Associations"  mentioned  in  said  General  Report, 
and  of  which  mention  will  be  made  later  on.  Their  sepa- 
ration from  this  group  was  dictated  largely  by  the  desire  to 
bring  out  the  salient  elements  of  this  particular  class  of 
railway  insurance. 


Addenda. 


Endowment  Insurance. 


Endowment  insurance. 


This  is  in  no  sense  similar  to  the  endowment  insurance 
provided  by  regular  life  insurance  companies.  The  insur- 
ance furnished  grows  out  of  an  endowment  or  principal 
sum  given  by  one  or  more  persons;  from  the  interest,  or 
net  proceeds  of  such  interest,  is  created  and  maintained  a 
fund  out  of  which  is  made  payments  to  designated  employes 
when  affected  by  sickness,  accident,  old  age,  and  specified 
beneficiaries  in  the  event  of  their  death.  This  feature 
is  offered  at  pages  30  and  31,  and  279  to  281,  both  inclusive, 
of  report.  At  the  pages  named  will  be  found  presented 
a  brief  outlining  of  the  endowment  fund  created  by  the 
well-known  philanthropist,  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  amount- 
ing to  $4,000,000,  providing  accident  and  death  benefits 
and  pension  allowances,  and  which  concerns  employes  of 
companies  with  a  standing  as  constituent  members  of  the 
Carnegie  interests. 


Railway  Relief  Department. 

Railway  relief  department.  When  the  term  "Railway  Relief  Department"  is  used  in 

report,  the  idea  sought  to  be  conveyed  is,  that  the  roads 
involved  are  directly,  substantially,  and  continuously 
identified  and  concerned  in  the  management  and  operation 
of  the  funds.  They  are  thus  differentiated  from  the  numer- 
ous insurance  societies  organized  and  maintained  by  the 
employes  themselves  exclusively,  and  in  the  management 
of  which  the  railroad  companies  have  no  voice,  although 
they  may  from  time  to  time  make  liberal  contributions 
toward  their  support.  A  railroad  relief  department  viewed 
in  this  light  represents  an  organization  invested  with  the 
best  attributes  of  the  so-called  mutual  benefit  association, 
in  the  management  and  conduct  of  which  both  the  railroad 
concerned  and  its  employes  mutually  and  jointly  co-operate 
to  bring  about  well-defined  and  common  ends — fixed  benefit 
allowances  during  disablement  from  sickness  or  accident, 
and  payment  of  a  stipulated  sum  of  money  to  designated 
beneficiaries  in  the  event  of  death. 


6  Addenda. 

The  report  includes  nine  (9)  roads  identified  with  the 
conduct  of  relief  departments,  and  these  I  will  next  announce, 
together  with  certain  statistics  related  to  each: 

Relief  department  statistics.       ^HE  NlNE  (9)   ROADS  CONDUCTING  RELIEF   DEPARTMENTS. 


Name  of  Road 

Mileage 

Number 

of 
Employes 

Number 

of 
Members 

Average 

Annual 

Expenditure 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad 

4,139 
4,322 
8,324 
88 
1,398 
392 
5,852 
5,062 
1,468 

17,512 
54,600 
38,350 

1,088 
18,621 

6,145 

110,327 

49,202 

23,732 

8,129 

41,783 

22,141 

995 

6,505 

4,700 

76,507 

26,644 

18,951 

$82,763.83 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 

375,153.75 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Ry. 
Chicago  Terminal  &  Valley  Railroad „ 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 

332,504.71 

9,304.42 

35,547.55 

Long  Island  Railroad 

20,400.00 

Penna.  System  East  of  Pittsburgh 

Penna.  System  West  of  Pittsburgh 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway 

750,989.53 
381,260.40 
241,765.54 

Totals 

31,045 

319,577 

206,355 

$2,229,689.73 

The  figures  given  in  the  table  pertain  to  the  year  1903. 

The  report  offers  these  railway  relief  departments  at 
pages  31  to  77,  both  inclusive.  The  departments  with  the 
several  interested  roads  are  patterned  after  those  in  opera- 
tion by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  and  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road Companies,  which  are  given  at  pages  40  to  50,  both 
inclusive,  and  60  to  72,  both  inclusive,  respectively,  in 
report. 


Penna.  R.  R.  Relief 
Department  exhibit. 


In  this  connection,  permit  me  to  call  attention  to  the  fact 
that  I  have  had  prepared  a  special  exhibit  for  the  Relief 
Department  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company.  It 
embraces  literature,  pamphlets,  forms,  etc.,  a  study  of 
which  will  afford  a  clear  insight  into  the  practical  workings 
of  the  plan.  I  will  be  glad  to  furnish  copies  of  these  papers 
to  any  one  desiring  them,  if  they  will  leave  their  address 
or  write  for  them ;  also  similar  information  in  regard  to  the 
Pension  Department  and  Saving  Fund  of  the  Company. 


Addenda. 


Combined  relief  department 
disbursement. 


P.  R.  R.  benefit  payments. 


Another  very  interesting  statistical  fact  in  connection 
with  the  operation  of  railway  relief  departments  is,  that 
while  their  combined  average  annual  disbursements  aggre- 
gate in  round  figures  $2,230,000,  their  combined  disburse- 
ments since  organization  approximate  $37,150,000. 

During  the  eighteen  years'  operation  of  the  Relief 
Department  of  the  Lines  of  the  Pennsylvania  System  East 
of  Pittsburgh,  to  the  end  of  1903,  benefits  were  paid  for 
469,000  cases  of  disablement  for  periods  ranging  from  one 
day  to  seventeen  years,  while  8,531  families  of  deceased 
members  received  death  benefits  varying  in  amount  from 
$250  to  $2,500,  according  to  class  membership.  The 
members  numbered  19,952  on  December  31,  1886,  and,  as 
already  stated,  numbered  76,507  at  the  close  of  the  year 
1903,  or  about  69  per  centum  of  the  total  number  of  employes, 
and  included  nearly  all  those  who,  by  reason  of  age  and 
physical  condition,  were  eligible  to  membership.  The 
total  disbursement  during  this  eighteen-year  period, 
inclusive  of  $148,662.15  for  Superannuation  allowances, 
and  $1,815,641.54  for  operating  expenses,  amounted  to 
$13,517,811.47. 


Employes'  relief 
associations. 


Insurance  with  British 
railways. 


Employes'  Relief  Associations. 

These  are,  as  a  rule,  small  societies  organized  among  the 
employes  themselves,  exclusively,  and  conducted  wholly 
by  themselves,  the  railway  companies  with  whose  service 
such  employes  are  identified  having  no  voice  whatever  in 
their  affairs,  although  in  some  instances  the  companies 
contribute  irregularly,  and  under  varying  conditions,  to 
their  support.  A  few  of  these  associations  have  been 
offered,  by  way  of  illustration,  at  pages  41  to  44  of  the 
General  Report. 

Among  the  railways  of  the  British  Isles  these  insurance 
organizations  are  conducted  under  such  general  titles  as 
"Accident  Fund,"  "Sick  Society,"  "Sick  and  Funeral 
Allowance  Fund,"  "Friendly  Society,"  "Insurance  Society," 
etc.  The  organizations  usually  receive  financial  and  other 
aid  from  the  railwavs  with  which  thev  are  identified.     In 


Addenda. 

some  instances  organizations  combine  provision  for  sickness, 
accident,  old  age,  and  death.  Membership  is  in  many 
instances  compulsory.  The  principle  underlying  the  opera- 
tions of  the  institutions  is  very  similar.  The  subject  is 
given  at  pages  89  to  118,  both  inclusive,  of  report. 


It  may  be  observed  that  all  the  representative  railways 
of  Great  Britain  provide  Friendly  Society  insurance,  in 
some  form,  for  their  employes.  Sundry  Parliamentary 
enactments,  from  time  to  time,  such  as  the  Friendly 
Societies  Act,  the  Employers'  Liability  Act,  and  the  Work- 
men's Compensation  Act,  stand  as  Government  guarantees 
for  the  workingman's  protection;  and  many  of  the  roads 
have  created  their  own  insurance  schemes  to  take  the  place 
of  legislative  requirements;  it  always  being  a  prerequisite 
that  the  railway  undertaking  shall  make  as  good  or  better 
provision  than  is  afforded  by  Parliamentary  legislation, 
otherwise  the  employes  may  avail  themselves  of  the  latter. 
The  undertakings  previous  to  inauguration  are  submitted 
to  and  have  the  approval  of  the  Government's  Registrar 
of  Friendly  Societies,  and  this  officer  is  furnished  periodi- 
cally with  reports  and  statements  exhibiting  the  results 
of  their  operations  along  all  lines. 


Report  tables.     Insurance. 


As  a  source  of  general  information,  attention  is  invited 
to  the  tabulated  data  presented  at  pages  12  and  13  of  report, 
in  regard  to  "insurance  and  retirement"  provisions  among 
the  railways  of  the  United  States. 


Pension. 


Pension  departments, 
United  States. 


Pension  departments  in  the  United  States  possess  the 
same  general  characteristics,  all  being  patterned  after  the 
plans  adopted  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  and  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Companies,  only  merely  nominal  differ- 
ences obtaining,  such  as  are  necessitated  by  physical  and 
financial  conditions  of  the  interested  roads. 


Addenda. 


Objects. 


The  objects  of  the  departments  are  uniformly  to  provide 
for  compulsory  retirement  from  service  at  65  or  70  years 
of  age,  with  anywhere  from  ten  to  thirty  years'  continuous 
service,  on  a  fixed  pension  allowance,  computed,  usually, 
at  one  per  centum  of  the  average  monthly  pay  for  the  ten 
vears  next  preceding  retirement,  for  each  year  of  service 
Involuntary  or  compulsory  retirement  takes  place  between 
ages  65  and  70,  and  voluntary  retirement,  growing  out  of 
incapacitation,  between  ages  61  and  69  years. 


Summary,  by  Groups,  of  Age  Limit  Provisions  by 
Railroads  in  the  United  States  conducting  Pension 
Departments. 


Group 


Number 

of 
Employes 


Entrance 

Age 
(Years) 


Voluntary 
Retirement 
Age  (Years) 


Involuntary 
Retirement 
Age  (Years) 


Group  "A' 

Group  "B' 
Group  "C 
Group  "D' 
Group  ''E' 
Group  "F" 
Group  "G' 


126,799 

46,378 
2,676 
4,454 

11,953 
228,040 

33,307 


35-45 
45 

35-45 
35-45 

35 

35 


61-69 

Under  65 
Under  60 
60-64 
65-69 
65-69 
60-69 


70 — Sedentary 

65 — Active 

65 

60 

65 

70 

70 

70 


Roads  covered  by  groups. 


The  distribution  of  railways  in  the  groups  just  named  is : 

Group  "A": 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad; 

Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad; 

Illinois  Central  Railroad; 

Oregon  Railroad  and  Navigation  Company; 

Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad; 

San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway; 

Southern  Pacific  (Pacific  System); 

Southern  Pacific  (Sunset  Route); 

Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Group  "B": 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 


10  Addenda. 

Group  "C": 

Bessemer  &  Lake   Erie  Railroad  (in  connection 
with  the  Andrew  Carnegie  Endowment  Fund). 

Group  "D": 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh  Railway. 
Group  "E": 

Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey. 
Group  "F": 

Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway; 

Pennsylvania  System  East  of  Pittsburgh; 

Pennsylvania  System  West  of  Pittsburgh; 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway. 

Group  "G": 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railway. 

Age  limit  exceptions.  Referring  to  Group  "F"  roads,  for  which  the  maximum 

age  limit  for  admission  to  the  service  is  given  as  35  years, 
it  may  be  stated  it  is  optional  with  the  board  of  officers 
of  the  interested  department  to  recommend  that  the  board 
of  directors  authorize  the  re-employment  of  former  em- 
ployes over  35  years  of  age  and  not  out  of  the  service  more 
than  three  years,  and  of  the  employment  of  persons  at  any 
age  where  the  service  for  which  they  are  needed  requires 
special  or  professional  qualifications. 

Financing.  A  prominent  characteristic  of  railway  pension  funds  in 

the  United  States  is,  that  the  undertaking  is  wholly  financed 
and  supported  by  the  railway  companies  concerned,  the 
beneficiaries  making  no  contribution  whatever  thereto. 
The  financial  demands  on  some  of  these  funds  are  met  by 
setting  aside  originally  a  certain  amount  as  an  investment, 
the  interest  accruing  therefrom  constituting  pension  or 
working  funds,  these  amounts  being  in  some  cases  supple- 
mented by  a  provision  for  a  further  maximum  appropria- 
tion when  necessary;  in  other  cases  the  railway  company 
simply  assumes  responsibility  for  a  maximum  annual 
disbursement. 


Addenda. 


11 


Number  of  pension  funds. 


Mileage  and  employes. 


Data  on  pension  undertakings  furnished  by  eighteen  (18) 
roads  in  the  United  States  show  sixteen  (16)  pension  funds 
in  operation,  and  two  (2)  practically  ready  for  introduction, 
while,  besides,  several  roads  announce  plans  either  under 
consideration  or  in  course  of  preparation. 

The  roads  reporting  pension  funds  embrace  upwards  of 
50,000  miles  of  railway,  or  about  twenty-four  (24)  per 
centum  of  the  total  railway  mileage  of  the  country,  and 
approximately  500,000  employes,  or  about  thirty-eight  (38) 
per  centum  of  the  total  number  of  employes  of  all  roads  in 
the  United  States. 


Disbursements,  etc. 


British  pension  plans. 


The  funds  represent  an  aggregate  annual  appropriation 
not  to  exceed  $1, 350, 000,  when  necessary  to  make  payment 
of  pension  allowances,  while  eight  (8)  of  the  roads  set  aside 
originally,  as  the  basis  of  pension  or  working  funds,  an 
amount  aggregating  about  $600,000.  Twelve  (12)  of  the 
roads  have  expended  since  organization,  to  the  close  of  1903, 
an  aggregate  of  $2,500,000,  and  the  roads  concerned  were 
carrying  on  their  pension  rolls  the  names  of  3,200  pensioners 
at  the  end  of  1903,  while  the  aggregate  mortality  among 
pensioners,  since  fund  organization,  numbered  1,150. 

As  a  rule,  pension  plans  in  Great  Britain  call  for  contri- 
butions by  the  employes,  and  membership  is  compulsory. 
Those  on  the  "wage"  list  only  are  affected  by  these  under- 
takings. Under  this  arrangement  there  is  entailed  refunds 
where  a  non-pensioned  member  dies,  or  where  a  member 
is  dismissed  or  leaves  the  service.  The  retirement  ages  are 
lower  than  with  the  American  roads,  but  the  service  period 
is  very  similar. 


United  States. 


Superannuation. 

Superannuation  provision  with  the  railways  of  the  United 
States  is  confined  exclusively  to  the  Lines  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania System  East  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  The  allowance 
grows  out  of  membership  in  the  Relief  Department,  and  is 
in    a    measure    an    additional    pension    allowance.     The 


12 


Addenda. 


Great  Britain. 


Formation. 


Financing. 


Retirement  age. 


Refunds. 


Commuting. 


"Relief  Fund  Surplus"  is  the  nucleus  of  the  provision, 
and  the  accrued  interest  on  this  "surplus"  is  the  basis  for 
calculating  allowances.  The  subject  is  presented  at  pages 
179  to  181,  both  inclusive,  of  report,  to  which  notice  is 
invited. 

From  a  transportation  point  of  view,  superannuation 
finds  its  fullest  and  highest  expression  and  observance  with 
the  English  railways.  In  Great  Britain  the  term  "super- 
annuation" is  distinguished  from  the  word  "pension,"  in 
that  the  English  superannuation  fund  has  for  its  member- 
ship the  "salaried  officers  and  in-door  staff,"  as  a  rule,  and, 
in  that  light,  embraces  only  such  employes  as  are  remuner- 
ated by  an  annual  salary,  in  contradistinction  to  weekly- 
wage  or  other  form  of  remuneration  than  annual  salary. 

Formation  of  superannuation  funds  in  Great  Britain  is 
usually  provided  by  Parliamentary  enactment  under  what 
are  styled  "General  Powers  Acts"  pertaining  to  interested 
railways. 

Financing  of  the  funds  is  on  uniform  lines,  consisting  for 
the  most  part  of  prescribed  membership  payments,  com- 
monly two  and  one-half  per  centum  on  salaries,  with  a 
corresponding  aggregate  subscription  by  the  railways,  with 
interest  on  surplus  placed  in  charge  of  the  railway  concerned, 
or  otherwise  invested. 

Retirement  takes  place  at  ages  60  to  65  years,  regularly, 
with  anywhere  from  ten  to  thirty  years'  service  or  member- 
ship; and  also  upon  permanent  incapacitation,  before 
reaching  those  ages,  with  ten  or  more  years'  service  or 
membership. 

Refunds,  on  a  common  basis,  are  provided  in  event  of 
death  either  previous  to  or  while  enjoying  superannuation 
benefits. 

Commutation  of  allowance  obtains,  on  the  basis  of  a 
payment  of  a  lump  sum  in  lieu  thereof. 

These  superannuation  funds  for  British  railways  will  be 
found  at  pages  183  to  210,  both  inclusive,  and  297  to  299, 
both  inclusive,  of  report,  and  your  attention  is  respectfully 
invited  to  those  pages. 


Addenda. 


13 


General  reportorial 
comment. 


These  "insurance  and  retirement"  undertakings  being 
the  particular  ones  for  consideration  at  this  convention, 
more  time  will  not  be  taken  up  in  detailing  the  various 
features  of  the  other  forms  of  provident  endeavor  offered 
in  reports.  They  are,  as  already  remarked,  important 
parts  of  the  whole  scheme  of  "railway  provident  endeavor," 
and  it  would  no  doubt  prove  highly  interesting  to  accord 
them  as  much  attention  in  session  as  possible.  It  will 
suffice  now,  for  practical  purposes,  to  merely  announce 
their  location  in  reports,  which  will  place  the  members  in 
position  to  raise  any  questions  that  may  suggest  them- 
selves : 


Undertaking 


Report  Page 


215 
233 
245 
253 
261 
267 


Hospital  Service 

Saving  Funds 

Co-operative  Stock  Scheme 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Railroad  Branches 

Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms 

Literary  Institutes 

Loan  Provision _ 275 

Public  or  Private  Provision 279 

Leave  Allowance 

Miscellaneous  Provision... 

Railroad  Orders  and  Brotherhoods 

Palace  or  Sleeping  Car  Companies - 

Express  Companies 

Railway  Mail  Service 

Welfare  Work 


301 
303 
311 
315 
317 
345 
351 


to  231 

"  243 

"  251 

"  260 

"  265 

"  273 

"  277 

"  300 

"  302 

"  308 

"  314 

"  316 

"  343 

"  349 

"  354 


both  inclusive 


Conclusion. 


The  movement  looking  to  the  improvement  of  the  mental, 
social,  and  spiritual  welfare  of  employes  generally,  and  the 
making  of  provision  for  their  physical  requirements  during 
disablement  from  sickness  or  accident,  incapacitation  from 
old  age,  and  for  their  dependents  and  designated  bene- 
ficiaries in  the  event  of  their  death,  is  now  firmly  rooted 
and  widespread  in  all  English-speaking  countries,  and  all 
these  elements  of  personal  betterment  have  become  highly 
important  matters  in  the  administration  and  operation  of 
the  more  prominent  railways.  In  many  instances,  in  the 
United  States,  roads  are  deeply  interested  in  "relief  depart- 


14  Addenda. 

merits''  and  "pension"'  undertakings,  and  are  deterred 
from  inaugurating  similar  plans  on  behalf  of  their  own 
employes  by  the  great  expense  entailed  in  their  conduct 
only. 

Harmonizing  of  pension  j^  does  not  seem  possible  to  harmonize  the  pension  plans 

adopted  in  English-speaking  countries,  for  the  reason  that 
the  undertakings  in  vogue  with  the  railways  in  countries 
other  than  the  United  States  involve  contributions  by 
employes  participating  in  the  benefits  extended,  while  in 
the  case  of  the  plans  conducted  by  the  railways  of  the 
United  States,  the  participating  employes  make  no  contri- 
bution whatever,  the  financing  of  the  funds  and  the  entire 
expenditure  for  retirement  allowances  being  borne  by  the 
roads  exclusively.  Moreover,  with  the  American  plans 
there  is  no  distinction  drawn  between  the  classes  or  grades 
of  employes  eligible  to  pension  allowances,  all  employes 
sharing  alike,  on  the  common  basis. 


Inauguration. 


Objects. 


B  een 


Audit  Committee. 


Secret  ary-Treasurer. 


Insurance. 
United  States. 

Fraternal  Society   of   the   American    Association    of   General 
Passenger  and  Ticket  Agents. 

The  organization  is  known  as  "The  Fraternal  Societv  of 
the  American  Association  of  General  Passenger  and  Ticket 
Agents,"  and  was  originally  inaugurated  in  October,  1901. 

Objects  of  the  society  are: 

a. — To  closely  unite  the  bonds  of  fraternal  relationship 

between  its  members. 
b. — To  establish  a  Death  Benefit  Fund,  from  which  on 
satisfactory  evidence  of  the  death  of  a  member 
who  has  complied  with  its  lawful  requirements, 
immediate  assistance  will  be  rendered  to  the 
family  of  the  deceased  by  the  payment  of  the 
sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  (SI, 000),  to  the 
beneficiary  who  has  been  so  designated  by  the 
member,  provided,  however,  that  the  amount 
to  be  paid  to  the  beneficiary  shall  not  in  any 
one  case  exceed  the  sum  equal  to  one  assessment 
for  each  and  every  surviving  member  of  the 
society. 

The  officers  are  a  President,  Vice- President,  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  who  are  the  Executive  Committee,  and  who  are 
the  President,  Vice-President,  and  Secretary  duly  elected 
annually  by  the  American  Association  of  General  Passenger 
and  Ticket  Agents. 

President  appoints  an  Audit  Committee,  consisting  of 
three  members,  who  audit  the  books  and  accounts  of  the 
Secretary-Treasurer,  presenting  their  written  report  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  American  Association  of  General 
Passenger  and  Ticket  Agents  for  the  previous  year. 

Keeps  correct  list  of  members  of  society,  with  their  places 
of  business  and  the  name  and  residence  of  each  beneficiary. 
(15) 


16 


Addenda. 


Membership. 


Application  for 
membership. 


Holdover  membership. 


Conducts  the  general  correspondence  of  society.  Receives 
all  moneys  due  the  society,  keeping  a  correct  account  of 
same,  also  all  payments.  At  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Association  of  General  Passenger  and  Ticket 
Agents  he  renders  a  report  to  President  of  Association  of 
all  moneys  received  and  paid  out  by  him  since  the  last 
annual  meeting,  submitting  at  the  same  time  his 
books  and  accounts  to  the  Audit  Committee  for  their 
annual  examination  and  approval.  He  deposits  the  funds 
of  the  Fraternal  Society  in  such  institution  as  may  be 
agreed  upon  with  the  President  and  Vice-President.  He 
is  bonded  in  a  surety  company  at  the  expense  of  the  society 
for  the  sum  of  $3,000. 

Following  named  are  eligible  to  membership: 

a. — All  active  and  honorary  members  of  the  American 
Association  of  General  Passenger  and  Ticket 
Agents. 
b. — Assistant  General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agents  of 
each  railway  corporation  and  transportation  line 
in  North  America,  issuing  and  receiving  coupon 
tickets,  who  have  an  active  membership  in  the 
American  Association  of  General  Passenger  and 
Ticket  Agents. 
c. — The  Commissioners  of  the  New  England  Passenger 
Association,  Trunk  Line  Passenger  Association, 
Central  Passenger  Association,  Western  Passen- 
ger Committee,  Trans-Continental  Passenger 
Committee,  Southwestern  Passenger  Committee, 
Southern  States  Passenger  Association,  and  the 
Commissioners  of  other  like  Passenger  Associa- 
tions in  America. 

All  applications  for  membership  are  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, accompanied  by  the  entrance  fee. 

Membership  in  the  Fraternal  Society  is  not  terminated 
by  the  withdrawal  of  a  member  from  the  railway  or  trans- 
portation business,  but  may  continue  while  the  dues  of 
the  member  are  paid. 


Addenda. 


17 


Beneficiary. 


Entrance  fee. 


Dues. 


Forfeiture  of  membership. 


Each  applicant  must  give  the  Secretary-Treasurer  the 
full  name  and  address  of  the  legal  beneficiary  to  whom  the 
death  benefit  amount  is  to  be  paid. 

Entrance  fee  for  the  society  is  $10.00,  and  the  fund 
resulting  from  such  payments  to  the  Secretary-Treasurer 
is  known  as  the  general  fund,  to  be  applied  to  the  death 
benefit  fund  and  for  the  payment  of  the  necessary  expenses 
of  the  society. 

Dues  are  fixed  at  $5.00,  and  are  assessed  on  each  member 
by  the  Secretary-Treasurer  on  the  death  of  a  member. 

Member  failing  to  pay  an  assessment  called  on  the  death 
of  a  member,  within  30  days,  forfeits  his  membership  and 
all  its  benefits  and  privileges.  He  may  be  reinstated  on 
approval  of  President,  Vice-President,  and  Secretary- 
General,  upon  paying  all  arrears  and  a  new  entrance  fee 
of  $5.00. 


Total  benefit  disbursements.         The    benefit    disbursements    from    organization    of    the 
society  to  the  end  of  March,  1905,  aggregated  $5,605. 


Number  of  members. 
Deaths. 


Membership  as  of  March  21,  1905,  was  217  members. 

Up  to  March,  1905,  the  society  had  been  in  existence 
about  three  and  one-half  years,  during  which  time  there 
were  six  deaths. 


Basis  of  library. 


Welfare  Work. 
Free  Traveling  Newspaper  Library. 

There  is  conducted  in  connection  with  the  Southern 
Pacific  Company  ("Sunset  Route"),  in  the  State  of  Texas, 
what  is  known  as  the  "Free  Traveling  Newspaper  Library." 
The  literary  bureau  of  the  Railroad  Company  receives  daily 
a  large  number  of  papers  from  all  parts  of  the  country. 
After  being  scanned  and  clipped  for  the  files  of  the  bureau, 


18 


Addenda. 


the  publications  still  contain  a  great  deal  of  good  reading 
matter.  These  papers,  which  formerly  went  into  the 
waste-basket,  formed  the  nucleus  for  the  Library.  The 
institution  has  supplemented  the  original  source  of  reading 
supply  by  becoming  the  recipients  of  voluntary  contri- 
butions from  newspaper  offices  direct,  including  packages 
of  their  exchanges,  also  of  magazines  from  interested 
persons. 


Distribution. 


Distribution  is  effected  by  distributers,  mostly  females 
(the  wives,  daughters,  or  sisters  of  the  railroad  employes), 
looked  up  and  reported  by  section  foremen,  and  who  per- 
form the  work  willingly  for  the  welfare  and  entertainment 
of  their  own  families  and  neighbors. 

On  a  designated  day  of  each  week,  beginning  with  one  of 
the  four  lines  of  the  Southern  Pacific  in  Texas,  the  Library 
sends  in  rotation  to  each  section,  so  that  every  two  weeks 
each  one  receives  a  package  of  papers. 


Australasia. 


Australasia. 


List  of  provident 
institutions. 


South  Australian  State  Railways. 

(1,736.25  miles;  3,567  employes;  as  of  June  30,  1904.) 

The   following    provident  institutions  are  conducted   in 
connection  with  the  Railways,  viz.: 

Life  Assurance. 

Public  Service  Superannuation  Fund. 

Public  Service  Provident  Fund. 

South  Australian  Railways  Hospital  Fund. 

These  institutions  will  be  treated  herein  in  the  foregoing 
order  of  presentation. 


Inauguration. 


Insurance. 
Life  Assurance. 

Life  Assurance  for  employes  was  started  in  1889. 


Addenda. 


19 


Object. 


The  object  is  to  secure  a  provision  upon  retirement  at 
age  60  for  the  employe,  or  for  his  family  in  the  event  of  his 
premature  death. 


General  conditions. 


By  regulation  of  January  1,  1889,  all  who  thereafter 
attained  the  age  of  21,  and  new  entrants — with  the  excep- 
tion of  engine-cleaners,  greasers,  pumpers,  coalmen,  mechan- 
ics, shop  laborers,  and  a  few  others — have  been  required 
to  assure  in  one  of  the  approved  societies,  the  latter  being 
informed  each  month  of  those  employes  required  to  assure, 
and  simultaneously  a  form  is  handed  to  the  employe  con- 
cerned. This  form  contains  a  recommendation  by  the 
district  officer,  a  declaration  by  the  employe  as  to  his  date 
of  birth  and  the  society  chosen,  the  certificate  of  the 
Comptroller  of  Accounts  that  insurance  is  complete,  and 
the  approval  of  the  Commissioner  for  the  permanent 
appointment.  Upon  the  acceptance  of  the  proponent  by 
the  society  the  premiums  are  thereafter  collected  half- 
yearly  by  the  Department  and  handed  over. 


Scale  of  insurance. 


Every  person,  before  confirmation  of  his  appointment 
to  any  permanent  office  or  employment  in  the  railway  ser- 
vice, is  required  to  effect  in  some  life  insurance  office 
carrying  on  business  in  South  Australia  and  approved  by 
the  Commissioners,  an  insurance  on  his  life,  providing  for 
the  payment  of  a  sum  of  money  at  his  death,  should  it 
occur  before  the  age  of  retirement  from  the  railway  sendee, 
or,  if  he  survives  until  that  age,  of  a  sum  of  money  or 
annuity  on  the  date  of  such  retirement,  upon  the  following 
scale,  that  is  to  say: 

The  amount  payable  at  death  or  retirement  shall  not  be 
less  than  the  amount  of  the  annual  salary  or  wages  of  the 
insured.  The  amount  of  any  annuity  is  such  as  the  premi- 
ums payable  upon  that  basis  will  purchase.  Every  such 
insurance  or  annuity  is  proportionately  increased  with 
every  additional  ,£50  received  as  yearly  salary  or  wages. 


20 


Addenda. 


Basis  of  computation  of 
insurance. 


The  amount  of  insurance  is  computed  as  follows 


Salary  or  Wages  per  Annum  Exclusive  of  Overtime 


Not  exceeding  £110 

Exceeding  £110  and  not  exceeding  £200. 


200 
300 
400 
500 
600 
700 
800 
900 


300.. 
400.. 
500.. 
600.. 
700.. 
800.. 
900.. 
1,000. 


Amount  op 

Insurance 


£100 
200 
300 
400 
500 
600 
700 
800 
900 

1,000 


Endowmentjinsurance  rates. 


All  insurances  are  at  the  rates  for  endowment  insurance 
at  60  years  of  age,  or  for  annuity  according  to  tables  of  the 
insurance  companies,  which  are  signed  by  the  accredited 
officer  of  the  board  of  management.  The  premiums  are 
payable  half-yearly  in  advance,  portions  of  a  half-year 
being  calculated  pro  rata,  but  the  first  premium  payable  to 
any  company  will  not  be  for  a  term  of  less  than  one  full 
quarter. 


Nature'of  contract. 


The  contract  once  entered  into  cannot  be  varied,  but  all 
succeeding  increases  are  to  be  made  with  the  same  company, 
without  further  examination,  at  the  rates  agreed  on  at  the 
original  contract,  increased  pro  rata  according  to  the  age 
of  the  assured  at  the  time  of  increased  insurance.  Where 
the  occupation  of  any  employe  is  varied  after  the  date  of 
the  original  contract,  involving  special  risk,  the  company 
in  which  the  insurance  is  effected  is  permitted  to  charge,  in 
addition  to  the  premiums,  any  special  rate  which,  under  the 
rules  of  such  office,  are  ordinarily  chargeable  therefor.  The 
employe,  as  a  condition  precedent  to  the  confirmation  of 
his  promotion,  lodges  such  additional  policy  as  required. 
All  policies  are  in  the  name  of  the  assured,  are  lodged  with 
the  South  Australian  Railway  Commissioners,  remain  in 
their  possession,  and  are  unassignable  either  at  law  or  in 
equity,  provided  that  the  amount  so  insured  shall  be  pay- 


Addenda. 


21 


able  to  the  employe  on  his  leaving  the  service  at  60  years  of 
age,  or  to  his  legal  representatives  within  three  months 
after  his  death,  should  he  die  before  attaining  the  age  of  60. 


Maximum  amount  of 
insurance. 


No  company  is  required  to  insure  the  life  of  any  officer 
or  servant  for  a  larger  sum  than  is  provided  in  regulations, 
but  any  additional  insurance  will  be  a  matter  of  contract 
between  the  assurer  and  the  assured,  and  the  policies  in 
such  cases  are  not  lodged  with  the  Commissioners  and  are 
not  in  anywise  subject  to  regulations. 


Record  and  statistics. 


A  record  of  all  insurance  made  in  pursuance  of  regula- 
tions is  kept  by  the  Comptroller  of  Railway  Accounts,  and 
shows  the  date  and  amount  of  the  original  insurance,  and 
of  each  successive  increase;  and  it  is  the  duty  of  said 
Comptroller  to  arrange  for  deducting  from  the  salary  or 
wages  of  the  assured,  in  accordance  with  prescribed  regula- 
tion, the  premiums  due  to  the  insurance  company  concerned 
to  the  end  of  each  calendar  half-year,  every  30th  June 
and  31st  December,  and  to  pay  the  same  to  said  company. 
It  is  a  condition  of  all  policies  that  in  case  of  omission  by 
said  Comptroller  to  pay  said  premiums,  the  policy  of 
insurance  will  not  lapse  till  the  expiration  of  one  month 
after  service  of  notice  of  such  omission  on  the  Comptroller, 
and  the  company  will  within  such  month  receive,  if  so 
required  to  do,  such  overdue  premium  without  interest  or 
fine. 


Resignation  or  dismissal. 


Any  employe,  on  resigning,  being  dismissed,  or  otherwise 
leaving  the  service  of  said  Commissoners,  has  delivered  to 
him  all  policies  in  his  name,  and  the  Commissioners  will  not 
thereafter  have  any  charge  of  the  policies  or  liability  in 
respect  of  the  half-yearly  premiums,  and  the  said  policies 
will  thereafter  cease  to  be  subject  to  regulations,  but  the 
said  Comptroller  of  Accounts  will  give  notice  to  the  insur- 
ance company  interested,  and  the  policies  will  not  be  other- 
wise affected  as  a  contract  between  the  insurer  and  the 
insured  so  long  as  the  premiums  thereon  are  paid  by  the 
insured. 


22 


Addenda. 


Premiums  payable  to 
approved  life  assurance 
societies. 


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Age 
Next 
Birth- 
day. 

HNCO-fiOONXOiO'HNM'tiO 

New  York 

Life 
Insurance 
Company 

13 

iO<NOOOOOO»OI^Ot-C100 
(ONOOOOOiOWPJ-fiONOOONtt1 

National 
Mutual  Life 
Association 

of 
Australasia, 

Limited 

13 

i— ioo>o-*corOTj<iot^.05^HcooiX»o 

Mutual  Life 
Insurance 
Company 

of 
New  York 

13 
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Equitable 

Life 

Assurance 

Society 

of  the 

United  States 

«0 

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Citizens' 

Life 
Assurance 
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Limited 

<*W3tONMOOHflf3iO©OOOSH 

Colonial 

Mutual  Life 

Assurance 

Society, 

Limited 

* 

13 

60 

OOOOMhhOOOIMNhOhh 

Australian 

Widows'  Fund 

Life 

Assurance 

Society, 

Limited 

13 

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■^lOCOlDNCOOiO^t'O^'ONaiO 

Australasian 
Temperance 
and  General 
Mutual  Life 
Assurance 
Society 

13 
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Australian 
Mutual 

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Age 
Next 
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Addenda. 


23 


Approved  insurance 
societies. 


Approved    societies   as   of   January    1,    1905,    in    which 
employes  could  insure  were  as  follows: 
Australian  Mutual  Provident  Society. 
Australasian   Temperance   and    General    Mutual    Life 

Assurance  Society,  Limited. 
Australian    Widows'    Fund    Life    Assurance    Society, 

Limited. 
Colonial  Mutual  Life  Assurance  Society,  Limited. 
Citizens'  Life  Assurance  Company,  Limited. 
Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society  of  the  United  States. 
Mutual  Life  Association  of  Australasia. 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York. 
National    Mutual    Life    Association    of    Australasia, 

Limited. 
New  York  Life  Insurance  Company. 
The  Public  Service  Superannuation  Fund. 


Inauguration. 


Superannuation. 

The  Public  Service  Superannuation  Fund : 

"The  Public  Service  Superannuation  Fund"  was  author- 
ized by  Act  of  Parliament  No.  790  of  1902,  and  the  Fund 
started  in  1903. 


Objects. 


The  Fund  aims  at  providing  an  annuity  during  incapacity 
for  a  year  or  more,  or  upon  retirement  at  ages  60  or  65, 
according  to  the  division  of  the  Fund;  a  pension  to  the 
widow  during  her  life,  or  to  the  children,  should  they  survive, 
until  the  youngest  reaches  18  years  of  age. 

The  annuity  varies  according  to  the  amount  subscribed 
(which  is  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  salary)  and  the 
number  of  years  of  membership,  calculated  by  a  professional 
actuary  outside  the  service. 

The  amount  of  subscription  is  moderated  so  that  the 
annuity  does  not  offer  too  great  an  inducement  to  retire- 
ment at  the  option  age,  but  rather  that  a  member  should 
subsequently  continue  in  active  employment  should  his 
health  permit. 


24 


Addenda. 


Fund  division. 


Division  A. 


Division  B. 


Administration. 


Financing. 


There  are  two  divisions  of  the  Fund,  namely,  Division  A, 
in  which  the  age  to  be  attained  to  entitle  a  subscriber  who 
has  an  effective  status  of  not  less  than  20  years  to  a  con- 
tinuing annuity  is  60  years;  and  Division  B,  in  which  such 
age  is  65  years  for  males,  and  for  females,  if  included  in 
this  division,  60  years. 

Division  A  includes: 

a. — Every  male  subscriber  engaged  in  physical  labor 
whose  employment  is  of  such  a  nature  as,  in  the 
option  of  the  Board,  may  probably  incapacitate 
him  for  continued  service  by  the  time  he  attains 
the  age  of  65  years. 

b. — Every  male  optional  subscriber  entering  the  Fund 
after  December  31,  1903,  who  at  the  time  of  entry 
is  liable  under  the  Departmental  regulations  to 
be  required  on  attaining  the  age  of  60  years  to 
retire  from  the  public  service  or  railway  ser- 
vice on  the  ground  of  age. 

c. — Every  male  foundation  subscriber,  not  within 
Sub-section  "a"  of  this  regulation,  who  may 
elect  to  enter  Division  A. 

Division  B  includes: 

Every  other  male  subscriber. 

The  Fund  is  administered  on  a  purely  mutual  principle 
by  a  Board,  styled  "The  Public  Service  Superannuation 
Fund  Board, "  consisting  of  seven  members,  three  of  whom 
are  appointed  by  the  Government  and  four  elected  by  the 
subscribers. 

The  Fund  is  financed  by  subscriptions  paid  by  subscribers 
and  by  moneys  received  for  the  purchase  of  status,  and  the 
interest  arising  from  the  investment  of  such  subscriptions 
and  moneys.  The  Fund  is  exempt  from  income  tax  and 
from  all  other  taxation  whatever.  The  Government  assists 
to  the  extent  of  guaranteeing  the  payment  of  annuities 
during  the  first  15  years,  of  collecting  the  subscriptions  each 
pay,  and  undertaking  the  clerical  work. 


Addenda. 


25 


Membership. 


Maximum  and  Minimum 
subscriptions. 

Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Employment  tenure. 


Membership  is  composed  of  all  persons  who  enter  the 
Public  Service,  and  who  being  males,  receive  remuneration 
at  the  rate  of  .£100  or  more  per  annum,  or  being  females, 
£75  or  more  per  annum,  excepting  any  person  now  in  or 
hereafter  entering  the  Railway  Service  or  the  Public  Service, 
or  now  capable  or  hereafter  becoming  capable  of  subscribing 
to  the  Public  School  Teachers'  Superannuation  Fund. 

The  maximum  and  minimum  subscriptions  are  as  follows: 


Males 

Females 

Pay 

Maximum 
Subscription 

Pay 

Maximum 
Subscription 

Not  exceedina; 
£200 

Each  full  £50 
above  the 
first  £200 

£16 

£5   up    to    £40, 
inclusive       of 
the  £16 

Not  exceedina; 
£150 

Each  full  £37 
above  the 
first  £150 

£12 

£3   up   to    £30, 
inclusive       of 
the  £12 

Provided  that  in  computing  the  maximum  amount  of 
subscription  of  any  person  who  shall  also  be  a  subscriber  to 
the  Public  School  Teachers'  Superannuation  Fund,  the 
amount  subscribed  by  such  person  to  that  Fund  shall  be 
included. 

The  minimum  annual  subscriptions  are,  for  males  £8, 
and  for  females  £6. 

Employment  in  any  branch  of  the  Public  Service  shall, 
for  the  purposes  of  the  Act,  be  deemed  to  be  of  a  permanent 
character  whenever  the  employment  is  not  for  a  defined 
term  or  continues  after  a  defined  term  has  expired  without 
a  fresh  defined  term  being  fixed,  and  the  person  employed 
does  not  exceed  the  age  of  32  years  at  the  time  of  entering 
into  receipt,  in  respect  of  such  undefined  term  of  employ- 
ment, of,  if  a  male,  £100  or  more  per  annum,  or,  if  a  female, 
£75  or  more  per  annum,  unless  either  the  Board  or  the 
Minister  controlling  the  department  in  which  the  person  is 
employed  shall  certify  on  the  prescribed  form  that  such 
employment  is  not  of  a  permanent  character;  the  opinion 
of  the  Board  and  of  such  Minister  that  the  employment  is  of 
a  permanent  character  is  expressed  on  a  designated  form. 


26 


Addenda. 


Collections. 


Cessation  of  payments. 


Duration  of  benefit. 


Retirement  at  60  or  65. 


Death  with  not  less  than 
five  years'  status. 


Death  of  both  parents. 


Dismissal  or  resignation 
from  service  before  five 
years'  status. 


Retirement  or  dismissal 
after  five  years'  status. 


Subscriptions  are  deducted  from  pay-sheets,  and  are 
distributed  evenly  over  the  year,  a  very  small  deduction 
of  equal  amount  being  made  from  each  pay-sheet. 

No  payment  of  subscription  is  required  while  the  sub- 
scriber is  incapable  of  earning  ordinary  pay. 

If  Superannuation  Board  be  of  opinion  that  incapacity 
for  work,  by  reason  of  ill  health  or  infirmity,  will  continue 
for  a  year,  the  subscriber  will  be  entitled  to  an  annuity  for 
a  year,  and  may  at  the  end  of  the  year  apply  for  another 
year's  annuity,  and  so  on  from  year  to  year  as  long  as,  in 
the  opinion  of  the  Board,  the  incapacity  lasts. 

When  he  retires  at  or  after  age  60  if  in  Division  A,  or  at 
or  after  65  if  in  Division  B,  of  the  Fund,  a  subscriber  will 
be  entitled  to  an  annuity  for  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

Upon  the  death  of  a  subscriber  who  has  not  less  than  five 
years'  status,  his  widow  will  be  entitled  to  an  annuity  for  her 
life.  The  fact  that  the  subscriber  himself  may  have  drawn 
an  annuity  on  breakdown  or  in  old  age  will  not  make  any 
difference  to  the  right  of  his  widow  to  an  annuity,  provided 
they  were  married  prior  to  his  retirement. 

If  both  parents  die,  and  the  father  had  a  status  of  five 
years  in  the  Fund,  his  children  will  be  entitled  to  an  annuity 
until  they  reach  18  years  of  age. 

If,  before  he  acquires  five  years'  status  on  the  Fund,  a 
subscriber,  through  resignation  or  dismissal  from  the  service, 
or  by  death,  ceases  to  be  a  subscriber,  the  full  amount  of  his 
subscriptions  will  be  repaid  out  of  the  Fund ;  and  if  he  has 
purchased  status  for  cash  the  cash  will  also  be  refunded  to 
him ;  and  if  he  has  purchased  status  by  installments  the 
installments  actually  paid  will  be  refunded,  less  the  amount 
required  to  satisfy  interest  and  cover  the  risk  of  non- 
payment. 

If,  after  having  acquired  five  years'  status,  a  subscriber 
in  good  health  retires  from  the  service  to  better  himself, 
or  is  dismissed,  he  will  be  repaid  the  full  amount  of  sub- 


Addenda. 


27 


scriptions  paid;  and  if  he  has  purchased  status  for  cash 
the  cash  also  will  be  refunded  to  him;  and  if  he  has  pur- 
chased status  by  installments  the  installments  actually  paid 
will  be  refunded,  less  the  amount  required  to  satisfy  interest 
and  cover  the  risk  of  non-payment;  but  if  the  subscriber 
is  not  in  good  health,  the  amount,  if  any,  to  be  refunded 
will  be  entirely  in  the  discretion  of  the  Board. 


Purchase  of  five  years' 
status  required. 


Railway  Regulation  No.  14  requires  the  purchase  of 
five  years'  status,  so  that  the  subscriber  may  be  eligible 
for  benefits  forthwith.  The  price  of  this  status  may  be  paid 
in  cash  in  a  lump  sum,  or  payment  may  be  spread  over 
twenty  years,  or  less,  by  installments  deducted  from  the 
pay-sheet  with  the  subscription,  the  installments  being 
computed  to  cover  interest  and  risk  of  non-payment  as  well 
as  the  purchase-money  itself. 


Status  acquirement  by 
probationer. 


A  railway  probationer  may,  prior  to  any  departmental 
requirement,  become  a  subscriber  to  the  Fund,  and  may 
either  purchase  status  at  once  or  defer  doing  so  until 
required  by  the  Department  on  the  confirmation  of  his 
appointment,  when  he  will  be  required  to  purchase  so  much 
status  only  as  will  make  up  the  five  years. 


Annuities  protected. 


All  annuities  are  absolutely  protected  against  creditors 
and  cannot  be  mortgaged. 


Fund  investment. 


The  Fund  is  vested  in  and  under  the  control  and  manage- 
ment of  the  Board,  who  may  invest  the  same  on  deposit 
with  the  Treasurer,  or  in  any  bank,  or  upon  first  mortgage 
of  the  fee-simple  of  land  in  South  Australia,  or  upon  Govern- 
ment securities  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia,  or  of 
any  State  of  the  said  Commonwealth,  or  upon  securities 
guaranteed  by  the  Government  of  said  Commonwealth  or  of 
any  such  State,  or  upon  the  securities  of  any  municipal 
corporation  in  South  Australia,  or  upon  any  other  securities 
authorized  by  law  for  the  investment  of  trust  funds.  The 
invested  funds  amounted  to  .£22,000  at  the  end  of  1904. 


28 


Addenda. 


Annual  report. 


In  the  month  of  March  in  every  year  a  report  on  the 
condition,  investments,  and  affairs  of  the  Fund  and  its 
administration  during  the  year  ending  on  the  thirty-first 
day  of  December  next  preceding,  is  prepared  and  laid  before 
the  Governor  of  the  Board,  and  published  in  the  "Govern- 
ment Gazette." 


Audit  of  accounts. 


The  accounts  relating  to  the  Fund  are  once  at  least  in 
every  year  audited  by  the  Commissioner  of  Audit. 


Quinquennial  investigation.  j    As  soon  as  conveniently  may  be  after  December  31, 

1907,  and  at  the  end  of  every  subsequent  period  of  five 
years,  the  affairs  of  the  Fund  will  be  investigated  and 
reported  upon  by  an  actuary,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Board 
and  approved  by  the  Governor,  and  the  report  of  such 
actuary  will  be  laid  before  the  Governor  by  the  Board. 

2.  After  every  such  actuarial  investigation  the  rates  of 
subscriptions  or  scales  of  benefits,  or  both,  will  be  reviewed, 
and  will  be  altered  if  in  the  opinion  of  the  Board  alteration 
may  be  necessary  to  insure: 

a. — The  actuarial  soundness  of  the  Fund. 
b. — The  fullest  benefits  to  subscribers  consistent  with 
such  soundness. 


Number  of  members. 


At  the  close  of  1904  the  Fund  had  a  membership  of  575. 


Provident  Fund. 
The  Public  Service  Provident  Fund. 


Inauguration. 


There  is  conducted  in  connection  with  the  South  Aus- 
tralian State  Railways  what  is  styled  "The  Public  Service 
Provident  Fund,"  started  in  1893. 


Nature  of  Fund. 


The  Fund  is  voluntary  and  unofficial,  and  open  to  all 
grades  of  the  State  Civil  Service. 


Addenda. 


29 


Levies. 


Beneficiary. 


An  uniform  levy  is  made  on  members  when  one  of  their 
number  dies,  the  amount  of  such  levy  being  determined 
by  the  sum  to  be  raised,  which  varies  from  £75  to  £100, 
according  to  the  age  of  the  deceased  member  at  the  time 
he  joined.  The  levies  have  aggregated  to  about  one  pound 
per  member  per  annum. 

The  amount  of  the  levy  is  handed  over  to  the  family  or 
nominee. 


Inauguration. 


Objects. 


Levy. 


Disposition  of  levy- 


Hospital  Service. 

The  South  Australian  Railways  Hospital  Fund. 

The  South  Australian  Railways  Hospital  Fund  was 
started  in  1903. 

The  Fund  provides  treatment  at  hospitals  free  of  cost  to 
the  subscribers. 

The  Department  collects  an  annual  levy  of  one  quarter 
day's  pay  from  members  and  hands  it  over  to  the  executive 
of  the  Fund. 

The  amount  collected  is  divided  among  approved  hos- 
pitals in  proportion  to  the  number  of  members  who  have 
been  patients,  a  minimum  payment  of  fifteen  shillings  per 
week  per  patient  being  guaranteed. 


Asia. 

Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms. 


Inauguration. 


British  India. 

(2,682.95  miles;  50,718  employes.) 

Great  Indian  Peninsula  Railway. 

Libraries. 

Libraries  were  established  at  the  various  stations  at 
different  times  as  the  necessity  for  them  arose.  The 
earliest  was  established  at  Bhusawal  in  1866.  A  Central 
Library  in  Bombay  was  opened  in  1893. 


30 


Addenda. 


Location  and  number 
volumes. 


Character  of  literature. 


Maintenance. 


Annual  distribution. 


Libraries  are  located  as  follows,  with  volumes  carried 
as  indicated,  viz.: 


Location 


Number  of 

Volumes 


Mahoba _ 

Sohagpur. _ 

Harda 

Byculla 

Igatpuri... 

Bhusawal.. 

Manmad..... 

Jhansi _ 

Sholapur 

Lonavla _. 

Dhond 

Bina 

Shahabad ...  _ 

Central  Circulating  Library,  Bombay 

Total _ _ _. 


500 
242 
200 
2,300 
1,740 
620 
196 
842 

L060 

1,100 

681 

451 

8,445 


18,377 


Other  station  Institutes  obtain  books  from  the  Central 
Library,  Bombay,  by  paying  a  fixed  subscription. 

Character  of  literature  is  miscellaneous,  embracing 
Fiction,  Biography,  Travels,  Poetry,  Scientific  Works,  and 
other  works  of  general  interest.  New  books  are  purchased 
by  the  Central  Library,  Bombay,  from  time  to  time  as 
they  appear. 

Central  Library,  Bombay,  received  a  grant  of  ,£1,400 
from  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  sum  was  expended  on 
books,  furniture,  and  fittings.  The  Library  is  maintained 
by  membership  subscriptions,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Librarian  and  his  assistant  who  are  paid  by  the  Company. 
The  libraries  at  stations  on  the  line,  all  of  which  are  attached 
to  the  Railway  Institutes,  are  supported  by  membership 
subscriptions. 

The  average  number  of  books  distributed  yearly  by  the 
various  up-country  libraries  is  about  15,000,  and  by  the 
Central  Library,  Bombay,  about  17,000,  or  a  total  annual 
distribution  of  about  32,000  volumes. 


Addenda. 


31 


Management. 


Libraries  at  up-country  stations  are  managed  by  the 
Institute  Committee,  which  comprises  the  chief  resident 
railway  officers  at  the  station. 

Central  Library,  Bombay,  is  managed  by  a  committee 
of  four  chief  officers  of  the  Company  and  an  Honorary 
Secretary. 

Minutes  of  meetings  are  recorded  but  not  circulated. 


Accounting. 


Half-yearly  statements  of  accounts,  except  for  the 
Central  Library,  are  submitted  to  the  Agent  and  Chief 
Auditor  of  the  Company  in  Bombay  in  connection  with 
each  Railway  Institute,  including  the  Library.  They  are 
all  in  the  same  form. 

Books  showing  subscriptions  received  from  members, 
with  details  of  expenditure,  are  posted  and  kept  up  month 
by  month,  being  audited  every  half-year  by  one  of  the 
Company's  Travelling  Audit  Inspectors.  The  system  of 
bookkeeping  is  single-entry. 


Reading-Rooms. 


Location. 


Reading-rooms  are  provided  at  stations  where  there  are 
Railway  Institutes,  and  in  connection  therewith,  such 
rooms  being  located  at  the  following  stations  on  the  line, 
viz.:  Nagpur,  Mahoba,  Sohagpur,  Harda,  Byculla,  Igatpuri, 
Parel,  Bhusawal,  Manmad,  also  a  large  and  comfortably 
furnished  reading-room  at  Central  Library,  Bombay,  which 
is  located  in  the  General  Administration  Offices  at  Victoria 
Terminus;  and  this  room  is  thrown  open  on  mail  days  to 
passengers  arriving  at  or  leaving  Bombay,  the  table  being 
supplied  with  all  the  latest  papers  and  periodicals. 


Clientage. 


The  rooms  are  patronized  by  all  classes  who  are  members 
of  the  Institute  in  Central  Library. 


Maintenance. 


Maintained  from  Institute  funds,  except  in  the  case  of 
the  Central  Library,  Bombay,  which  is  supported  by  sub- 
scriptions. 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX 

OF 

Railroad,  Express,  and  Sleeping  Car  Companies 


NAME 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


A.— Railroad  Companies 

ANN  ARBOR  RAILROAD  COMPANY UNITED  STATES 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  A  SANTA   FE  RY.  CO.  (Coast  Lines) .  . 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &.    SANTA  FE  RY.  CO.  (Proper) 

ATLANTA,  KNOXVILLE  A   NORTHERN  RAILWAY  CO 

ATLANTIC  COAST  LINE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 


WALES . . 
IRELAND 


BALTIMORE  A  OHIO  RAILROAD  COMPANY UNITED  STATES. 

BALTIMORE   &   OHIO   RAILROAD  SYSTEM 

BALTIMORE  A   OHIO  SOUTHWESTERN  RAILROAD   CO.. 
BALTIMORE,  CHESAPEAKE   &   ATLANTIC   RAILWAY  CO 

BANGOR   A  AROOSTOOK  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

BARRY  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

BELFAST  A  COUNTY  DOWN  RAILWAY   COMPANY 

BELFAST  A  NORTHERN  COUNTIES  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

BENGAL-NAGPUR  RAILWAY  COMPANY,   LIMITED 

BESSEMER   A   LAKE  ERIE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

BIRKENHEAD   PARK  STATION    JOINT  COMMITTEE 

BOSTON   A  ALBANY  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

BOSTON   A   MAINE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

BRECON  A   MERTHYR  TYDFIL  JUNCTION  RAILWAY  CO.. 

BUFFALO,  ROCHESTER  A   PITTSBURGH  RAILWAY  CO UNITED  STATES. 


ASIA 

UNITED  STATES. 

ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 

ENGLAND 


BURMA  RAILWAYS  COMPANY,  LIMITED 

BUTTE,  ANACONDA  A   PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 


CALEDONIAN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

CAMBRIAN   RAILWAYS-. 

CANADIAN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 


ASIA 

UNITED  STATES, 


SCOTLAND. 

WALES 

CANADA.... 


12,  25 

217,  218,257 

/217.  218,  257,  259, 
I      262 

257 

12,34,  132,  217 

(14,31,40,217,233, 
<    257,259,261,262, 

I    356 
12,  40,  133,  233,  275 

14,  48,  49 

14 

12,  17 

298 

298,  308 

296,  308 

119 

f  12,    30,    135,    217, 
I      257,  279 

299 

12,  135,  257 

12,  78,  217,  257,  259 

298 

12,  135,  257,  259 

119,  301 

217 


296,  298,  308 
296.  298 
5,  12,  149 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX— Continued. 


NAME 

COUNTRY 

PAGE 

CAPE  GOVERNMENT  RAILWAYS 

AFRICA 

123,  178 

CARLISLE  CITADEL  STATION   JOINT  COMMITTEE 

ENGLAND 

299 

CENTRAL  RAILROAD  COMPANY  OF  NEW  JERSEY 

UNITED  STATES. 

12, 136 

CENTRAL  SOUTH  AFRICAN  RAILWAYS 

AFRICA 

123,  210,  229,271 

CHESAPEAKE  &  OHIO  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

UNITED  STATES. 

217,  257,259 

CHESHIRE  LINES  RAILWAY  JOINT  COMMITTEE 

ENGLAND 

299 

CHICAGO  &  ALTON  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

UNITED  STATES. 

12,  14,  17 

CHICAGO  &  EASTERN  ILLINOIS  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

' 

12,  18,  257,  259 

CHICAGO  &  NORTHWESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

< 

12,  79,  136,  257 

CHICAGO  &  WESTERN   INDIANA  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

' 

257,  259 

CHICAGO,   BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY  RAILWAY  COMPANY... 

' 

12,  50 

CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND  &   PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY.. 

' 

258 

CINCINNATI   &  MUSKINGUM  VALLEY  RAILROAD   COMPANY- 

' 

61,  142 

CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  <&,    DAYTON  RAILWAY  COMPANY.. 

• 

12,  28,  217,  258 

CINCINNATI,  LEBANON  &  NORTHERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

' 

61,  142 

CINCINNATI,  NEW  ORLEANS  &  TEXAS  PACIFIC  RY.  CO 

' 

12,  20 

CLEATOR   &  WORKINGTON  JUNC.   RAILWAY    COMPANY.... 

ENGLAND 

298 

CLEVELAND,  AKRON  &  COLUMBUS  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

UNITED  STATES. 

65 

CLEVELAND,  CINCINNATI,  CHICAGO  &  ST.  LOUIS  RY.  CO..  .  . 

" 

258,  259 

CLEVELAND,  CIN.,  COLUMBUS   &   INDIANAP.  R.  R.  CO 

» 

253 

CLEVELAND  TERMINAL  &  VALLEY  RAILROAD  COMPANY.. 

" 

12,  14,  48,  49,  54 

CORK,  BANDON  &  SOUTH  COAST  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

IRELAND  

296 

CUMBERLAND  VALLEY  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

UNITED  STATES. 

12,  14,80 

DELAWARE  4,   HUDSON  COMPANY 

UNITED  STATES. 

258 

DELAWARE,  LACKAWANNA  &  WESTERN  RAILROAD  CO 

(12,    137,   217,   258, 
1       259,  262,  281 

DENVER  &  RIO  GRANDE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

ENGLAND 

217,  258,  259 

DOVER  &  DEAL  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

299 

DUBLIN,  WICKLOW  &  WEXFORD  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

IRELAND 

296,  298,  308 

DULUTH  &   IRON  RANGE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

UNITED  STATES. 

217 

DULUTH,  MISSABE  &  NORTHERN    RAILWAY  COMPANY.... 

217,  258,  259 

DULUTH,  WATERTOWN  &  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

" 

247 

DUMBARTON  AND  BALLOCH   JOINT  COMMITTEE 

SCOTLAND 

299 

DUNDEE  AND  ARBROATH  JOINT  COMMITTEE 

299 

EAST  &  WEST  JUNCTION  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

ENGLAND 

ASIA 

296 

EASTERN  BENGAL  STATE  RAILWAY  SYSTEM 

119,  177,  226,  265 

EASTERN   RAILWAY    COMPANY  OF   MINNESOTA 

UNITED  STATES. 

247 

ALPHABETICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


NAME 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


EAST  INDIAN    RAILWAY  COMPANY 

EAST  LONDON  JOINT  COMMITTEE 

EL  PASO  &   NORTHEASTERN   RAILWAY  SYSTEM 
ERIE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 


FURNESS  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 


GEORGIA   RAILROAD  COMPANY 

GILA  VALLEY,  GLOBE   &    NORTHERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 
GLASGOW  &   SOUTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 


GLASGOW,  BARRHEAD  &  KILMARNOCK  AND  GLASGOW   & 
PAISLEY   RAILWAYS  JOINT  COMMITTEE 


GRAND  RAPIDS  &   INDIANA  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

GRAND  TRUNK  RAILWAY  SYSTEM 

GREAT  CENTRAL  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

GREAT  EASTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

GREAT  INDIAN   PENINSULA  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

GREAT  NORTHERN   RAILWAY  COMPANY 

GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

GREAT  NORTHERN   RAILWAY  COMPANY 

GREAT  NORTH  OF  SCOTLAND  RAILWAY  COMPANY.  .  . 
GREAT  SOUTHERN   &   WESTERN   RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

GREAT  WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

GULF.  COLORADO  &  SANTA  FE  RAILWAY  COMPANY.. 


HAMMERSMITH   AND  CITY   RAILWAY  JOINT  COMMITTEE.. 

HIGHLAND  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

HOUSTON  &  TEXAS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

HULL,   BARNSLEY  &  WEST   RIDING  JCT.  RY.  &    DOCK  CO 


ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

INDIANAPOLIS  UNION  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

INTERCOLONIAL  RAILWAY  OF  CANADA 

INTERNATIONAL  &   GREAT  NORTHERN  RAILROAD  CO 

INTEROCEANIC   RAILWAY  OF  MEXICO 

IRISH   RAILWAYS   LONDON   OFFICE  COMMITTEE 

ISLE  OF  MAN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 


ASIA 

ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 


ENGLAND. 


UNITED  STATES. 


SCOTLAND. 


UNITED  STATES 

CANADA 

ENGLAND 


ASIA 

ENGLAND 

IRELAND 

UNITED  STATES 

SCOTLAND 

IRELAND 

ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 


ENGLAND 

SCOTLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 


ENGLAND 97,   298 


UNITED  STATES 


CANADA 

UNITED  STATES. 

MEXICO 

ENGLAND 

ISLE  OF  MAN  ... 


120,  227,  241 
299 

217 
217 

89,  185,  263,  298 

282 
217 
296,   298,  308 

299,  308 

60, 142 

5,   12,  82,   182 

(90,    150,    186,    223, 
\     238,  264,  284,  298 
f  92,    153,    186,   238, 
I      267,  303,  308 
1 20, 228 

/95,    187,    238,   267, 
I      298,  308 
298 

245,  249 

296,   298 

296,   298 

J96,  156,  190,  223, 
I  238,  267,  298.  308 
217,258 


299 

296,   298 

12,  138,  258,  259 


{      248,   258,   259 
217 

5,    12,    14,  85,    150 

217,258 

5,   221 

299 

296 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


NAME 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


KANSAS  CITY  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

LAKE  SHORE  &  MICHIGAN  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

LANCASHIRE  &  YORKSHIRE    RAILWAY  COMPANY 

LANCASHIRE,  DERBYSHIRE  &   EAST  COAST  RAILWAY 

LEHIGH  VALLEY  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

LIVERPOOL  &   MANCHESTER  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

LONDON  &  NORTH  WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

LONDON  &  NORTH  WESTERN  AND  GREAT  WESTERN  JOINT} 
RAILWAY    COMMITTEE > 

LONDON  &  SOUTH  WESTERN   RAILWAY  COMPANY 

LONDON,  BRIGHTON  &  SOUTH  COAST  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

LONDON,  CHATHAM  &   DOVER  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

LONDON,  TILBURY  &  SOUTH  END  RAILWAY  COMPANY.... 

LONG  ISLAND  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

MACCLESFIELD  RAILWAY  JOINT  COMMITTEE 

MAINE  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

MANCHESTER    &   MILFORD    RAILWAY  COMPANY 

MANCHESTER,  SOUTH  JC.  &  ALTRINCHAM  RAILWAY  CO.  . 

MARYPORT  &  CARLISLE   RAILWAY  CO 

MERSEY  RAILWAY   COMPANY 

METROPOLITAN    AND    METROPOLITAN     DISTRICT   (CITY  I 
LINES)  JOINT  COMMITTEE ) 

METROPOLITAN  DISTRICT  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

METROPOLITAN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

MEXICAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

MEXICAN   INTERNATIONAL   RAILWAY  COMPANY 

MIDLAND      &      GREAT       NORTHERN       JOINT       RAILWAY) 
COMMITTEE > 

MIDLAND  &  SOUTH  WESTERN  JUNCTION  RAILWAY  CO..  .  . 

MIDLAND  GREAT  WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

MIDLAND  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

MISSOURI,  KANSAS  &  TEXAS  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

MISSOURI   PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

MONTANA    CENTRAL    RAILWAY   COMPANY 


UNITED  STATES.    217 


UNITED  STATES 
ENGLAND 


UNITED  STATES 
ENGLAND 


UNITED  STATES. 


217 

(97,   195,   239,   267, 
t      298, 308 

195, 298 
12,  55 

355 
101,   160,  197,  224, 
239.264,267,268, 
277.  285,  298,  304 

299 

f  173,  200,  240,  298, 
I     308 

296,  298,  308 

298 

296,  298 

12,  14,  57,  258,  259 


ENGLAND 299 

UNITED  STATES.    12,  80,  258,  259 

ENGLAND 308 

298 


MEXICO. 


298 
299 

299 

299,  308 
296,  299,  308 
5,  221,  260,  262 
5,  221 ,  263 


ENGLAND 299 

296 


IRELAND 

ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 


296, 299,  308 

(110,  202,  267,  299, 
1      308 

217,  258,  259 

(217,  218,  258,  259, 
I      261,262 

247 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


NAME 


COUNTRY 


NATAL  GOVERNMENT  RAILWAYS AFRICA 

NATIONAL   LINES  OF  MEXICO MEXICO 

NATIONAL  RAILROAD  COMPANY  OF   MEXICO [  

NEATH   &.   BRECON  RAILWAY  COMPANY |   ENGLAND 

NEW  ORLEANS  &   NORTHEASTERN  RAILROAD  COMPANY  .  .     UNITED  STATES. 

NEWPORT  &  CINCINNATI   BRIDGE  CO 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  GOVERNMENT  RAILWAYS |  AUSTRALASIA  . .  . 

NEW  YORK  CENTRAL  &   HUDSON  RIVER   RAILROAD  CO....     UNITED  STATES. 
NEW  YORK,  NEW  HAVEN   &    HARTFORD   RAILROAD  CO.. 
NEW  YORK,  ONTARIO  &  WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY  . 
NORFOLK  &  WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 


NORTH   &   SOUTH   WESTERN    JUNCTION  RAILWAY  JOINT! 
COMMITTEE > 

NORTH  BRITISH  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

NORTH  EASTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

NORTHERN  CENTRAL  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

NORTHERN  COUNTIES  COMMITTEE  (MIDLAND  RAILWAY).  . 

NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

NORTH  LONDON  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

NORTH  SHORE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

NORTH  STAFFORDSHIRE  RAILWAY  COMPANY 


OAHU  RAILWAY  &   LAND  COMPANY 

OLDHAM,  ASHTON  &  GUIDE   BRIDGE  JUNCTION  RAILWAY) 
JOINT  COMMITTEE > 

OREGON  RAILROAD  &  NAVIGATION  COMPANY 

OREGON  SHORT  LINE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

OUDH  &  ROHILKHAND  RAILWAY  COMPANY 


PANAMA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

PENNSYLVANIA  COMPANY 

PENNSYLVANIA  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 
PENNSYLVANIA  RAILROAD  SYSTEM.. 


PERTH   GENERAL   STATION   JOINT  COMMITTEE 

PHILADELPHIA  &   CAMDEN   FERRY  COMPANY 

PHILADELPHIA  &.  READING  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

PHILADELPHIA,   BALTIMORE  &   WASHINGTON  R.  R.  CO. 


ENGLAND 

SCOTLAND 

ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 

ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 

ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 
ENGLAND 


PAGE 


HAWAII 

ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES 


ASIA. 


PANAMA 

UNITED  STATES. 


ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES 


M24,  211,  230,  241. 

5,  221 ,  260,  263 

5.  221.  222 

296 

258 

61 

178,  213,  273 

f 12.    140,   263,   268, 
I      259,  261,  262 

258,  259 

258,   259 

12,  22,  217,  258,  259, 

299 

f  112,  176,  205.  240, 
1      267 

f  116,  176.  208,   240, 
t      267,  308 

60. 142 

299 

217 

296,  299,  308 

217 

296,  299,  308 


223 

299 

12,  140.217 
12,  141,  217 
121.177.229 

222.  263 

60.  142  235 

1,  31,  60,  81.  142, 

179,218,233,254. 

257,  261.  262,  282 

12,  14,  60,81,  141, 

179,218,233,254, 

268,  260,  261 ,  356 

299 

14,  142 

f  12,    72,    146.    218, 
\      258,  259 

60, 142 


ALPHABETICAL    INDEX— Continued. 


NAME 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


PITTSBURGH  A  LAKE  ERIE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

PITTSBURGH,  CINCINNATI.  CHICAGO  &  ST.  LOUIS  RY.  CO. 

PLANT  SYSTEM 

PORTLAND  &  RUMFORD  FALLS  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

PORTPATRICK  AND  WIGTOWNSHIRE  JOINT  COMMITTEE.. 

OUINCY,  OMAHA  &  KANSAS  CITY  RAILROAD  COMPANY 


RAILWAY  CLEARING   COMMITTEE 

RAILWAY  CLEARING   COMMITTEE 

RAILWAY  COMPANIES   ASSOCIATION 

RHONDDA  &  SWANSEA  BAY  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

RHYMNEY  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

RIO  GRANDE,  SIERRA  MADRE  &  PACIFIC  RAILROAD  CO 


UNITED  STATES 


ENGLAND. 


ST.  JOSEPH  &  GRAND  ISLAND  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

ST.  LOUIS  &  SAN  FRANCISCO  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

ST.  LOUIS  SOUTHWESTERN  RAILWAY  SYSTEM 

SAN  ANTONIO  &  ARANSAS  PASS  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

SHEFFIELD  &    MIDLAND    RAILWAY  JOINT  COMMITTEE. 
SOMERSET  &   DORSET  RAILWAY  JOINT  COMMITTEE... 


SOUTH    EASTERN    AND    LONDON,    CHATHAM     &    DOVER  1 
(DOVER   &   DEAL  RAILWAY)   JOINT  COMMITTEE » 

SOUTH    EASTERN    AND     LONDON,    CHATHAM    &     DOVER  1 
RAILWAYS    MANAGING    COMMITTEE > 

SOUTH  EASTERN  &  CHATHAM  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

SOUTH  EASTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA    RAILWAY  COMPANY 

SOUTHERN  MAHRATTA  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  COMPANY  (PACIFIC  SYSTEM) 

SOUTHERN   PACIFIC  COMPANY  (SUNSET  ROUTE) 

SOUTHERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY 


TAFF  VALE  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

TASMANIAN  GOVERNMENT  RAILWAYS 

TERRE  HAUTE  &.   LOGANSPORT  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 
TEXAS  &  NEW  ORLEANS  RAILROAD  COMPANY 


UNITED  STATES. 

ENGLAND 

IRELAND 

ENGLAND 

WALES 

UNITED  STATES. 
UNITED  STATES. 


ENGLAND. 


UNITED  STATES 

ASIA 

UNITED  STATES 


WALES 

AUSTRALASIA. 
UNITED  STATES 


258,  259 

60,142 

34 

12,24 

299 

12,  14,82,  218 

298 

299 

299 

299 

296,  299 

218 


218 

218,  258,  259 

218.  258,  259 

12,  147,  218 

299 

299 

299 

299 

296 
299 
218 

121, 271 

J 12,    147,   215,   218, 
1      258 

(12,    147,   218,   258, 
I      259 

218,  258,  259 


116,  176,  240,  299 
1 26,  300,  302 
61,  142 
148 


, 


ALPHABETICAL    INDEX— Continued. 


NAME 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


TEXAS  <L   PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

TEXAS  CENTRAL   RAILROAD  COMPANY 

TEXAS  MIDLAND  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

TOLEDO.  ST.  LOUIS  &  WESTERN  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 


UGANDA  (MOMBASA-VICTORIA)  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

UNION  PACIFIC  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

UNION  RAILROAD  COMPANY 


VANDERBILT  SYSTEM. 


STATES.    12,  24,  218.  258 
218 
218 
218 

AFRICA 231,  265 

UNITED  STATES.    12,  25.  149 
281 


UNITED  STATES. 


140 


WABASH  RAILROAD  COMPANY UNITED  STATES.  218,  258,  259 

I 

WATERFORD,  LIMERICK  &  WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY.  .     IRELAND 308 

WAYNESBURG  <t  WASHINGTON  RAILROAD  COMPANY UNITED  STATES.  61,  142 


WEST  JERSEY  &  SEASHORE  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

WEST   LONDON   EXTENSION   RAILWAY  JOINT  COMMITTEE 

WHEELING  TERMINAL  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

WHITECHAPEL   &    BOW   RAILWAY  JOINT  COMMITTEE 

WILLMAR   &   SIOUX   FALLS  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

WISCONSIN  CENTRAL  RAILWAY  COMPANY 


B.— Express    Companies 

ADAMS  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

AMERICAN  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

CANADIAN  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

DENVER   &  RIO  GRANDE  EXPRESS  COMPANY... 

DOMINION  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

GREAT  NORTHERN  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

LONG  ISLAND    EXPRESS  COMPANY 

NATIONAL  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

NORTHERN  PACIFIC  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

PACIFIC  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

SOUTHERN  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

UNITED  STATES  EXPRESS  COMPANY 


60. 142 

ENGLAND 299 

UNITED  STATES.    61,  142 


ENGLAND 

UNITED  STATES. 


UNITED  STATES 


CANADA 

UNITED  STATES. 

CANADA 

UNITED  STATES 


299 
247 
268 


J318,  337,  338,342, 

I     343 

J  31 8,  327,  337,338, 

t     342 

318,  335,  337 

317 

318,  337,  342 

317 

317 

318 

317 

318,327,  332,337 

318,  327,  337.  340 

318.  328,337 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


NAME 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


WELLS    FARGO  &  COMPANY  EXPRESS 

WESTERN  EXPRESS  COMPANY 

WEST  JERSEY  EXPRESS  COMPANY. . . . 


C— Sleeping  Car  Companies 

PULLMAN  COMPANY 

PULLMAN  PALACE  CAR  COMPANY 

WAGNER  PALACE  CAR  COMPANY 


UNITED  STATES. 


UNITED  STATES 


(318,  335,  337,340, 
1     343 

318,  332 
317 


315,316 

315 

315 


TOPICAL    INDEX 

Presenting,  for  Convenience  of  Reference,  certain  Auxiliary 
Features  not  embraced  in  General  Indices 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Accrington   and    District   Goods   Guards     and) 
Shunters'  Friendly  Society ) 

Adams  Express  Company  Employes'  Benefit  As- 
sociation of  New  York  City 

African  Railway,  First 

Amalgamated  Society  of  Railway  Servants  of 
England,  Ireland,  Scotland  and  Wales. 

Ambulance  Association 

Ambulance  Class 

Andrew  Carnegie  Relief  Fund 

Application  for   Insurance  (Chicago  &  Eastern) 
Illinois  Railroad),  Form  of ) 

Associated    Society    of    Locomotive    Engineers) 
and  Firemen j 

Association  of  Railway  Enginemen  and  Firemen") 
Inchicore  Friendly  Society j 

Athletic  Club  (Crewe),  London  &  North  Western") 
Railway ) 

Athletic  Club  (London),  London  &  North  West-} 
ern  Railway J 

Average  span  of  life  in  United  Kingdom 

IB 

Back  payments,  Nature  of 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Circulating  Library 

Beaver  Falls  Mills 

Belfast    &    County    Down    Railway    Servants'") 
Provident  Society j 


England 

United  States 

Africa 

England 

u 

United  States 
England 

u 
a 

u 

Great  Britain. 

England 

United  States 

u 

Ireland 


308 

324 
241 
311 

293 

225,  306 
30,  135,  279 

19 
312 
308 
305 

304 
106 


154 

261,  262 
281 

308 


TOPICAL    INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


Belfast  &  Northern  Counties  Railway  Provident 
Society 

Belfast  &  Northern   Counties  Railway  Work- 
men's Pension  Fund 

Bradford  &  District  Railway  Servants'  Coal  Sup-| 
ply  Association > 

Bridgemen,  Brotherhood  of  Railroad 

British  India,  Money  of 

British    Railway    Pension    Scheme,    Character-j 
istics  of > 

Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen 

Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Bridgemen 

Brotherhood  of  Railway  Carmen  of  America 

Brotherhood  of  Railway  Trackmen  of  America.... 

Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen 

Brotherhood  Women's  Auxiliaries - 

Building  Societies  of  Railway  Workers  in  Great) 
Britain -> 


Ireland. 


England. 


United  States. 
Asia 


England 

United  States. 


England. 


C 

Caledonian  Railway  Engine  Drivers  and  Fire- 
men's Life  Assurance  Friendly  Society 

Caledonian  Railway  Servants'  Friendly  Society... 

Canadian   Expressmen's  Mutual  Benefit  Asso--! 
ciation > 

Canadian  results 

Carmen  of  America,  Brotherhood  of  Railway 

Carnegie,  Andrew,  Relief  Fund — 

Carnegie  Company,  Constituent  members  of 

Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company 

Carnegie  Steel  Company 

Casualty  Fund,  Railway  Benevolent  Institution. 

Central  South  African  Railways,  Management  of.. 


PAGE 


308 
308 

250 

311 
271 

150 

309 
311 
310 
310 
310 
311 

277 


Scotland 

u 

Canada ~ 

General 

United  States 


England. 
Africa 


308 

308 

336 

5 

310 

30,  135,279 

280 

280 

280 

295 

210 


TOPICAL    INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Certificate,    Co-operative     Investment     (Great 

Northern  Railway),  Form  of J 

Certificate    of    Insurance    (Chicago    &    Eastern) 

Illinois  Railroad),  Form  of „j 

Chester  Railway  Servants'  Sick  and  Burial  Ton-) 

tine  Society > 

Chicago  Expressmen's  Relief  Association 

Classification  of  Railway  Mail  Service 

Classification  of  Railway  Provident  Undertakings 

Clerks'  Aid  Society,  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 

Clubs  and  Dining  Rooms,  Railway _ 

"Company     Relief"     (Pennsylvania     System),") 

Nature  of J 

Conductors  of  America,  Order  of  Railway 

Co-operative  Institutions  of  Railway  Workers) 

of  Great  Britain.. i 

Co-operative     Investment     Certificate     (Great) 

Northern  Railway),  Form  of.. ) 

Co-operative    Stock     Purchasing    Schemes    in} 

United  States,  Statistics  for..... J 

Correspondence  (Interchanged),  Table  of  results) 

from... -> 

Crewe  Mechanics'  Institution  (London  &  North) 

Western  Railway) 


Derby  Locomotive  Friendly  Society 

Dining-Rooms  and  Clubs,  Railway 

Dormitories  and  Rest-Rooms,  Railway 

Dublin,  Wicklow  &  Wexford  Railway  Friendly 
Society 


United  States. 


England 

United  States.. 

a 

General 

United  States.. 
England 

United  States.  . 

a 

England 

United  States.. 


General. 


England. 


England. 


Ireland. 


247 

19 

308 

331 

345 

6 

81 

307 

67 

309 

250 

247 

249 

3 

268 


308 
307 
303 

308 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Karlestown  Viaduct  Institute  (London  &  North) 
Western  Railway) i 

Edgar  (J.)  Thomson  Home  for  Orphans,  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad - 

Edward  Ross  Memorial  Fund 

Emergency  Box,  Hospital  Service 

Employes'    (The   Great   Northern)    Investment) 
Association,  Limited ) 

Employes'  Relief  Association,  Baltimore  &  Ohio") 
Railroad —J 

Employers'  Liability  Act 

Endowment  Insurance,  Definition  of... 

Engineers,    Locomotive,    Grand    International) 
Brotherhood  of i 

Express   Companies   (Mileage   and    Employes),"! 
Statistics  for J 

Express  Companies'  Insurance  Tables — Adams) 
Express  Company i 

Express  Company,  Foundation  of 

Expressmen's  Aid  Society 

Expressmen's  Mutual  Benefit  Association..... 

Eurasian,  Definition  of  term 

IF 

Firemen,  Locomotive,  Brotherhood  of 

First  African  Railway 

First-Aid  Packet,  Hospital  Service 

First  Railway  Hospital  Department 

Form   of   Application   (Insurance),    Chicago   &) 

Eastern  Illinois  Railroad.... j 

Form  of  Certificate  (Insurance),  Chicago  &  East-) 

ern  Illinois  Railroad , j 

Form    of   Co-operative    Investment    Certificate) 

(Great  Northern  Railway) ...J 

Frick,  H.  C,  Coke  Company.. 

Friendly  Societies 


England. 


United  States.. 

England 

United  States.. 


England 

United  States. 


Canada 

United  States. 


Asia. 


United  States. 

Africa 

United  States- 


England. 


268 

282 

285 
220 

245 

40 

102,  118 
283 

309 

-337 

319,  321,  323 

317 
323 
319 
120 


309 
241 
219 
215 

19 
19 

247 

2S0 
118,307,308 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


>\  England. 


Scotland. 


Q- 

Gateshead  and  District  Engine  Drivers,  Firemen 
and  Cleaners'  Friendly  Society 

General  Railway  Workers'  Union 

Glasgow  and  Paisley  and  Glasgow  and  Kilmar- 
nock Joint  Lines  Servants'  Friendly  Society... 

Glasgow  &  South  Western  Railway  Friendly 
Society 

Glasgow  &  South  Western  Railway  Locomotive 
Friendly  Society 

Government  Savings  Bank,  Natal.. 

Grand  International  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive 
Engineers. 

Great  Eastern  Railway  Provident  Society 

Great  Northern  Employes'  Investment  Associa-)  I  __  . 

.....  v  United  States 

tion,  Limited _ _ J 

Great  Northern  Railway  Locomotive  Sick  Society  England 

Great  Western  Railway  Enginemen  and  Fire-]  I 

men's  Mutual  Assurance,  Sick  and  Superan 

nuation  Society 

Great  Western  Railway  Locomotive  and  Car 

riage  Department  Sick  Fund _. 

Great  Western  Railway  Provident  Society 


Africa... 

United  States. 
England 


EC 

Health  Farms,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Railroad  Branches 

Hospital  Department,  First  Railway. 

Hospital  Service,  "Emergency  Box" 

"First-Aid  Packet" 

List  of  Railways  reporting  on.... 

Medical  Staff  of 

Pennsylvania  Railroad,  special. . 

1903,  Pennsylvania  Railroad) 
System,  Statistics  for J 

Statistics  for 

Stretcher  Service 

Hull  Railway  Benefit  Society 


United  States.. 


England. 


308 
312 
308 

308 

308 
241 
309 
308 
245 
308 

308 

308 

308 


257 
215 
220 
219 
217 
215 
218 

220 

218 
220 

308 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Illinois  Central  Railroad  Capital  Stock  Purchas-") 

ing  Scheme J 

India,  British,  Money  of _ 

Insurance  Tables: 

United  States. 

Ann  Arbor  Railroad..— 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad 

Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railway 

Long  Island  Railroad 

Norfolk  &  Western  Railway 

Pennsylvania   System    East   and   West   of] 

Pittsburgh J 

Pennsylvania  System  East  of  Pittsburgh 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railway 

Canada. 

Grand  Trunk  Railway 

Great  Britain. 

Great  Central  Railway ! 

Great  Northern  Railway 

Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway 

London  &  North  Western  Railway 


United  States. 
Asia 


United  States. 


Midland  Railway 

North  British  Railway..... 

Taff  Vale  Railway.... 

Africa. 

Natal  Government  Railways.. 

Investment   Association,    Limited   (The    Great) 

Northern  Employes') i 

Irish  Railway  Clearing  House  Provident  Society... 


Canada 

England 

« 

a 

a 
u 

Scotland 

England 

Africa 

United  States.. 
Ireland..... 


248 
271 


26 
36 
43 
51 
29 
58 
23 

65 

66 
73 

84 

91 

95 

98,  99 

(102,    103,    105, 
1     107 

110 

113,  114 

117 

124 
245 
308 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


J.  Edgar  Thomson  Home  for  Orphans,  Pennsyl-) 
vania  Railroad J 


k: 


Keystone  Bridge  Works. 


Lake  Superior  Iron  Company 

Lancashire    &   Yorkshire    Railway    Permanent | 
Way  Friendly  Society _ J 

Leave  Provision,  British  Colonial  Railways J 

Leeds  Railway  Servants'   Mutual  Coal  Supply) 

Association.. j 

Libraries    and     Reading- Rooms,     Railway,    in) 

United  States,  Statistics  for j 

Library  and   Literary  Association   (London  &") 

North  Western  Railway) j 

Library,  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway) 

(proper) J 

Library,  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 

"         Central  South  African  Railways..... 

Eastern  Bengal  State  Railway.. 

Furness  Railway 

Great  Central  Railway 

Great  Eastern  Railway 

Great  Northern  Railway _ 

Great  Western  Railway 

Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway 

London  &  North  Western  Railway 

Mexican  Central  Railway 

"         Midland  Railway 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway.... 

Natal  Government  Railwavs 


United  States.. 


United  States. 


United  States 

England 

Asia 

Australasia.... 

England 

United  States 
England 

United  States 

u 

Africa... 

Asia 

England 

a 
a 
u 
u 
it 
a 

Mexico 

England 

United  States 
Africa 


282 


281 


280 

308 

301 
300 

251 

261,  262 
269 

262 

261,  262 

271 

265 

263 

264 

267 

267 

267 

267 

264,  267 

262 

267 

261,  262 

272 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Library,  National  Lines  of  Mexico 

"         New  South  Wales  Government  Railways 
"         New  York   Central   &   Hudson   Riven 

Railroad ) 

North  British  Railway..... 

"         North  Eastern  Railway 

"         Panama  Railway 

"         Pennsylvania  Railroad... 

"         Southern  Mahratta  Railway 

"         Wells,  Fargo  &  Company  (Express) 

List  of  Provident  Undertakings  obtaining  with] 

Railways ) 

Literary    Institutes,    Railway,    Great    Britain,] 

Characteristics  of J 

Liverpool   Dock   Railway   and   General   Work- 
men's Tontine  Society 

Liverpool  Railway  Permanent  Benefit  Building 

Society 

Loan  Feature,  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 

Loan  Feature,  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  Sta-) 

tistics  for J 

Locomotive     Engineers,     Grand     International") 

Brotherhood  of j 

Locomotive  Firemen,  Brotherhood  of 

London,  Brighton  &  South  Coast  Railway  Provi- 1 

dent  Society.... j 

London,  Brighton  &  South  Coast  Railway  Ser-| 

vants'  Benevolent  Fund j 

London,  Brighton  &  South  Coast  Railway  Sta-i 
tion  Masters  and  Inspectors'  Mutual  Aid  So-  !• 

ciety J 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  Insurance] 

Society j 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  Insurance 

Society  (Running  Department)... 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  Locomotive] 
Foremen's  Pension  Fund j 


Mexico. 

Australasia 

United  States 

Scotland 

England 

Panama 

United  States 

Asia 

United  States 

General 

England 

u 

a 

United  States 


England. 


263 
273 

261,  262 

267 

267 

263 

261,  262 

271 

343 

6 

267 

308 

277 
275 

277 

309 
309 

308 

308 

308 

101 
106 
169 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


London  &  North  Western  Railway  Locomotive} 

Works  Insurance  Society ) 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  Provident) 

and  Pension  Society. ) 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  Provident) 

Society... J 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  Provident  So-) 

ciety  for  Providing  Pensions  for  Widows  and  j- 

Orphans  of  Members  of  the  Salaried  Staff J 

London  &  North  Western  Railway  Supplemental} 

Pension  Fund I 

London  &  South  Western  Railway  Friendly  So-} 

ciety... i 

London  &  South  Western  Railway  Guards'  Mu-) 

tual  Benefit  Fund. ) 

London  &  South  Western  Railway  New  Provi-1 

dent  and  Sick  Benefit  Society ) 

London  &  South  Western  Railway  Widows  and} 

Orphans'  Benefit  Society ..) 

London  &  Suburban  Railway  Officials'  Association 
London  City  Missions 


Manchester  &  District  Railway  Servants'  Coal} 
Supply  Association ) 

Manchester  &  Milford  Railway  Friendly  Society.. . 

Mechanics'  Library,  Altoona,  Pa.,  Pennsylvania) 
Railroad ._ j 

Memorial  Fund,  Edward  Ross 

Meritorious  Conduct  Fund,  Sir  Edward  Watkin  ... 

Merit  System  of  Pullman  Company 

Metropolitan  District  Railway  Mutual  Provident) 
Society i 

Metropolitan  Railway  Mutual  Provident  Society. 

Mexican  results....". 


England- 


England ----- 

a 

United  States 

England 

u 

United  States 
England 

u 

General 


PAGE 


104 
161 
165 

171 

168 
308 
308 
308 

308 

308 
305 


251 

308 

261,  262 

284,  285 

284 

316 

308 

308 
5 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Middlesborough  Enginemen,  Firemen  and  Clean-| 
ers'  Friendly  Society f 

Midland  Great  Western  Railway  (Ireland)] 
Benefit  Society J 

Midland  Great  Western  Railway  (Ireland)  En-] 
ginemen  and  Firemen's  Friendly  Society.... J 

Midland  Railway  Enginemen  and  Firemen's  Life] 
Assurance  and  Permanent  Incapacitation  [ 
Fund ...J 

Midland  Railway  Friendly  Society... 

Mileage  of  Railways  in  United  States,  1903 

Mingo  Coal  Company. 

Missionary  Work,  Railway 

Mission,  Railway,  London 

Missions,  London  City 

Money  of  British  India 

"        "   England,  Table  of 

Moses  Taylor  Hospital,  Buffalo,  N.  Y 

"  "  "  Scranton,  Pa 


Natal  Government  Savings  Bank 

National  Association  of  Railway  Postal  Clerks 

Newcastle  and  District  Railwaymen's  Friendly] 
Society.. _ ) 

New  South  Wales  Government  Railways,  Man-] 
agement  of J 

New  Street  Station  (Birmingham)  Railway  In-] 
stitute  (London  &  North  Western  Railway) f 

Northampton  Railway  Servants'   Refreshment] 
Society J 

North  Eastern  Railway  Central  Station  and  Dis- 
trict Railwaymen's  Friendly  Society 

North  Eastern  Railway  Passenger  Signalmen's 
Provident  Society. 

North  Eastern  Railway  Provident  Society 


England 

Ireland 

u 

England 

a 

United  States.. 

u 

England 

a 

Asia _ 

England 

United  States.. 


Africa. 

United  States 

England 

Australasia .... 
England 


308 
308 
308 

308 

308 

15 

281 

305 

305 

305 

271 

16 

281 

281 


241 
348 

308 

213 

269 

251 

308 

308 
308 


TOPICAL    INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


North  Eastern  United  Railway  Servants'Friendhn 
Society ...J 

North  London  Railway  Provident  Society 

North  of  England  Railway  Servants'  Provident) 
Benefit  Society j 

North  Staffordshire  Railway  Friendly  Society 

Northwestern  Expressmen's  Mutual  Benefit  As-} 
sociation  of  St.  Paul,  Minn j 

O 

Oliver  Iron  Mining  Company 

Order  of  Railroad  Telegraphers 

Order  of  Railway  Conductors  of  America 

Order  of  subject  treatment 

Orphanage  Societies 

IE> 

Palace  or  Sleeping  Car,  Origin  of. 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  System  Expenditure  for} 

Provident  Undertakings,  1903 j 

Penn  Yearly   Beneficial   Association   (Pennsyl-) 

vania  Railroad). ) 

Pension,  Definition  of  term 

Pension  Department,  Objects  of 

Pension  Departments,  Railway,  Statistics  for 

Pension  Schemes,  Early 

Pension  Schemes  of  British  Railways,  Character- "> 

istics  of J 

Pension  Tables: 

United  States. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.. 

England. 

Great  Central  Railway 

Great  Eastern  Railway 

Great  Western  Railwav. 


England 


United  States. 


United  States. 


General... 
England. 


United  States. 


General 

United  States. 


England. 


308 
308 
308 
308 
332 


280 

310 

309 

10 

306 


315 
357 

82 

130 
129 
132 
129 

150 


134 


152 

153,  155 
157,  159,  160 


TOPICAL  INDEX-Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Pension  Tables — Continued : 

London  &  North  Western  Railwav. 


London  &  South  Western  Railway 

Pittsburg  &  Conneaut  Dock  Company 

Pittsburg  Limestone  Company,  Limited 

Pittsburg  Steamship  Company 

Plan  of  reporting  adopted 

Provident  Clerks  and  General  Accident  Insur- 
ance Company,  Limited 

Provident  Clerks  and  General  Mutual  Life  As-] 

surance  Society i 

Provident  Funds  (British  India),  Nature  of 

Provident   Undertakings   obtaining   with   Rail-) 

ways,  Classification  of J 

"Public  and  Private  Provision"  Tables: 
London  &  North  Western  Railway: 

Railway  Benevolent  Institution 

United  Kingdom  Railway  Officers  and) 

Servants'  Association ...J 

Railway  Guards'  Universal  Friendly  So-] 
ciety  and  Widows  and  Orphans'  Fund  J 

Railway  Benevolent  Institution 

Railway  Clearing  System  Superannuation) 

Fund  Corporation. J 

Pullman  Company  "Merit  System" 


a. 

b. 

c. 


Railroad  Telegraphers,  Order  of 

Railroad  Trainmen,  Brotherhood  of 

Railway  Benevolent  Institution 

Railroad  Bridgemen,  Brotherhood  of.. 

Railway  Carmen  of  America,  Brotherhood  of 

Railway   Clearing  House   Clerks'    Co-operative] 
Supply  Association J 


England. 


United  States.. 


General.. 
England. 


Asia 

General. 


England. 


United  States.. 


United  States. 

u 

England 

United  States. 


England. 


[161,  162,  163, 
166,167,169, 
[  172 
173,  174 
281 
280 
281 
10 

97 

97 

118 

6 


287 
288 

291,  292 
296 
298 
316 


310 

310 

117,  286,  295 

311 

310 

250 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Railway  Clearing  House,  Great  Britain,  Origin  of.. 
Railway  Clearing  System  Superannuation  Fund) 

Corporation J 

Railway  Conductors  of  America,  Order  of 

Railway  Expressmen's    Benevolent  Association) 

of  Milwaukee,  Wis ) 

Railway   Guards'    Universal    Friendly   Society"! 

and  Widows  and   Orphans'  Fund J 

Railway  Mail  Service,  Classification  of 

Railway  Management  of  Central  South  African) 

Railways i 

Railway    Management    of    New    South    Wales) 

Government  Railways J 

Railway  Men's  Friendly  Society 

Railway  Mission 

Railway  Officers  and  Servants'  Sick  Society 

Railway  Permanent  Benefit  Building  Society 

Railway  Provident  Society 

Railway    Provident    Undertakings,    Classifica-1 

tion  of J 

Railway  Signalmen's  United  Aid  and  Sick  Society 
Railway  Trackmen  of  America,  Brotherhood  of... 

Railway  Workmen's  Coal  Association 

Reading    Society  of     Railway    Servants    Sick] 

Benefit  and  Burial  Fund ) 

Recreation  Grounds 

Regent  Iron  Company 

Relief  Department,  Advantages  offered  by  mem-") 

bership  in... J 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad) 

Company,  Origin  of J 

"  Basis  of  stability  of 

Characteristics  of 

Expense  Account,   Pennsyl-) 
vania  Railroad i 


England. 


United  States.. 


England 

United  States. 

Africa.... 

Australasia 

England 

u 
a 
u 

u 

General 

England 

United  States. 
England 

u 
It 

United  States. 


297 

293,  297 
309 
333 

289,  308 
345. 

210 

213 

308 
305 
308 
277 
308 


308 
310 
251 

308 

304 
280 

71 

31 

32 
31 

71 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


::} 


Relief  Department,  Membership  rights  at  law,  in" 
case  of  ' '  accident  disable 
ment" 

"  "  Membership  status  in.. 

"                 "           Non-return  of  contributions  by 
Origin  of 

"                 "            Pennsylvania  Railroad  Com-| 
pany,  Origin  of J 

"  "  Purpose  of  contributions  to... 

"                 "           Terms   used   on   account   of] 
retirement  from  service J 

"  "  Voluntary  membership 

"  "  What   acceptance   of   mem- 

bership benefits  involves 

Relief  Fund  Account,  Pennsylvania  Railroad.. 

Relief   Fund    Liability   Account,    Pennsylvania) 

Railroad ...J 

Relief    Fund    Surplus    Account,    Pennsylvania) 

Railroad _ j 

Relief  Funds  (Railway),  United  States,  Statistics) 

for...... } 

Reporting  plan  adopted 

Rest-Rooms  and  Dormitories 

Results  in  Canada 

Results  in  Mexico 

Results  in  United  States,  Synopsis  of 

River  Mersey  Engine  Drivers'  Friendly  Society.... 

Ross,  Edward,  Memorial  Fund. 

Rugby  and  District  Enginemen  and  Firemen 's| 

Friendly  Society j 

Rupee,  Value  of... 


S 


St.  John  Ambulance  Association 

St.  John's  Orphanage,  Philadelphia,  Pa 

Savings  Fund,  British  Railway,  Characteristics  of 


United  States. 


General 

England 

General 

a 
a 

England 

a 
a 

Asia 

England 

United  States 
England 


33 

32 
33 
31 

31 

33 

38 

32 

38 

70 

71 

71 

77 

10 
303 

5 
5 

4 
308 

285 

308 
271 


225,  293 

283 

238 


TOPICAL    INDEX-Continued. 


FEATURE 


Savings  Fund,  Pennsylvania  System,  Company) 

responsibility i 

Savings  Fund,    Pennsylvania   System,    Deposit) 

procedure J 

Savings  Fund,  Pennsylvania  System,  Maximum! 

deposit.. J 

Savings  Fund,  Pennsylvania  System,  Number  of) 

Depositaries ) 

Savings  Fund,  Pennsylvania  System,  Number  of) 

Depositors J 

Savings  Fund,  Pennsylvania  System,  Statistics  for 
Savings    Fund,    Pennsylvania    System,    With-) 

drawal  procedure f 

Saving  Funds,  Railway,  in  Great  Britain,  Char-) 

acteristics  of J 

Saving  Funds,  Railway,  in   United  States,   Sta-) 

tistics  for ) 

Scope  of  Reportorial  investigation.... 

Scottish  Engine  Drivers  and  Firemen's  Friendly "> 

Society J 

Scottish  Railway  Servants'  Friendly  Society.... 

Share  allotment  basis  (insurance) 

Sir  Edward  Watkins  Meritorious  Conduct  Fund  ... 

Sleeping  or  Palace  Car,  Origin  of 

Span  (Average)  of  Life  in  United  Kingdom 

State  Control  of  Railways  in  British  India.... 

Statistics  for  Express  Companies  (Mileage  and) 

Employes) J 

Statistics  for  Hospital  Service  of  Pennsylvania") 

Railroad  System ) 

Statistics    for    Pennsylvania    Railroad    System) 

Provident  Undertakings,  1903 j 

Statistics  for  Railway  Co-operative  Stock  Pur-) 

chasing  Schemes  in  United  States j 

Statistics  for  Railway  Hospital  Service  in  United) 

States J 


COUNTRY 

PAGE 

United  States.. 

234 

u 

234 

u 

234 

11 

237 

a 

237 

u 

236 

u 

235 

England 

238 

United  States.. 

237 

General 

1 

Scotland. 

308 

u 

308 

it 

115 

England 

284 

United  States.. 

315 

Great  Britain... 

106 

Asia 

120 

United  States.. 
Canada 

j-337 

United  States.  . 

220 

u 

357 

a 

249 

a 

218 

TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Statistics  for  Railway  Loan  Feature,  Baltimore) 

&  Ohio  Railroad J 

Statistics  for  Railway  Pension  Departments  in"» 

United  States J 

Statistics  for  Railway  Relief  Funds  in  United) 

States J 

Statistics  for  Railway  Saving  Funds  in  United "» 

States J 

Statistics   for  Saving   Funds   of   Pennsylvania) 

Railroad  System J 

Statistics  for  Young  Men's  Christian  Association) 

Railroad  Branches  in  United  States i 

Statistics  for  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 

Branches  and  Libraries  and  Reading-Rooms 

of  Pennsylvania  Railroad  System 

Stoke-on-Trent  and  District  Enginemen,   Fire-) 

men  and  Cleaners'  Friendly  Society..... J 

Stretcher  Service,  Hospital  Service _ 

Subject  treatment,  Order  of 

Superannuation,  Definition  of  term 

Superannuation     Fund     of    British     Railways,) 

Characteristics  of J 

Superannuation   Fund,    Pennsylvania   Railroad) 

Company J 

Superannuation   Tables : 

Great  Britain. 

Furness  Railway 

Great  Northern  Railway 

Great  Western  Railway 


London  &  North  Western  Railway. 
London  &  South  Western  Railway.. 

Midland  Railway 

North  British  Railway 

North  Eastern  Railway 


United  States. 


England 

United  States 
General 

u 

England 

United  States 


277 

132 

77 

237 

236 

258 

260 

308 

220 

10 

183 

183 
179 


England 

186 

u 

189 

u 

|190,  192,  193, 
I  194 
198 

a 

u 

201 
203,  204 

Scotland 

206,  207 

England 

209 

TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


Superannuation  Tables — Continued : 
Africa. 

Natal  Government  Railways 

Switchmen's  Union  of  North  America. 
Synopsis  of  results  in  United  States 


Table,  Comparative,  of  American  Roads  report- 
ing annual  operative  cost  for  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
Branches J 

Table  of  American  railroads  conducting  Insur-) 
ance,  Pension  and  Superannuation  plans j 

Table  of  English  money 

Table  of  persons  employed  in  Transportation "» 
and  Commerce,  all  Countries,  1903 J 

Table  of  results  from  interchanged  correspondence 

Table  showing  number  of  employes  of  all  rail-) 
roads  in  United  States,  1903 j 

Taylor,  Moses,  Hospital,  Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Scranton,  Pa..._ 

Telegraphers,  Railroad,  Order  of 

Terminal  Reference  Libraries,  Wells    Fargo  &) 
Company j 

Term  Policy  (Chicago  &  Alton  Railway),  Nature  of 

Thomson,  J.  Edgar,  Home  for   Orphans  (Penn-) 
sylvania  Railroad) - i 

Trackmen  of  America,  Brotherhood  of  Railway... 

Trade  Unions  of  Railway  Workers  in  United) 
Kingdom J 

Trainmen,  Railroad,  Brotherhood  of 

Trustees  of  J.  Edgar  Thomson  Home  for  Orphans 

TT 
Undertakings,  Railway  Provident,  Classification  of 

Union  Supply  Company - 

United  Kingdom,  Average  span  of  life  in 


Africa 

United  States. 
General 


United  States.. 


Canada... 
England. 

General.. 


United  States.. 


Great  Britain... 
United  States. . 


General 

United  States.. 


212 
311 
4 


259 

[-12,  13,  14 

16 

16 

3 

15 

281 
281 
310 

343 

18 
282 
310 
311 

310 

282 


6 

281 


Great  Britain...!    106 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


PAGE 


United  Kingdom  Railway  Temperance  Union 

United  Kingdom   Railway  Temperance  Union] 

Provident  and  Benefit  Fund I 

United  Kingdom  Railway  Officers  and  Servants'] 

Association J 

United    States    Express    Company    Employes'] 

Benevolent  Association  of  New  York  City,  etc. ) 
United  States  Express  Company  Employes'  Mu-] 

tual  Relief  Association  of  Philadelphia,  Pa..__J 
United   States   Railway   Mail   Service   Mutual) 

Benefit  Association ) 

United  States,  Synopsis  of  results  in 


W 

Waterford,     Limerick     &     Western     Railway] 

Friendly  Society J 

Watkins,  Sir  Edward,  Meritorious  Conduct  Fund 

Wells  Fargo  &  Company  (Express)  Libraries. 

Widows  and  Orphans'  Funds 

Widows'  Pension  Fund.. 

Wigan  Goods  Guards'  Friendly  Society 

Willesden  Junction  Railway  Co-operative  Insti-] 

tute ) 

Willesden  Junction  Railway  Servants'  Refresh] 

ment  Coffee  Tavern f 

Wives'  Burial  Fund 

Wolverhampton  Great  Western  Railway  Loco-] 

motive  Permanent  Sick  and  Burial  Society...  ( 
Wolverton  Science  and  Art  Institute  (London  & 

North  Western  Railway) 

Women's  Auxiliaries  of  Railway  Brotherhoods.. 
Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  1897 


England. 


United  States. 


General. 


Ireland 

England 

United  States 
England 

a 
u 

u 

u 
u 

u 

a 

United  States 
England 


270,  294 
293 

287,  308 

329 

330 

346 

4 


308 

284 
343 
306 
178 
308 

250 

251 
111 
308 

268 

311 
118,  305 


TOPICAL  INDEX— Continued. 


FEATURE 


COUNTRY 


York  North  Eastern  Railway  Friendly  Society... 
Young   Men's   Christian   Association,    Building) 

operations  in  1903 J 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  First  Rail-) 

way  Branch j 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  First  Rail-) 

way  Branch  Building ) 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Health  Farms 
Young   Men's   Christian    Association,    Interna- 
tional Committee,  Origin  of 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Institution) 
in  America J 

Young    Men's    Christian    Association,    List    of 
Roads  reporting  on 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Origin  of 

Young   Men's   Christian   Association,    Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  System  relations  with 

Young   Men's   Christian   Association,    Pennsyl 
vania  Railroad  System  statistics 

Young   Men's  Christian   Association,    Philadel-] 
phia,    Pa.,    Branch,    Pennsylvania    Railroad 
Department 

Young   Men's   Christian   Association,    Railroad) 
Branch,  Educational  Courses j 

Young   Men's   Christian   Association,    Railroad) 
Branch,  Management J 

Young   Men's   Christian   Association,    Railroad) 
Branch,  Privileges  and  Features. J 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Statistics  for. 

Young  Men's  Christian   Association,   Table  of 
comparative  statistics  for  American  roads 


England 

United  States. 


jyl-) 


General. 


United  States. 
Canada 


United  States. 
General 

United  States. 


:fi 


PAGE 


308 
253 

253 

254 
257 
256 

1 253 

257 
253 
254 

260 

254 

254 

255 

254 

258,  259 
259 


GLOSSARY.* 

(Presenting,  for  general  convenience,  certain  foreign  and  other  words  and  phrases,  also 
abbreviations,  signs,  and  scientific  terms,  appearing  in  the  publication.) 


FOREIGN  WORDS,    ETC. 

Bona  fide  (Latin):  In  good  faith;  actually;  in  reality. 

Bonus  (Latin):  The  portion  of  surplus  capital  distributed  at  certain  periodical  intervals  among 
the  assurers  is  usually  called  a  "bonus";  or  of  capital  over  and  above  what  may  be 
necessary  to  satisfy  forthcoming  claims,  expenses,  management,  etc. 

Congres  (French):  Congress;  an  assembly  of  sovereigns  or  their  deputies. 
Corps  (French):  A  body,  a  force  (of  persons). 

Data  (Latin):  Allowed  premises;  known  or  admitted  facts  or  truths. 
Des  or  des  (French) :  Of  the. 
Duplex  (Latin):  Twofold;  double. 

Errata  (Latin):  Errors  or  misprints;  table  of  errors  or  misprints. 

Esprit  de  corps  (French):  Brotherhood;  brotherly  feeling;  literally,  the  "spirit  of  the  body." 

Et  cetera  (Latin):  And  the  rest;  and  so  forth;  abbreviated  form,  "etc.";  sign,  "&c." 

Ex  officio  (Latin):  By  virtue  of  office;  officially. 

Facsimile  (Latin) :  A  close  imitation. 

Fiscal:  Belonging  to  the  treasury.     From  the  Latin  "fiscus,"  the  exchequer,  public  treasury. 

Formula  (Latin) :  A  prescribed  form  or  rule. 

Id  est  (Latin):  That  is;  abbreviated  form,  "i.  e." 

Infra  (Latin):  Below;  under. 

Inter  alia  (Latin) :  Among  other  things  or  matters. 

Kilometer:  0.62136  mile.     A  French  measure  of  1,000  meters,  a  "meter"  being  equal  to  39.371 

inches  English. 

Maximum  (Latin):  The  greatest  (quantity  or  amount). 
Minimum  (Latin):  The  smallest  (quantity  or  amount). 
Memoranda  (Latin):  Memorandums;  slips  for  verifying  purposes. 

Palais  (French) :  A  palace. 

"Palais  des  Congres"  (French):  Palace  of  the  Congress. 

Per  (Latin) :  By. 

Per  annum  (Latin):  By  the  year;  yearly;  annually;  a  year. 

Per  capita  (Latin):  By  the  head:  individually. 

Per  centum  (Latin):  By  the  hundred;  abbreviated  form,  "per  cent.";  sign,  "%." 

Per  diem  (Latin):  Daily;  every  day;  a  day. 

Per  mensem  (Latin):  By  the  month;  monthly. 

Personnel  (French):  Body  or  staff  (of  persons). 

Pro  rata  (Latin):  In  proportion;  proportionally. 

Proviso  (Latin):  A  condition,  stipulation,  agreement,  understanding. 

Resume  (French):  A  recapitulation;  a  summing  up;  a  summary. 


FOREIGN  WORDS,    ETC.— Continued. 

Socio  (Latin) :  I  join,  unite,  associate. 

Surplus:  Compounded  of  two  Latin  words,  "super,"  over  or  above,  and  "plus,"  more;  meaning 
what  remains  over  after  accomplishing  a  purpose  or  object. 

Termini  (Latin) :  First  and  last  stations;  or  principal  stations. 

Vice  versa  (Latin):  The  terms  being  reversed;  reversely;  the  reverse. 

Vide  (Latin):  See. 

Vide  infra  (Latin) :  See  below;  under. 

Videlicet  (Latin):  Namely;  to  wit;  that  is  to  say;  abbreviated  form,  "viz." 

Vide  supra  (Latin):  See  above,  before. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

Etc.,  or  etc.,  or  &c.  (et  cetera):  And  the  rest;  and  so  forth. 

/.  e.  or  i.  e.  (id  est):  That  is. 

P.,  or  "p.":  Page. 

Pp.,  or  "pp.":  Pages. 

Viz.  (videlicet):  Namely;  to-wit;  that  is  to  say. 

S.  or  s.:  Shilling  (English  money). 

D.,  or  d.:  Pence  (English  money). 

SIGNS. 
&  :  And. 

&c,  or  etc.  (et  cetera):  And  the  rest;  and  so  forth. 
X  :  Sign  of  multiplication;  meaning  "multiply  by." 
%    :  Per  centum,  or  per  cent.:  By  the  hundred. 
=   :  Sign  of  equality;  equal  to;  same  as. 

*   :  Or  little  star  (asterisk),  used  to  refer  to  a  note,  or  to  an  omission, 
t  :  Or  dagger,  a  mark  of  reference. 

—  :  Or  dash;  a  slight  addition;  additional  incidental  comment. 

-  :  Or  hyphen;  a  short  line  between  the  parts  of  a  compound  word;  also  between  dates,  as  "  1903- 

1904,"  or  "1903-4,"  meaning  "years  1903  and  1904,  both  inclusive." 
£   :  Pound  (English  money). 
S®~  '.  Index  finger;  so  named  because  it  is  used  as  a  pointer;  a  mark  of  reference. 

SCIENTIFIC. 
Anthropology:  The  natural  history  of  the  human  species. 
Antiseptic:  A  substance  that  prevents  putrefaction. 
Aurist:  One  who  treats  diseases  of  the  ear. 

Bacteriologist:  One  skilled  in  treatment  of  bacteria,  or  disease  germs. 
Compress:  Folds  of  soft  linen  cloth,  used  to  cover  the  dressings  of  wounds,  etc.,  or  to  keep  them 

in  their  proper  place  and  defend  them  from  the  air. 
Dermatologist:  One  who  treats  diseases  of  the  skin. 
Neurologist:  One  who  treats  diseases  of  the  nerves. 
Oculist:  One  who  treats  diseases  of  the  eye. 

Pathology :  That  part  of  medicine  which  treats  of  the  nature  of  diseases. 
Prosthetic  agencies:  The  artificial  means  or  agencies  for  supplying  any  defect  or  lost  part  of  the 

human  anatomy. 
Sociology:    The  science  which  treats  of    men  in  social  capacity,  including  politics,  political 

economy,  and  such  subjects;  social  science. 
Styptic:  A  substance  which  checks  local  bleeding. 
Tourniquet:  A  bandage  which  may  be  tightened  by  a  screw,  used  in  surgery  to  produce  pressure 

on  a  blood-vessel,  so  as  to  restrain  bleeding. 
•From  the  standpoint  of  the  "international"  characteristics  and  relations  with  which  this  book  is  invested, 
a  glossary  is,  as  a  general  proposition,  highly  necessary  and  practically  indispensable. 


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